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THE ALLIES AFTER NASSAU IN DECEMBER 1960, THE U.S . FIRST PROPOSED TO HELP NATO DEVELOP ITS OWN NUCLEAR STRIKE FORCE . BUT EUROPE MADE NO ATTEMPT TO DEVISE A PLAN . LAST WEEK, AS THEY STUDIED THE NASSAU ACCORD BETWEEN PRESIDENT KENNEDY AND PRIME MINISTER MACMILLAN, EUROPEANS SAW EMERGING THE FIRST OUTLINES OF THE NUCLEAR NATO THAT THE U.S . WANTS AND WILL SUPPORT . IT ALL SPRANG FROM THE ANGLO-U.S . CRISIS OVER CANCELLATION OF THE BUG-RIDDEN SKYBOLT MISSILE, AND THE U.S . OFFER TO SUPPLY BRITAIN AND FRANCE WITH THE PROVED POLARIS (TIME, DEC . 28) . THE ONE ALLIED LEADER WHO UNRESERVEDLY WELCOMED THE POLARIS OFFER WAS HAROLD MACMILLAN, WHO BY THUS KEEPING A SEPARATE NUCLEAR DETERRENT FOR BRITAIN HAD SAVED HIS OWN NECK . BACK FROM NASSAU, THE PRIME MINISTER BEAMED THAT BRITAIN NOW HAD A WEAPON THAT " WILL LAST A GENERATION . THE TERMS ARE VERY GOOD . " MANY OTHER BRITONS WERE NOT SO SURE . THOUGH THE GOVERNMENT WILL SHOULDER NONE OF THE $800 MILLION DEVELOPMENT COST OF POLARIS, IT HAS ALREADY POURED $28 MILLION INTO SKYBOLT AND WILL HAVE TO SPEND PERHAPS $1 BILLION MORE FOR A FLEET OF MISSILE-PACKING SUBMARINES . AT BEST, THE BRITISH WILL NOT BE ABLE TO DESIGN, BUILD AND PROVE ITS NUCLEAR FLEET BEFORE 1970, THREE YEARS AFTER BRITAIN'S BOMBER FORCE HAS PRESUMABLY BECOME OBSOLETE . THEN WHAT ? TORY BACKBENCHERS ARE LOUDLY SKEPTICAL OF WHAT THEY CALL " THE SMALL TYPE " IN THE NASSAU PACT, WHICH STIPULATES THAT BRITAIN'S POLARIS SUBMARINE FLEET, EXCEPT WHEN " SUPREME NATIONAL INTERESTS " INTERVENE, MUST BE COMMITTED TO A TRULY MULTILATERAL NATO FORCE . DOES THAT MEAN THAT BRITAIN WILL EVENTUALLY HAVE NO STRIKE FORCE OF ITS OWN ? WHO WILL DECIDE WHEN OR WHETHER NATIONAL INTERESTS JUSTIFY WITHDRAWAL OF SUBMARINES FROM NATO, PARTICULARLY IF THOSE NATIONAL INTERESTS CONFLICT WITH U.S . POLICY ? THE BIGGEST QUESTION OF ALL IS WHETHER FRANCE'S INCLUSION IN THE OFFER WAS A DELIBERATE PLOY BY JACK KENNEDY TO END OR AT LEAST DOWNGRADE BRITAIN'S PRIZED " SPECIAL RELATIONSHIP " WITH THE U.S . THE CARTOONISTS WENT EVEN FARTHER . THEY NOT ONLY SHOWED SUPERMAC JUMPING TO SUPERJACK'S COMMANDS, BUT DE GAULLE AND ADENAUER AS WELL . AS EDITH SAID . THE FRENCH, WHO GOT NO HELP FROM THE U.S . IN DEVELOPING THEIR FORCE DE FRAPPE, WERE QUICK TO CROW THAT BRITAIN'S VAUNTED TIES WITH THE U.S . HAD BROUGHT IT NOTHING BUT HUMILIATION . BY CONTRAST, BRAGGED FRENCH OFFICIALS, THE SKYBOLT FIASCO ONLY VINDICATED FRANCE'S DECISION TO DEVELOP ITS OWN BOMBS AND DELIVERY SYSTEMS . THUS, THOUGH CHARLES DE GAULLE PROMISED TO " REFLECT " ON THE POLARIS OFFER, THERE WAS LITTLE LIKELIHOOD THAT HE WOULD ACCEPT ANY OFFER THAT WOULD SUBJECT A FRENCH FORCE TO ALLIED CONTROL . IT IS DE GAULLE'S UNSWERVING CONVICTION THAT IF THE RUSSIANS WERE ACTUALLY TO INVADE WESTERN EUROPE, NO NATION THAT WAS NOT DIRECTLY ATTACKED MEANING THE U.S . WOULD INVITE NUCLEAR DEVASTATION BY HELPING ITS ALLIES . THUS UNLIKE BRITAIN'S BOMBER FORCE, WHICH ALL ALONG HAS BEEN PLEDGED TO " THE WESTERN STRATEGIC DETERRENT, " FRANCE'S FORCE DE FRAPPE WILL BE RESPONSIBLE ONLY FOR FRANCE'S DEFENSE . AT THE SAME TIME, DE GAULLE HAS LONG ARGUED THAT THE ATLANTIC ALLIANCE COULD BE RUN MOST EFFICIENTLY BY A TRIUMVIRATE THAT WOULD INCLUDE FRANCE AS AN EQUAL OF THE U.S . AND BRITAIN . THIS IS ONE OF HIS MAJOR, IF UNSPOKEN, CONDITIONS FOR BRITISH MEMBERSHIP IN THE COMMON MARKET ; AND DE GAULLE SUGGESTED POINTEDLY TO MACMILLAN THAT IT WOULD HELP IF BRITAIN WERE TO SHARE ITS ADVANCED MISSILE TECHNOLOGY WITH FRANCE . WHEN MACMILLAN REPLIED NONCOMMITTALLY THAT HE WOULD HAVE TO DISCUSS THIS WITH KENNEDY, DE GAULLE TOLD HIS GUEST WITH HAUTEUR THAT FRANCE IN THAT CASE COULD DO NOTHING TO EASE BRITAIN'S ENTRY INTO EUROPE . GO-IT-ALONE GRANDEUR . KONRAD ADENAUER, ON THE OTHER HAND, IS FEARFUL THAT DE GAULLE WILL SNAP UP THE POLARIS OFFER AND IN THIS WAY ACHIEVE HIS GOAL OF A THREE-NATION NATO DIRECTORATE . THOUGH HIS GOVERNMENT VOWED IN 1954 NOT TO MANUFACTURE NUCLEAR WEAPONS, ADENAUER HAS BECOME INCREASINGLY APPREHENSIVE THAT WITHOUT THEM, AND WITH NO SAY IN THEIR USE, WEST GERMANY WILL BE RELEGATED TO SECOND-CLASS CITIZENSHIP IN THE ALLIANCE . LAST WEEK AN OFFICIAL BULLETIN EVEN REVIVED THE OLD, BITTER CRY THAT U.S . PLEAS FOR GREATER RELIANCE ON CONVENTIONAL FORCES ARE AIMED AT RAISING GERMAN " CANNON FODDER " FOR U.S . " ATOMIC KNIGHTS . " A FROSTY LETTER FROM THE CHANCELLOR TO PRESIDENT KENNEDY SUGGESTED THAT GERMANY, WHICH ALREADY SUPPLIES ALMOST 50 PER CENT OF NATO GROUND STRENGTH, DOES NOT INTEND TO RAISE ANY MORE DIVISIONS FOR CONVENTIONAL WARFARE . YET U.S . STRATEGIC PLANNERS REASON THAT THE ONLY CREDIBLE DETERRENT TO SOVIET ATTACK IS A STRONG ARMY ON THE GROUND, BACKED BY THE VAST U.S . NUCLEAR ARSENAL . FACT IS, THE BRITISH AND FRENCH NUCLEAR WEAPONS COULD NEVER BE USED INDEPENDENTLY OF THE U.S . AGAINST RUSSIA WITHOUT INVITING DEVASTATING SOVIET RETALIATION . AFTER ALL THEIR EFFORTS, THE BRITISH AND FRENCH WILL HAVE MANAGED TO CREATE A NUCLEAR CAPACITY THAT REPRESENTS ONLY 4 PER CENT OF U.S . NUCLEAR POWER . " IT IS JUST A DAMNED NUISANCE, " SAID A STATE DEPARTMENT OFFICIAL LAST WEEK . " IT MEANS NOTHING MILITARILY EXCEPT THAT WE WILL BE EXPECTED TO BAIL OUT THE FIRST COUNTRY THAT THROWS THE FIRST PEA AT THE RUSSIANS OR ANYONE ELSE . " CHARLES DE GAULLE COULD HARDLY BE EXPECTED TO AGREE, AT LEAST UNTIL HIS FORCE DE FRAPPE BECOMES OBSOLETE . FOR BRITAIN AND GERMANY, THE MULTILATERAL DETERRENT MAKES IMMEDIATE SENSE . EVENTUALLY, FRANCE, TOO, MAY WELL FIND A NATO-CONTROLLED POLARIS FLEET, OR ITS POSSIBLE SUCCESSOR, A EUROPEAN MINUTEMAN ARSENAL, THE ONLY ANSWER TO THE SPIRALING COST AND DIMINISHING VALUE OF GO-IT-ALONE GRANDEUR . 
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RUSSIA WHO'S IN CHARGE HERE ? IT WAS IN 1954 THAT NIKITA KHRUSHCHEV LAUNCHED HIS GRANDIOSE " VIRGIN LANDS " GAMBLE . PART OF THE PLAN WAS TO PLOW UP 32 MILLION ACRES OF MARGINAL LAND IN KAZAKHSTAN, AND SETTLE IT WITH COMMUNIST " PIONEERS, " WHO WERE TO PLANT AND PRODUCE HUGE QUANTITIES OF DESPERATELY NEEDED GRAIN WITHIN TWO YEARS . NIKITA'S SCHEME FLOPPED . THERE WAS NOT ENOUGH RAINFALL, AND THE PIONEERS DID NOT TAKE TO TRACTOR LIFE ON THE BLEAK FRONTIER . EXCEPT FOR 1958, EACH HARVEST HAS BEEN LOWER THAN THE PREVIOUS YEAR'S . WORST YEAR OF ALL WAS 1962, WHEN THE VIRGIN LANDS DELIVERED ONLY HALF THEIR QUOTAS . NATURALLY, KHRUSHCHEV TAKES NONE OF THE BLAME FOR THE FIASCO . THREE YEARS AGO HE FOUND A SCAPEGOAT IN KAZAKHSTAN PARTY BOSS NIKOLAI BELYAEV, FIRED HIM FOR HIS " ERRORS . " LAST WEEK BELYAEV'S SUCCESSOR, DINMUKHAMED KUNAEV, WAS SIMILARLY BOUNCED FOR " LAPSES " IN HIS WORK . FOR GOOD MEASURE, MOSCOW ALSO PURGED THE FORMER PREMIER OF THE TERRITORY FROM THE LOCAL PARTY'S CENTRAL COMMITTEE . IT WAS PERHAPS NO COINCIDENCE THAT NIKOLAI IGNATOV, 61, A ONETIME KHRUSHCHEV CRONY, LAST WEEK ABRUPTLY LEFT HIS POST AS A SOVIET DEPUTY PREMIER AFTER ONLY NINE MONTHS ON THE JOB . FARM EXPERT IGNATOV HAD THE MISFORTUNE TO BE BOSS OF A SPECIAL COMMITTEE TO BOOST FOOD PRODUCTION . 
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BERLIN ONE LAST RUN HANS WEIDNER HAD BEEN HOPING FOR MONTHS TO ESCAPE DRAB EAST GERMANY AND MAKE HIS WAY TO THE WEST . THE ODDS WERE AGAINST HIM, FOR WEIDNER, 40, WAS A CRIPPLE ON CRUTCHES WHO LIVED IN THE VILLAGE OF NEUGERSDORF, 115 MILES SOUTHEAST OF THE FRONTIER OF FREEDOM BUT HANS WEIDNER DID HAVE ONE MAJOR ASSET, THE BUS THAT HE OPERATED FOR THE LOCAL COMMUNIST REGIME . IT WAS AN UGLY THING, AND ANCIENT . ITS CHASSIS CREAKED, AND THE ENGINE COUGHED ; A CREAM-COLORED COAT OF PAINT COULD NOT DISGUISE THE WELTS AND BRUISES OF TWO DECADES OF CHUGGING SERVICE . IN FACT, THE BUS WAS READY FOR THE JUNK PILE WHEN WEIDNER DECIDED TO PRESS IT INTO SERVICE FOR ONE LAST RUN . SHARP BLADES . THE HAZARDS WOULD BE GREAT ON THE JOURNEY TO THE BORDER ; SO WEIDNER SIGNED UP A FELLOW VILLAGER, JURGEN WAGNER, 22, TO TAKE THE WHEEL . EIGHT DAYS BEFORE CHRISTMAS, THE PAIR BEGAN THE FEVERISH PREPARATIONS IN WEIDNER'S GARAGE . FIRST WEIDNER AND WAGNER ATTACHED A HEAVY SNOWPLOW TO THE FRONT OF THE BUS, NOT TO PLOW SNOW, BUT TO SCOOP AWAY THE HEAVY OBSTACLES THEY KNEW AWAITED THEM AT ROADBLOCKS AHEAD . TO ALL SIX LUGS ON EACH FRONT WHEEL THEY BOLTED SHARP BLADES OF THE TOUGHEST STEEL, AFFIXED SO THAT THE WHIRLING EDGES WOULD CHOP BARBED WIRE TO BITS . THEN THEY WEDGED ONE-QUARTER-INCH SECTIONS OF STEEL PLATE INSIDE THE BUS TO STOP BULLETS . AT LAST ALL WAS READY . ON CHRISTMAS EVE, WEIDNER AND WAGNER PILED THEIR WIVES AND FOUR CHILDREN ABOARD, NOT FORGETTING THREE TONS OF HOUSEHOLD BELONGINGS . FOR ADDED PROTECTION THE PLOTTERS SHOVELED A TON OF COAL AND POTATOES INTO THE BACK OF THE BUS . THEN THEY CHUGGED OFF NORTH TOWARD BERLIN ALONG BACK ROADS TO ESCAPE COMMUNIST PATROLS . JUST BEFORE THEY REACHED THE WALL, THEY PLANNED TO SWING WEST IN ORDER TO ENTER THE EAST-WEST AUTOBAHN LEADING TO THE U.S . SECTOR OF THE CITY . EN ROUTE, THE RADIATOR FROZE IN THE SUBZERO WEATHER . THAT FIXED, THEY WERE ONLY A FEW MILES FARTHER WHEN A TIRE BLEW OUT . THE KIDS WERE CRYING AND THE WIVES SHIVERING WITH COLD AND PANIC WHEN, AT LAST, THEY ARRIVED AT DREWITZ, THE MOST HEAVILY GUARDED CHECKPOINT ON THE ENTIRE AUTOBAHN TO BERLIN . IT WAS NO TIME TO STOP AND RECONSIDER . FLYING POTATOES . " WAH-AH, WAH-AH, " SHRIEKED THE POLICE-TYPE KLAXONS THAT WEIDNER HAD THOUGHTFULLY INSTALLED IN ADVANCE . THE COMMUNIST GUARDS OBEDIENTLY RAISED THE FIRST OF THREE BARRIERS . BUT WHAT WAS A BUS DOING ON EMERGENCY DUTY ? SUDDENLY THE SHOOTING BEGAN TOO LATE . WAGNER, AT 40 M.P.H., WAS ALREADY CRASHING THROUGH THE SECOND BARRIER 100 YARDS AHEAD, THEN THE THIRD, ONLY 20 YARDS AWAY . ITS WINDSHIELD SMASHED, ITS PASSENGERS SHAKEN, ITS CARGO OF COAL AND POTATOES IN EVERY CORNER OF THE CAB, THE OLD BUS FINALLY LURCHED TO A STOP A FEW MILES DOWN THE ROAD WHERE THE COMMUNISTS NO LONGER MATTERED AT THE U.S . CHECKPOINT, A FOOT OR TWO INSIDE WEST BERLIN . 
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THE ROAD TO JAIL IS PAVED WITH NONOBJECTIVE ART SINCE THE KREMLIN'S SHARPEST BARBS THESE DAYS ARE AIMED AT MODERN ART AND " WESTERN ESPIONAGE, " IT WAS JUST A MATTER OF TIME BEFORE THE KGB'S COPS WOULD TURN UP A VICTIM WHOSE WRONGDOINGS COMBINED BOTH EVILS . HE TURNED OUT TO BE A LENINGRAD PHYSICS TEACHER WHOSE TASTE FOR ABSTRACT PAINTING ALLEGEDLY LED HIM TO JOIN THE U.S . SPY SERVICE . POLICE SAID THEY FIRST SPOTTED THE TEACHER, ONE RUDOLF FRIEDMAN, AS HE MUTTERED UNCOMPLIMENTARY REMARKS ABOUT SOCIALIST REALISM WHILE STROLLING THROUGH LENINGRAD'S RUSSIAN MUSEUM . A WELL-DRESSED U.S . TOURIST APPROACHED HIM, ENTHUSIASTICALLY SHARED HIS SENTIMENTS, AND PROMISED TO SEND FRIEDMAN REPRODUCTIONS OF AVANT-GARDE PAINTINGS FROM AMERICA . THE PICTURE FRIEDMAN LIKED BEST, SAID THE COPS INDIGNANTLY, WAS A " CHAOS OF BLACK, RED AND BLUE SPLOTCHES CAPTIONED I NEED YOU TONIGHT . " SOON, THEY SAID, THE TEACHER WAS GETTING MESSAGES FROM THE U.S . WRITTEN IN INVISIBLE INK . JUST AS FRIEDMAN PREPARED TO DELIVER INFORMATION " VERY REMOTE FROM THEORETICAL ARGUMENTS ABOUT ABSTRACT ART, " POLICEMOVED IN AND HUSTLED HIM OFF TO JAIL . 
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THE CONGO ROUND 3 ? THE SOUND OF CHRISTMAS IN KATANGA PROVINCE WAS THE THUNK OF MORTAR SHELLS AND THE RATTLE OF MACHINE GUNS . AFTER AN UNEASY TWELVE-MONTH TRUCE BETWEEN U.N . FORCES AND THE TROOPS OF KATANGA'S SECESSIONIST MOISE TSHOMBE, A FEW MINOR INCIDENTS GOT OUT OF HAND, AND FOR THE THIRD TIME SINCE SEPTEMBER 1961 THE PROVINCE WAS IN TURMOIL . BLUE-HELMETED U.N . SOLDIERS SWARMED THROUGH ELISABETHVILLE, SEIZED ROADBLOCKS ON THE HIGHWAYS . SWEDISH U.N . SAAB JETS SWOOPED LOW OVER KATANGA'S AIRFIELD AT KOLWEZI, DESTROYING FOUR PLANES ON THE GROUND AND SETTING OIL TANKS ABLAZE . IN THE FIRST SKIRMISHES, SEVEN U.N . SOLDIERS WERE DEAD . THE FIGHTING BEGAN WITH WHAT ELISABETHVILLE RESIDENTS CALL " L'AFFAIRE SIMBA " A REFERENCE TO SIMBA BEER, THE LOCAL BREW THAT BOTH SIDES GUZZLED ON AND OFF DUTY . AS THE U.N . TOLD IT, BOOZED-UP KATANGESE GENDARMES SUDDENLY OPENED FIRE ON A DETACHMENT OF ETHIOPIAN U.N . TROOPS IN SUBURBAN LUBUMBASHI . AS TSHOMBE DESCRIBED MATTERS, A FEW TIPSY ETHIOPIANS STARTED THE SHOOTING BY SCRAMBLING ATOP A 200-FT . SLAG HEAP OUTSIDE THE BIG UNION MINIERE PLANT AND TAKING POTSHOTS AT THE KATANGESE . FIREWORKS NEXT . IN ANY CASE, KATANGESE SOLDIERS AT A GOLF COURSE ON THE OUTSKIRTS OF ELISABETHVILLE TOOK THE OCCASION TO SHOOT DOWN AN UNARMED U.N . HELICOPTER MOVING OVERHEAD . THEY STONED THE SIX SURVIVING CREWMEN, PUMMELED THEM WITH RIFLE BUTTS ; A 23-YEAR-OLD SIKH LIEUTENANT, WHO LAY HELPLESS WITH A MACHINE GUN SLUG IN THE ABDOMEN, DIED UNATTENDED IN THREE HOURS . INDIAN BRIGADIER REGINALD NORONHA, COMMANDER OF U.N . TROOPS IN KATANGA'S CAPITAL, WAS FURIOUS THIS IS THE LAST TIME, HE SAID . " NEXT TIME THERE ARE GOING TO BE FIREWORKS . " NORONHA DID NOT HAVE LONG TO WAIT . THREE DAYS LATER AN ETHIOPIAN GUARD FIRED A WARNING SHOT AT A KATANGESE SOLDIER WHO WAS APPROACHING HIS POST . UNHURT, THE KATANGESE ROLLED DOWN A HILL IN SEARCH OF COVER, BUT HIS COMRADES THOUGHT HE HAD BEEN HIT AND OPENED FIRE . SOON U.N . POSITIONS AROUND THE CITY WERE UNDER ATTACK . TSHOMBE " AGREED " TO A CEASE-FIRE, BUT HIS 20,000 MEN KEPT RIGHT ON FIGHTING . " THEY ARE MAD, " SAID A RED CROSS OFFICIAL WHO SAW THEM RAMPAGING THROUGH A TOWNSHIP, FIRING AT ANYTHING THAT MOVED . " THEY ARE KILLING THEIR OWN MEN . " THE U.N . CLAIMED TSHOMBE HAD LOST CONTROL OF HIS MEN WHICH GAVE IT AN EXCUSE TO STRIKE BACK . FROM MANHATTAN U.N . HEADQUARTERS, ORDERS WERE FLASHED TO THE 12,000-MAN U.N . FORCE IN KATANGA : " TAKE ALL NECESSARY ACTION IN SELF-DEFENSE AND TO RESTORE ORDER . " SPEARHEADED BY 5,700 TOUGH, BITTER GURKHAS, THE U.N . FORCE METHODICALLY SWEPT DISORGANIZED KATANGESE TROOPS FROM THEIR GUARDPOSTS ON THE ROAD TO NORTHERN RHODESIA . POWER LINES FELL IN THE FRAY, LEAVING SHABBY LITTLE ELISABETHVILLE (POP . 180,000) WITHOUT LIGHT, WATER OR PHONES . SPEARS & ARROWS . NORONHA DEMANDED ONCE MORE THAT TSHOMBE CALL A CEASEFIRE, WARNED THAT UNLESS HE COMPLIED IN 30 MINUTES, " A GENERAL WAR WILL BEGIN . " TSHOMBE REJECTED THE ULTIMATUM, AND THE U.N . WENT OVER TO AN ALL-OUT AIR AND GROUND OFFENSIVE . THE INDIAN BRIGADE STORMED AND CAPTURED THE HEADQUARTERS OF KATANGA'S GENDARMERIE AT KARAVIA, A MILE FROM ELISABETHVILLE, WITH LITTLE RESISTANCE . ANOTHER COLUMN OF TROOPS ADVANCED NORTHWEST TOWARD JADOTVILLE, IN THE HEART OF THE COPPER BELT THAT GIVES TSHOMBE $40 MILLION A YEAR IN REVENUES . U.N . FORCES ANNOUNCED THAT THEY HAD TAKEN OVER ELISABETHVILLE'S POST OFFICE, RADIO STATION AND RAILWAY DEPOT AND HAD OCCUPIED TSHOMBE'S PALACE . AT THE HEIGHT OF THE SHOOTING, TSHOMBE VANISHED INTO HIDING, BUT HE WAS NOT CALLING IT QUITS . " EVERYWHERE, THE U.N . AND ITS TROOPS WILL BE FOUGHT WITH TRAPS, WITH POISONED ARROWS AND SPEARS, " HE SAID IN AN ANGRY STATEMENT THROUGH ONE OF HIS AIDES . " WE WILL RESIST BY ALL MEANS, INCLUDING THE TOTAL DESTRUCTION OF ALL OUR ECONOMIC POTENTIAL . " WAS THIS THE FINAL SHOWDOWN IN THE U.N.'S 2F-YEAR ATTEMPT TO END KATANGA'S SECESSION FROM THE CONGO ? U.N . SPOKESMEN INSISTED THAT IT WAS NOT, BUT SECRETARY-GENERAL U THANT SAYS HE IS CONVINCED THAT UNLESS TSHOMBE IS SUBDUED SOON, PREMIER CYRILLE ADOULA'S CENTRAL GOVERNMENT IN LEOPOLDVILLE WILL COLLAPSE . THE U.S . AGREES, AND THE STATE DEPARTMENT RECENTLY HAS BEEN TALKING UP THE IMMINENT DANGER OF A LEFTIST, SOVIET-BACKED TAKEOVER IN LEOPOLDVILLE . BUT THE BRITISH, WHO SEE KATANGA AS A STABLE BUFFER FOR THE RHODESIAS, WARNED AGAINST THE " FUTILITY OF TRYING TO IMPOSE A POLITICAL SETTLEMENT BY FORCE . " THE FRENCH, WHO, LIKE THE BRITISH, HAVE HEAVY INVESTMENTS IN THE UNION MINIERE, WANT HANDS OFF, AND IN BRUSSELS, 200 BELGIANS DEMONSTRATED THEIR FEELINGS BY MARCHING ON THE U.S . EMBASSY SHOUTING, " DOWN WITH KENNEDY ! 
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TUNISIA DOUBLE JEOPARDY AS A DEDICATED TUNISIAN NATIONALIST, PRESIDENT HABIB BOURGUIBA, 59, IS A POPULAR HERO TO MOST OF THE MILLIONS WHO HAVE FOLLOWED HIM SINCE INDEPENDENCE WAS WON IN 1956 . BUT BOURGUIBA ALSO HAS HIS DEADLY ENEMIES . LAST WEEK A DETERMINED GROUP OF THE LATTER ALMOST SUCCEEDED IN ASSASSINATING TUNISIA'S STOCKY CHIEFTAIN . THE PLOTTERS ACTUALLY MADE TWO ATTEMPTS ON BOURGUIBA'S LIFE . THE FIRST TRY FAILED ON DEC . 15 BECAUSE BOURGUIBA DID NOT SPEND THE NIGHT AT HIS PRESIDENTIAL PALACE AT CARTHAGE, NEAR TUNIS . THE PLOTTERS NEXT LAID THEIR PLANS FOR MIDNIGHT, DEC . 21, AND EVEN BOURGUIBA'S PERSONAL BODYGUARD AGREED TO LEAD THE KILLERS TO THE PRESIDENT'S BEDSIDE . NO REPLACEMENT . A FEW HOURS BEFORE MIDNIGHT, A TUNISIAN ARMY NON-COM BURST IN UPON A DEFENSE MINISTRY OFFICIAL AND BLURTED THE DETAILS OF THE PLOT . THAT NIGHT, AND ON FOLLOWING DAYS, MORE THAN A HUNDRED PLOTTERS WERE JAILED . THEY PROVED TO BE A HANDFUL OF DISSIDENT ARMY OFFICERS AND SOME DISGRUNTLED LANDOWNERS . BUT THE HARD CORE SEEMED TO BE SUPPORTERS OF BOURGUIBA'S OLD FOE, THE LATE SALAH BEN YOUSSEF, WHO LOST A BITTER STRUGGLE FOR CONTROL OF NEO-DESTOUR, TUNISIA'S ONLY POLITICAL PARTY, AND WENT INTO EXILE IN 1955 . WHEN BEN YOUSSEF WAS MURDERED IN WEST GERMANY IN 1961 HIS FOLLOWERS BACK HOME BLAMED BOURGUIBA AGENTS, SWORE VENGEANCE ON TUNISIA'S BOSS HIMSELF . THE PLOTTERS' ONLY PLAN, APPARENTLY, WAS TO SLAY THE PRESIDENT . SAID BOURGUIBA : " AFTER MY DEATH THE COUNTRY WOULD HAVE BEEN IN A STATE OF TOTAL ANARCHY . THE PLOTTERS THOUGHT ONLY OF ELIMINATING ME, NOT REPLACING ME . " CROWDS GATHERED TO HEAR OFFICIAL SPEECHES OF INDIGNATION AT THE ATTEMPT ON BOURGUIBA'S LIFE . THERE SEEMED LITTLE DOUBT THAT HE STILL HELD THE NATION'S BASIC LOYALTY, BUT EVEN HIS CLOSEST FRIENDS WERE CONCERNED AT THE RECENT SIGNS OF UNREST CAUSED BY THREE SUCCESSIVE YEARS OF DROUGHT AND AN UNEMPLOYMENT LEVEL OF 400,000 OUT OF A POPULATIONS OF 4,000,000 . BOURGUIBA IS ALSO AWARE OF THE MUTTERING OF MANY ABOUT THE THREE EXPENSIVE NEW PALACES HE HAS RECENTLY BUILT . THESE " BELONG TO THE STATE, " HE RETORTED IN HIS " I AM ALIVE / SPEECH . HE ADDED WITH SOME BITTERNESS : " THERE IS A TENDENCY TO FORGET THAT I SPENT 30 YEARS IN FRENCH JAILS FOR MY COUNTRY . " KNOCKED HEADS . IN HIS EFFORTS TO RESHAPE TUNISIA AS A MODERN NATION, BOURGUIBA HAS HAD TO KNOCK HEADS TOGETHER . INEVITABLY, SOME ARMY OFFICERS RESENT THE BACKSEAT ROLE HE GIVES THE MILITARY . AND MOSLEM RELIGIOUS LEADERS ARE ANGERED BY HIS ATTEMPT TO ABOLISH THE DAY-LONG FASTS OF THE MONTH OF RAMADAN, AND BY HIS EMANCIPATION OF WOMEN . A U.S .INVESTIGATING COMMITTEE IN 1961 AGREED THAT BOURGUIBA WAS MAKING THE RIGHT MOVES TO SOLVE TUNIS'S ECONOMIC ILLS, BUT WARNED THAT HE MIGHT BE ASKING TOO GREAT SACRIFICES OF HIS PEOPLE . AFTER LAST WEEK'S BRUSH WITH DEATH, BOURGUIBA MAY GO FORWARD A BIT MORE SLOWLY, AND CAN UNDOUBTEDLY DRAW SOME SUPPORT FROM THE FACT THAT LAST MONTH THE U.S . FINALLY AGREED TO GRANT TUNISIA $180 MILLION IN ECONOMIC AID OVER THE NEXT THREE YEARS . 
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KASHMIR TALKING AT LAST THE BRITISH RAJ, WHICH ONCE CONTROLLED INDIA'S NORTHWEST FRONTIER PROVINCE OF KASHMIR, EXACTED A TOKEN ANNUAL TRIBUTE OF TWO KASHMIRI SHAWLS AND THREE HANDKERCHIEFS FROM THE MAHARAJAH . NEVER SINCE HAS THE PRICE OF PEACE BEEN AS SMALL . IN THE YEARS AFTER INDEPENDENCE IN 1947 SPLIT THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT INTO THE SOVEREIGN STATES OF INDIA AND PAKISTAN, THE TWO NATIONS HAVE PAID WITH STRIFE AND BLOODSHED TO ESTABLISH THEIR CONFLICTING CLAIMS OVER THE DISPUTED REGION . LAST WEEK, AFTER 15 YEARS OF BITTER WRANGLING, INDIAN AND PAKISTANI DELEGATES FINALLY MET IN THE PAKISTAN CAPITAL OF RAWALPINDI TO SEEK A SOLUTION TO THE KASHMIR PROBLEM . THE DISPUTED LAND IS THE SIZE OF MINNESOTA, LAKES AND ALL . IT FALLS FROM THE WINDWHIPPED MOUNTAINS OF GILGIT AND LADAKH IN THE NORTH TO THE IDYLLIC VALE OF KASHMIR . IN THE HIMALAYAS, PRIMITIVE MOUNTAIN TRIBESMEN KEEP HERDS OF GRACEFUL, SURE-FOOTED KASHMIR GOATS, WHOSE SOFT FLEECE BECOMES THE CASHMERE OF FIFTH AVENUE AND REGENT STREET ; THE COOL LAKES NEAR KASHMIR'S CAPITAL CITY OF SRINAGAR ARE DOTTED WITH THE ELEGANT HOUSEBOATS OF WEALTHY INDIANS . VOW FORGOTTEN . AT THE TIME OF PARTITION, KASHMIR, LIKE ALL OF INDIA'S 562 PRINCELY STATES, WAS GIVEN THE CHOICE OF JOINING EITHER PAKISTAN OR INDIA . THE FACT THAT 77 PER CENT OF KASHMIR'S 4,200,000 PEOPLE WERE MOSLEM POINTED TO CONTROL BY MOSLEM PAKISTAN . BUT THOUGH HE HAD SIGNED PRELIMINARY TRADE AND ADMINISTRATIVE AGREEMENTS WITH PAKISTAN, KASHMIR'S HINDU MAHARAJAH BEGAN TO HEDGE . ANGERED BY HIS FAILURE TO ACCEDE TO PAKISTAN, HORDES OF PAKISTANI " VOLUNTEERS " SWEPT INTO KASHMIR TO ESTABLISH PAKISTAN'S CLAIM TO THE LAND . IN TERROR, THE HINDU RULER OPTED TO JOIN INDIA, APPEALED FOR IMMEDIATE MILITARY AID . INDIA WAS HAPPY TO RESPOND, AIRLIFTED TROOPS INTO KASHMIR TO FORTIFY ITS OWN CLAIM . THUS BEGAN A FULL-SCALE WAR IN KASHMIR . INDIA WENT TO THE UNITED NATIONS FOR RELIEF . IN 1949 THE U.N . DEMARCATED A CEASE-FIRE LINE THAT GAVE INDIA THE RICHEST TWO-THIRDS OF KASHMIR, INCLUDING MOST OF LADAKH, THE VALE, AND THE PREDOMINANTLY HINDU AREA OF JAMMU . BUT INDIA'S PRIME MINISTER JAWAHARLAL NEHRU HAD PLEDGED THAT " THE FATE OF KASHMIR MUST ULTIMATELY BE DECIDED BY ITS PEOPLE . " DECLARED NEHRU : " WE ARE PREPARED, WHEN PEACE, LAW AND ORDER HAVE BEEN ESTABLISHED, TO HAVE A REFERENDUM UNDER SOME INTERNATIONAL AUSPICES LIKE THE U.N . " NEHRU SOON FORGOT THAT VOW, FOR IT BECAME OBVIOUS THAT KASHMIR WOULD VOTE EITHER FOR INDEPENDENCE OR ACCESSION TO PAKISTAN . INDIAN KASHMIR'S MOSLEM RULER, SHEIK MOHAMMED ABDULLAH, AN OLD FRIEND OF NEHRU'S AND A FIERY KASHMIRI NATIONALIST, CONFUSED THINGS BY STARTING TO PROMOTE A LOCAL INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT . INDIA CLAPPED SHEIK ABDULLAH INTO JAIL IN 1953 AND INTRODUCED A SERIES OF REPRESSIVE MEASURES TO HALT OTHER NATIONALIST OR PROPAKISTAN MOVEMENTS . EXCEPT FOR THREE MONTHS IN 1958, SHEIK ABDULLAH HAS LANGUISHED IN PRISON EVER SINCE, WAS LAST WEEK ON TRIAL ON CHARGES OF CONSPIRACY TO OVERTHROW THE GOVERNMENT . NUDGE FROM THE NORTH . THE IMPRISONMENT OF SHEIK ABDULLAH SYMBOLIZED ALL OF PAKISTAN'S DEEP DISTRUST OF NEHRU . DESPITE HIS OUTWARD DEVOTION TO THE U.N., NO AMOUNT OF U.N . PRESSURE COULD BRING NEHRU TO THE BARGAINING TABLE WITH PAKISTAN OVER KASHMIR . BUT WHEN RED CHINA THRUST DEEP INTO INDIA'S HIMALAYAN BORDERLAND LAST OCTOBER, NEHRU RELUCTANTLY YIELDED TO THE INSISTENT ENVOYS OF THE U.S . AND BRITAIN WHO SUGGESTED THAT UNLESS INDIA AND PAKISTAN SETTLED THEIR DIFFERENCES, THERE WOULD BE LITTLE HOPE OF DEFENDING THE SUBCONTINENT AGAINST CHINESE AGGRESSION . HOTHEADED EXTREMISTS IN BOTH COUNTRIES OPPOSED THE IDEA OF TALKS . KASHMIR IS NOT FOR SALE, SCREAMED AN INDIAN HEADLINE ; IN PAKISTAN'S NATIONAL ASSEMBLY, POLITICIANS ARGUED THAT COMMUNISM WAS FAR LESS AN EVIL THAN " HINDU DOMINATION . " WHERE WAS THE ROOM FOR NEGOTIATION ? OFFICIALLY PAKISTAN MAINTAINED THAT AN OVERALL PLEBISCITE IS THE ONLY SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM . BUT PRIVATELY PAKISTAN HAS FALLBACK POSITIONS, IS WILLING TO HOLD REGIONAL REFERENDUMS THAT WOULD GIVE INDIA BOTH JAMMU AND LADAKH . THE REAL ISSUE, HOWEVER, WAS KASHMIR'S VALE . PAKISTAN SEEMED AGREEABLE TO THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF THE IMPORTANT REGION . NEHRU, HOWEVER, FEARED THAT SECESSION OF ANY PART OF KASHMIR WOULD ENCOURAGE SEPARATIST MOVEMENTS IN OTHER INDIAN STATES WITH STRONG NATIONALIST TENDENCIES . NEVERTHELESS, INDIAN OFFICIALS SHOWED UP IN RAWALPINDI FOR THE START OF NEGOTIATIONS LAST WEEK . THEY WERE PREPARED FOR ALMOST ANY SURPRISE BUT THE ONE THAT ACTUALLY ARRIVED . ON THE EVE OF THE CONFERENCE, PAKISTAN SUDDENLY ANNOUNCED AN AGREEMENT " IN PRINCIPLE " WITH RED CHINA FOR A COMPLETE SETTLEMENT OF THEIR MUTUAL BORDER DIFFERENCES . TO THE INDIANS IT WAS A STUNNING BLOW, FOR IT SEEMED THAT THE PAKISTANIS WERE DELIBERATELY USING THE CHINESE BOGEYMAN TO BLACKMAIL THEM INTO YIELDING BETTER TERMS ON THE KASHMIR QUESTION . AFTER TWO DAYS OF NO PROGRESS, THE RAWALPINDI TALKS WERE ADJOURNED FOR THREE WEEKS . 
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RED CHINA FIXING FRONTIERS RED CHINA PRODUCED A SECOND SURPRISE LAST WEEK . AT PEKING AIRPORT, PREMIER CHOU EN-LAI WELCOMED OUTER MONGOLIA'S PREMIER YUMZHAGIIN TSEDENBAL, 46, WHO IS NORMALLY REGARDED AS A RUSSIAN PUPPET . WHISKED OFF IN A BLACK, SOVIET-MADE LIMOUSINE AMONG CROWDS DUTIFULLY WAVING CHINESE AND MONGOLIAN FLAGS, TSEDENBAL WAS PUT THROUGH THE USUAL ROUTINE OF TOASTS, BANQUETS AND FULSOME SPEECHES . THEN, ON THE SAME DAY THAT RED CHINA ANNOUNCED PLANS TO DEFINE ITS BORDERS WITH PAKISTAN, TSEDENBAL AND CHOU EN-LAI SIGNED A TREATY FIXING THE 2,500-MILE FRONTIER BETWEEN THEIR TWO COUNTRIES . IT WAS ANOTHER LITTLE LESSON AIMED AT DELHI . AT THE FAREWELL BANQUET FOR TSEDENBAL, PREMIER CHOU EN-LAI SMOOTHLY NOTED THAT RED CHINA HAD NOW SOLVED ITS BORDER PROBLEMS ON THE BASIS OF " PEACEFUL COEXISTENCE " WITH BURMA, NEPAL, PAKISTAN AND OUTER MONGOLIA, MAKING THE POINT THAT ONLY TWO NEIGHBORS NOW REMAIN WITH WHOM CHINA HAS NOT MADE A BORDER ADJUSTMENT : INDIA AND THE SOVIET UNION . 
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GREAT BRITAIN THE KING'S WORD THE NAZI DUKE OF COBURG MADE SEVERAL VISITS DURING THE MID-1930S TO HIS SECOND COUSIN, BRITAIN'S NEW KING EDWARD VIII . ONCE, THE ROYAL COUSINS CHATTED " WITH PIPE AT THE FIRESIDE " IN WINDSOR CASTLE, ANOTHER TIME AT TEA IN BUCKINGHAM PALACE WITH MARY, THE QUEEN MOTHER . THE TALKS ROUSED LITTLE INTEREST AT THE TIME, AND WERE SOON OVERSHADOWED BY THE MELODRAMA OF EDWARD'S ABDICATION IN ORDER TO MARRY " THE WOMAN I LOVE " THE TWICE-DIVORCED AMERICAN SOCIALITE, WALLIS WARFIELD SIMPSON . SINCE THEN, THE DUKE AND DUCHESS OF WINDSOR, GROWING PALER AND FRAILER WITH THE PASSAGE OF YEARS, HAVE DRIFTED FROM PORTUGAL TO THE WEST INDIES, FROM MANHATTAN TO PARIS . THEIR PASTIMES HAVE BEEN THE TRIFLING ONES OF SHOWING UP AT BALLS, GROWING ROSES . IS KING HERE ? " BUT LAST WEEK THE LONG-FORGOTTEN CHATS OF THE DUKE OF COBURG WERE MAKING HEADLINES IN LONDON NEWSPAPERS AS THE GERMAN ARISTOCRAT WAS ALSO REVEALED AS A SPECIAL EMISSARY SENT BY HITLER TO BRITAIN BECAUSE OF HIS FAMILIAL CONNECTIONS WITH THE ROYAL FAMILY . THE REVELATIONS APPEARED IN THE LATEST BATCH OF CAPTURED NAZI DOCUMENTS PUBLISHED JOINTLY LAST WEEK BY THE BRITISH, FRENCH AND U.S . GOVERNMENTS . COBURG'S " STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL " REPORT WAS ADDRESSED " ONLY FOR THE FUHRER AND PARTY MEMBER V . RIBBENTROP (NO COPY), " AND SAID OF EDWARD VIII THAT " FOR HIM A GERMAN-BRITISH ALLIANCE IS AN URGENT NECESSITY AND A GUIDING PRINCIPLE OF BRITISH FOREIGN POLICY . " COBURG EAGERLY SUGGESTED THAT DISCUSSIONS ABOUT FUTURE RELATIONS BE HELD BETWEEN HITLER AND BRITAIN'S PRIME MINISTER STANLEY BALDWIN . THE KING, SAID COBURG, " REPLIED IN THE FOLLOWING WORDS : " WHO IS KING HERE, BALDWIN OR I ? I, MYSELF, WISH TO TALK TO HITLER AND WILL DO SO HERE OR IN GERMANY . TELL HIM THAT, PLEASE . " BRITAIN'S INTERESTS . THE CHARGE OF PROGERMAN SYMPATHIES HAS OFTEN BEEN MADE AGAINST THE GERMAN-DESCENDED DUKE OF WINDSOR, MOST NOTABLY AFTER THE PUBLICATION OF OTHER CAPTURED NAZI DOCUMENTS FIVE YEARS AGO . THE LONDON DAILY EXPRESS DISMISSED THE LATE DUKE OF COBURG'S ACCOUNT AS HAVING NO VALUE AS EVIDENCE BECAUSE " HE WAS A NAZI, SPREADING NEWS HE KNEW WOULD BE WELCOME IN BERLIN . " BUT THE DAILY MIRROR'S COLUMNIST CASSANDRA SEEMED CONVINCED OF WINDSOR'S " CLOSE AND CORDIAL RELATIONSHIPS WITH THE NAZI REGIME . " AT WEEK'S END THE DUKE OF WINDSOR, NOW 68, DENIED MOST BUT NOT ALL OF THE PUBLISHED REPORTS . " THEY GIVE A GENERALLY FALSE IMPRESSION, " HE DECLARED IN A STATEMENT ISSUED BY HIS SECRETARY IN FRANCE, ADDING : " IT MUST BE REMEMBERED THAT THE DUKE, WITH THE MAJORITY OF THE PEOPLE WHO HAD THE INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN AT HEART, WAS STRIVING FOR SOME UNDERSTANDING WITH GERMANY . 
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EGYPT UP THE REBELS IT WAS VICTORY DAY IN PORT SAID, SIX YEARS EXACTLY SINCE THE LAST BRITISH SOLDIER LEFT SUEZ . THERE TO CELEBRATE THE OCCASION WAS EGYPT'S PRESIDENT GAMAL ABDEL NASSER . AS 20,000 EGYPTIANS CHEERED, NASSER CALLED THE BRITISH FROM QUEEN TO COMMONOR " SONS OF BITCHES, " SNEERED AT HIS CRITICS, AND RIDICULED AS A PAIR OF " NUTS " JORDAN'S KING HUSSEIN AND SAUDI ARABIA'S KING SAUD BECAUSE THEY OPPOSE EGYPT'S MILITARY VENTURE IN YEMEN, WHERE NASSER SUPPORTS THE REBEL ABDULLAH SALLAL . " BROTHERS ! " CRIED NASSER . " THIS IS NOT THE YEMENI PEOPLE'S BATTLE . IT IS OUR BATTLE, BECAUSE THE MORE PEOPLE WE CAN WIN OVER FROM IMPERIALISM AND REACTION, THE MORE OUR POWER IS INCREASED . REVOLUTION WILL SOON TRIUMPH EVERYWHERE AGAINST REACTION ! " NASSER PROMISED THAT ISRAEL'S TURN WOULD COME AS SOON AS " WE GET RID OF SAUD AND HUSSEIN, WHO CONSPIRE WITH ZIONISM AND IMPERIALISM TO PRESERVE THEIR OWN THRONES AND FORTUNES . NASSER PROUDLY WATCHED A PARADE OF EGYPTIAN MIGHT 60 NEW SOVIET-BUILT 5-54 TANKS, ANTIAIRCRAFT DETACHMENTS, BATTERIES OF TACTICAL ROCKETS, AND DISMISSED REPORTS THAT MORE THAN 10,000 EGYPTIANS HAD BEEN LOST IN THE YEMEN CAMPAIGN, INSISTED THAT THE ACTUAL NUMBER OF EGYPTIAN DEAD WAS ONLY 136 . WASHINGTON WAS WRONG IF IT THOUGHT THAT NASSER WOULD WITHDRAW EGYPTIAN FORCES AND LEAVE THE AREA IN PEACE IN EXCHANGE FOR U.S . DIPLOMATIC RECOGNITION OF YEMEN'S REVOLUTIONARY REGIME . INSTEAD, NASSER MADE IT CLEAR AT PORT SAID THAT HE PLANS TO STAY IN YEMEN, THE BETTER TO EXPORT REVOLUTION INTO THE BRITISH-PROTECTED STATES RANGING FROM KUWAIT IN THE NORTH OF THE ARABIAN PENINSULA TO ADEN IN THE SOUTH AS WELL AS TO SYRIA, JORDAN AND SAUDI ARABIA . 
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THE CONGO THE U.N . DRIVES IMPLACABLY AHEAD BELGIAN CEMENT WORKER ALBERT VERBRUGGHE WAS DRIVING HIS WIFE AND ANOTHER WOMAN DOWN A QUIET STREET IN THE COPPER TOWN OF JADOTVILLE ONE DAY LAST WEEK, WHEN HE SUDDENLY HEARD THE CLATTER OF GUNFIRE . PULLING THE TRIGGERS FOR NO APPARENT REASON WERE NERVOUS INDIAN TROOPS OF THE ADVANCING UNITED NATIONS FORCE . VERBRUGGHE SLAMMED HIS LITTLE VOLKSWAGEN TO A HALT . HIS WIFE WAS ALREADY DEAD, THE OTHER WOMAN DYING . WITH AN ANGUISHED SCREAM, VERBRUGGHE STUMBLED OUT, BLOOD STREAMING FROM A WOUND UNDER HIS EYE . " MY WIFE IS KILLED, " HE CRIED . " WHY, WHY, WHY ? " THE SAME QUESTION, IN A LARGER CONTEXT, WAS BEING ASKED IN MANY CAPITALS LAST WEEK . FOR THE THIRD TIME IN 15 MONTHS, THE WORLD WAS HORRIFIED WITNESS TO THE SPECTACLE OF FOREIGN SOLDIERS, AIDED BY THE U.S., SEIZING THE TOWNS AND FIRING ON NATIVE SOLDIERS OF THE CONGO . TO MANY, THE U.N.'S VERY PRESENCE IN THE AFRICAN LAND WAS OF DOUBTFUL WISDOM . BUT IN ANY CASE, THE BLAZING GUNS AND SWOOPING PLANES OF THE U.N . HARDLY FITTED THE PACIFYING INTENT OF ITS ORIGINAL CONGO MANDATE . " IT IS AN UNSPEAKABLE TRAGEDY, " SAID CONNECTICUT'S DEMOCRATIC SENATOR THOMAS DODD, " THAT THE WORLD ORGANIZATION WHICH WAS SET UP TO PREVENT WAR AND PRESERVE THE PEACE SHOULD BE STARTING WARS . " IN LONDON, 90 TORY M.P.S ACCUSED THE U.N . OF ACTING " CONTRARY TO ITS OWN CHARTER . " EVEN PRESIDENT KENNEDY, WHO LAST WEEK ORDERED THE U.S . TO BEGIN SHIPPING 2F-TON TRUCKS, ARMORED CARS AND TRANSPORT PLANES TO THE U.N . CONGO FORCE, WAS REPORTED TO BE ALARMED AT THE DISORDER THAT AROSE FROM THE U.N . SHOOTING . ON TO JADOTVILLE . BUT THERE WAS NO TURNING BACK ON THE BASIC DECISION THAT HAD BEEN MADE . KATANGA'S SECESSIONIST PRESIDENT MOISE TSHOMBE HAD USED EVERY SLY TRICK IN THE BOOK TO FRUSTRATE EFFORTS TO REUNITE HIS REBELLIOUS, COPPERRICH PROVINCE WITH THE REST OF THE CONGO . NOW, U.N . SECRETARY-GENERAL U THANT, WITH U.S . ENCOURAGEMENT, WAS DETERMINED TO END THE KATANGA PROBLEM ONCE AND FOR ALL . THE OCCASION HAPPENED TO BE THE COLLAPSE OF DISCIPLINE AMONG TSHOMBE'S BOOZY, RAGTAG 20,000-MAN GENDARMERIE . WHEN THEY BEGAN SHOOTING AT U.N . SOLDIERS IN KATANGA A FORTNIGHT AGO, THE U.N . REPLIED WITH ALL THE POWER AT ITS COMMAND . LAST WEEK IRISH INFANTRYMEN MARCHED INTO KIPUSHI, SITE OF COPPER MINES AT THE RHODESIAN BORDER . ETHIOPIAN U.N TROOPS ALREADY OCCUPIED ELISABETHVILLE ITSELF . BUT THE BIG PRIZE WAS JADOTVILLE, A TOWN OF 90,000, WHERE THE GIANT UNION MINIERE MINERAL OUTFIT PRODUCES ONE-THIRD OF ITS COPPER (110,000 TONS) AND THREE-FOURTHS OF ITS COBALT (6,600 TONS) EACH YEAR . TOWARD JADOTVILLE, 70 MILES FROM ELISABETHVILLE, MOVED A TWO-MILE-LONG COLUMN OF INDIANS COMMANDED BY BRIGADIER REGINALD NORONHA, A GUTTY SOLDIER WHO MUNCHED HARDBOILED EGGS WHILE MORTAR SHELLS BURST AROUND HIM . WEAPONS AFLOAT . ALARMED AT THE PROSPECT OF DAMAGE TO MINE INSTALLATIONS IN WHICH BOTH BRITAIN AND BELGIUM HAD HEAVY INVESTMENTS, BRITISH U.N . AMBASSADOR SIR PATRICK DEAN AND BELGIUM'S WALTER LORIDAN DEMANDED ASSURANCES FROM THANT THAT THE U.N . FORCES WOULD GO NO FARTHER . THANT ASSURED THEM THAT THEY HAD HALTED AT THE LUFIRA RIVER . THAT WAS CORRECT, UP TO A POINT . WITH THREE BRIDGES DOWN, THE INDIANS STOPPED AT THE LUFIRA ALL RIGHT, BUT ONLY LONG ENOUGH TO RIG ROPES AND PULLEYS TO A SWIMMING FLOAT AND FERRY 120-MM . MORTARS, RECOILLESS RIFLES AND JEEPS ACROSS THE STREAM . NORONHA HAD NO ORDERS TO TAKE JADOTVILLE BUT THEN AGAIN, HE HAD NO ORDERS NOT TO SO HE KEPT ON GOING . UNOPPOSED, THE INDIANS TROOPED INTO JADOTVILLE WITH NORONHA HIMSELF HEADING A COLUMN OF JEEPS . THINGS WERE GOING LESS SMOOTHLY BACK AT U.N . HEADQUARTERS IN MANHATTAN . CONVINCED THAT THANT HAD DECEIVED THEM ABOUT JADOTVILLE, BELGIAN AND BRITISH DIPLOMATS WANTED TO KNOW WHAT HAD HAPPENED . THANT INTIMATED THAT HIS AIDES IN THE CONGO HAD EXCEEDED THEIR ORDERS . " THERE OCCURRED A SERIOUS BREAKDOWN, " A SPOKESMAN SAID, " IN EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION AND COORDINATION BETWEEN THE U.N . HEADQUARTERS AND THE LEOPOLDVILLE OFFICE . " OFF TO LEOPOLDVILLE " TO DETERMINE THE CAUSE OF THIS LAPSE AND TO ENSURE IT WILL NOT RECUR " FLEW U.N . UNDER SECRETARY RALPH BUNCHE . BUT ONCE THERE, BUNCHE ANNOUNCED THAT THE U.N . STILL WANTED " FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT " THROUGHOUT ALL OF KATANGA, AND ADDED : " THE TASK 
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SOUTH VIET NAM THE HELICOPTER WAR RUNS INTO TROUBLE THE HELICOPTER HAS REVOLUTIONIZED THE UGLY LITTLE ANTI-COMMUNIST WAR IN SOUTH VIET NAM . USING THE WHIRLYBIRDS FOR TRANSPORT, GOVERNMENT FORCES NO LONGER REMAIN IMMOBILE IN FIXED OUTPOSTS . THEY NOW GO WHERE THE VIET CONG GOES . SOMETIMES THIS IS NOT VERY HEALTHY, FOR THE RED GUERRILLAS HAVE DEVELOPED TACTICS TO COUNTER THE COPTERS . IN THE EARLY DAYS, THEY TRIED TO SHOOT THEM DOWN WITH HOMEMADE SHOTGUNS AND ANCIENT FRENCH RIFLES ; ONE HELICOPTER EVEN RETURNED TO BASE WITH AN ARROW STUCK IN ITS FUSELAGE . TODAY, WITH MORE PRACTICE AND AN ABUNDANT SUPPLY OF CAPTURED U.S . WEAPONS, THE VIET CONG GANGMEN CAN MAKE THINGS HOT FOR THE MOST SKILLED U.S . HELICOPTER PILOT . LAST WEEK THE VIET CONG FORCES PROVED THEIR PROWESS BY SHOOTING DOWN FIVE HELICOPTERS OVER RICE MARSHES SOUTHWEST OF SAIGON AND INFLICTING A BRUTAL DEFEAT ON THE GOVERNMENT FORCES . LIKE SHOOTING DUCKS . THE BATTLE BEGAN AS A ROUTINE / SEARCH AND CLEAR " OPERATION IN A RED-INFESTED AREA NEAR THE TINY HAMLET OF APBAC . THE STRIKE PLAN CALLED FOR TEN U.S . H-21 TROOP-CARRYING HELICOPTERS, ESCORTED BY FIVE U.S . ROCKET-FIRING HU-1A CHOPPERS, TO FERRY 400 GOVERNMENT TROOPS TO THE DROP ZONE IN WAVES OF 100 MEN EACH . THE FIRST THREE GROUPS LANDED WITH NO GROUND FIRE FROM THE ENEMY . BUT AS THE FOURTH LIFT FLUTTERED OVER THE PADDIES, THE COMMUNISTS LET LOOSE WITH A BLAZE OF BULLETS FROM THE WOODS AT THE EDGE OF THE RICE FIELD . " THE TREE LINE SEEMED TO EXPLODE WITH MACHINE-GUN FIRE, " SAID ONE HELICOPTER PILOT . " IT WAS PURE HELL . " VIRTUALLY MOTIONLESS, THE BANANA-SHAPED HELICOPTERS WERE HELPLESS TARGETS AT POINT-BLANK RANGE ; FIVE OF THE HOVERING CHOPPERS WERE SHOT DOWN, AND NINE OTHERS WERE RIDDLED BY ENEMY FIRE . ON THE GROUND, THE GOVERNMENT FORCES WERE PINNED DOWN IN THE HAIL OF FIRE . " WHEN THOSE POOR VIETNAMESE CAME OUT OF THE CHOPPERS, IT WAS LIKE SHOOTING DUCKS FOR THE VIET CONG, " SAID ONE U.S . OFFICER . THE STUNNED SURVIVORS BURROWED INTO THE SLIMY MUD OF THE PADDIES AND STAYED THERE, REFUSING TO CONTINUE THE ASSAULT . DESPERATELY CAPTAIN KENNETH GOOD, 32, A WEST POINTER FROM EWA BEACH, HAWAII, SOUGHT TO RALLY THE VIETNAMESE FOR A COUNTERATTACK, BUT HE WAS STITCHED THROUGH THE NECK AND CHEST BY A BURST FROM A VIET CONG AUTOMATIC RIFLE . THE GOVERNMENT TROOPS STAYED PUT . AFTER EIGHT HOURS OF CONTINUOUS BOMBARDMENT, REINFORCEMENTS BEGAN TO ARRIVE . BLASTING AWAY WITH MACHINE GUNS, GOVERNMENT ARMORED CARS REPEATEDLY ATTACKED THE ENTRENCHED VIET CONG POSITIONS AT THE TREE LINE AND ALONG A CANAL BORDERING THE PADDIES ; EACH TIME THEY WERE DRIVEN BACK . OVERHEAD, GOVERNMENT PLANES POUNDED THE VIET CONG WITH BOMBS AND NAPALM, BUT THE COMMUNISTS DID NOT BREAK . " MY GOD, WE GOT A FIX ON ONE MACHINE-GUN POSITION AND MADE 15 AERIAL RUNS ON IT, " SAID A U.S . ADVISER . " EVERY TIME WE THOUGHT WE HAD HIM, AND EVERY TIME THAT DAMNED GUNNER CAME RIGHT BACK UP, FIRING . " THE OPEN WALLET . AS DUSK FELL, THE VIET CONG SLIPPED INTO SAMPANS AND ESCAPED DOWN THE DARKENED CANAL WITH THEIR DEAD AND WOUNDED . " EVERYTHING WE DID WENT WRONG, " COMPLAINED A U.S . ADVISER . A BATTALION OF GOVERNMENT PARATROOPERS, ASSIGNED THE JOB OF BLOCKING THE REDS' ESCAPE ROUTE, WAS AIRDROPPED INTO THE WRONG POSITION . AND WHEN GOVERNMENT ARTILLERY AT LAST STARTED TO SHELL THE WOODED VIET CONG POSITIONS, THEIR ROUNDS WERE ZEROED IN ON THEIR OWN TROOPS, KILLED THREE OF THEIR OWN MEN . WORST OF ALL, THE BATTERED VIETNAMESE TROOPS SHOWED LITTLE INTEREST IN PURSUING THE REDS . INSTEAD, THEY SLOSHED THROUGH THE PADDYFIELDS, PICKING UP THEIR CASUALTIES 68 DEAD AND 100 WOUNDED AND POKING THROUGH THE DOWNED HELICOPTERS . ON THE CABIN FLOOR OF ONE OF THE CHOPPERS LAY THE WALLET OF A DEAD U.S . ADVISER OPEN TO A PICTURE OF HIS WIFE AND CHILD . IN ALL, THREE U.S . ADVISERS CAPTAIN GOOD, SERGEANT WILLIAM DEAL OF MAYS LANDING, N.J., AND SPECIALIST 4 DONALD BRAMAN OF RADCLIFF, KY . WERE KILLED IN THE AMBUSH, AND SIX MORE WOUNDED . THE DEAD BROUGHT TO 56 THE NUMBER OF U.S . TROOPS KILLED SO FAR IN SOUTH VIET NAM . PIECEMEALED TO DEATH . THE EXTENT OF THE GOVERNMENT DEFEAT UNDER CONDITIONS OF ITS OWN CHOOSING AND THE HEAVY LOSSES SUFFERED BY THE U.S . HELICOPTERS CAUSED HEADS TO SNAP FROM SAIGON TO WASHINGTON . UNDER ORDERS FROM PRESIDENT KENNEDY, THE PENTAGON BEGAN TO INVESTIGATE WAYS IN WHICH THE CHOPPERS CAN BE BETTER PROTECTED . IN SAIGON, U.S . ADVISERS ADMITTED THAT THE DAY WAS A " MISERABLE PERFORMANCE, " BLAMED THE DEFEAT ON A " LACK OF AGGRESSIVENESS " BY GOVERNMENT TROOPS . " THEY MOVED IN SLOWLY AND GAVE THE VIET CONG A CHANCE TO PIECEMEAL THEM TO DEATH, " SAID ONE AMERICAN OFFICER . STILL, U.S . ADVISERS ARE PLEASED WITH THE PROGRESS MADE BY GOVERNMENT TROOPS OVER THE PAST YEAR . " CASUALTIES ARE INEVITABLE WHEN YOU ARE FIGHTING A WAR, " SAID ONE . " THE VIET CONG ARE IMPROVING THEIR ARSENAL AND TECHNIQUES . WE'RE DOING THE SAME AND ON BALANCE WE'RE STILL WAY OUT AHEAD OF THEM . 
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EUROPE THE SNOW BLITZ A HOWLING GALE FROM THE ARCTIC ICEBOX COLLIDED OVER WESTERN EUROPE WITH WARM, MOIST WINDS FROM THE MEDITERRANEAN . THE RESULT : THE MOST SAVAGE WINTER STORMS OF THE CENTURY . AN AUSTRIAN EXPRESS TRAIN BOUND FROM VIENNA TO PARIS GOT SO THOROUGHLY LOST IN THE BLIZZARD THAT IT ENDED UP IN MUNICH . A YUGOSLAV TRAIN REACHED ITS DESTINATION MINUS ITS LAST FIVE CARS ; THEY HAD BLOWN OFF EN ROUTE . EVEN SUCH SOUTHERN CITIES AS MARSEILLE AND BARCELONA WERE BLANKETED WITH SNOW . TEMPERATURES FELL SO LOW IN SWITZERLAND THAT THE HARDY MONKS AND TRUSTY DOGS OF ST . BERNARD RETREATED TO THE VALLEY FROM THEIR ALPINE MONASTERY . TEN FRENCH VILLAGES ALONG THE ENGLISH CHANNEL WERE ISOLATED FOR DAYS, AND INHABITANTS RAN OUT OF BREAD, MEAT AND COAL . ROADS IN NORTHERN FRANCE BECAME LITERALLY PATHS OF ICE, AND A MAN COULD HAVE SKATED 100 MILES FROM BOULOGNE TO BEAUVAIS . AS RIVERS AND CANALS FROZE IN THE NETHERLANDS, DROVES OF ICE SKATERS TURNED OUT, AND 50 DROWNED IN A SINGLE DAY . IN SOME PLACES ALONG EUROPE'S BALTIC COAST, THE SEA ITSELF WAS TURNING TO ICE . BRITAIN WAS HIT EVEN MORE SAVAGELY THAN THE CONTINENT . SOME 95,000 MILES OF HIGHWAYS WERE COMPLETELY OUT OF SERVICE . EIGHT-FOOT DRIFTS BLOCKED THE MAIN ROAD FROM LONDON TO PORTSMOUTH, AND NEAR WEYMOUTH, BELATED RESCUERS DUG DOWN TO A SNOW-BURIED CAR, FOUND TWO DEAD AND THREE NEARLY SMOTHERED TRAVELERS . HELICOPTERS IN DORSET SAVED 71 TRAPPED BUS PASSENGERS, INCLUDING A MONTH-OLD BABY SHELTERED IN A CARDBOARD BOX . ASIAN GURKHA TROOPS WERE CALLED OUT FROM ARMY CAMPS TO RESCUE STRANDED OLD-AGE PENSIONERS IN WILTSHIRE . ONE RESULT OF THE WEATHER WAS LONDON'S QUIETEST NEW YEAR'S EVE IN RECENT MEMORY . ONLY A FEW HARDY SOULS GATHERED IN PICCADILLY CIRCUS FOR THE TRADITIONAL SINGING OF AULD LANG SYNE . THERE WERE 162 ARRESTS, MOSTLY FOR THROWING SNOWBALLS AT POLICEMEN . A DAILY HERALD COLUMNIST DISCOVERED ANOTHER SOCIAL EFFECT OF THE SNOW BLITZ . IN MOCK HORROR, HE REPORTED THAT " FIVE TOTAL STRANGERS TALKED TO ME IN THE BLIZZARD ON THE STATION PLATFORM . 
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SPAIN MORE NEWS, MORE MONEY SPANIARDS WHO TUNED IN ON NEWS BROADCASTS LAST WEEK GOT THE SURPRISE OF A QUARTER-CENTURY . SINCE FRANCISCO FRANCO INSTALLED HIMSELF AS SPAIN'S DICTATOR IN 1938, EVERY NEWSCAST HAD UNFAILINGLY ENDED WITH A PONDEROUS SALUTE TO HIS FALANGIST PARTY AND A MARTIAL RENDITION OF THE FALANGIST ANTHEM . LAST WEEK, FOR THE FIRST TIME, NEWS BULLETINS ENDED INSTEAD WITH A PLEASANT FEMININE VOICE BIDDING SENORES Y SENORAS GOOD DAY, FOLLOWED BY A FEW BARS OF A CATCH PASO DOBLE . IN SLOW-MOVING SPAIN, CHANGE OF ANY KIND IS RARE AND RELUCTANT . YET, ALMOST IMPERCEPTIBLY THE REGIME IS BEGINNING TO RELAX ITS IRON GRIP ON SOCIETY . SINCE HIS APPOINTMENT AS FRANCO'S INFORMATION MINISTER LAST JULY, MANUEL FRAGA IRIBARNE, 40, HAS BOOSTED THE DAILY RATION OF RADIO NEWS FROM FOUR TO 18 BROADCASTS A DAY AND FOR THE FIRST TIME ALLOWED SPANISH LISTENERS A COMPARATIVELY BROAD SAMPLING OF WORLD EVENTS . TALE OF PASIONARIA . PRESS CENSORSHIP ALSO HAS MELLOWED MARKEDLY . NEWSPAPERS ARE NO LONGER GIVEN THE OLD-STYLE DAILY INSTRUCCIONES THAT LAID DOWN WHAT STORIES THEY COULD RUN AND EVEN DICTATED HOW THEY SHOULD BE LAID OUT . THOUGH THE COUNTRY'S BIGGEST DAILIES IN MADRID AND BARCELONA ARE STILL SUBJECT TO CENSORSHIP, ONLY 15 STORIES HAVE BEEN DOCTORED BY GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS SINCE FRAGA TOOK OVER, AND NO FOREIGN PUBLICATIONS HAVE BEEN SEIZED FOR POLITICAL REASONS.* IN OTHER CITIES, PAPERS NO LONGER ARE REQUIRED TO SHOW GALLEY PROOFS TO THE CENSORS BEFORE GOING TO PRESS . ONE WEEKLY IS ACTUALLY SERIALIZING THE MEMOIRS OF DOLORES IBARRURI, THE FABLED LA PASIONARIA OF CIVIL WAR DAYS, WHO IS QUEEN BEE OF SPAIN'S EXILED COMMUNIST PARTY ; HER VERY NAME UNTIL RECENTLY WAS TABOO IN THE SPANISH PRESS . OF THE EIGHT PROMINENT INTELLECTUALS ARRESTED LAST YEAR AFTER DENOUNCING FRANCO AT A MUNICH CONFERENCE, FIVE HAVE BEEN PARDONED AND THE REST ALLOWED TO GO INTO VOLUNTARY EXILE . FRANCO'S UNIFORMED STATE POLICE, ONCE EVERYWHERE, IS NOW LESS OBVIOUS, LESS ARROGANT . GIFT FOR ONE-FIFTH . FRANCO'S DECISION TO END SPAIN'S LONG CULTURAL AND POLITICAL ISOLATION IS BASED ON HIS TWOFOLD CONVICTION THAT 1) THE POPULACE AS A WHOLE NOW ACCEPTS HIS REGIME, AND 2) SPAIN CANNOT SURVIVE ECONOMICALLY IF IT IS EXCLUDED FROM THE EUROPEAN COMMON MARKET, WHOSE MEMBERS BITTERLY DISLIKE HIS AUTOCRATIC WAYS . THE STUBBORN ILLEGAL STRIKES THAT CRIPPLED SPAIN'S ECONOMY FOR TWO MONTHS LAST YEAR ALSO FORCED EL CAUDILLO TO RECOGNIZE THAT THE COUNTRY'S HARDPRESSED WORKERS ARE DESPERATELY EAGER TO ENJOY LIVING STANDARDS COMPARABLE TO THOSE OF OTHER EUROPEANS . AS A GIFT TO THE HOPELESSLY POOR UNSKILLED LABORERS WHO MAKE UP ONE-FIFTH OF THE WORK FORCE, FRANCO LAST WEEK ANNOUNCED AN INCREASE IN THE MINIMUM WAGE THAT WILL ALMOST DOUBLE THEIR TAKEHOME PAY AND FRINGE BENEFITS (TO $1.66 A DAY) . SPAIN, SAID FRANCO, IN A YEAR-END TV AND RADIO ADDRESS, IS NOW " A NATION OF PEACE, ON THE ROAD TO ECONOMIC RECUPERATION, WITH A CAPACITY FOR GROWTH IN ALL SECTORS OF ITS LIFE, AND WITH A YOUTH THAT IS TECHNICALLY PREPARED AND EAGER TO FACE THE FUTURE . *TIME ALONE WAS BANNED OR SEIZED 54 TIMES IN ELEVEN YEARS BY FRAGA'S PREDECESSOR . 
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RUSSIA PARTY TIME THE NEW YEAR'S EVE PARTY WAS GOING FULL BLAST IN THE BANQUET HALL ATOP THE KREMLIN'S PALACE OF CONGRESSES . COMMUNIST BIGWIGS MINGLED WITH DIPLOMATS, MILITARY LEADERS AND STARS OF THE SOVIET CULTURAL ELITE . EVERYONE WAS IN HIGH SPIRITS, INCLUDING SOVIET EX-PRESIDENT KLIMENT VOROSHILOV, 82, WHO BROKE INTO AN IMPROMPTU JIG WHEN THE BAND PLAYED A SNAPPY RUSSIAN MELODY . GENIAL HOST NIKITA KHRUSHCHEV ROARED HIS HEARTY APPROVAL . IT WAS NO OCCASION FOR DISHARMONIOUS WORDS, SO WHEN THE TIME CAME FOR SPEECHES, NIKITA WAVED AWAY THE LATEST 20,000-WORD ATTACK ON HIS POLICIES BY RED CHINA . EVERY FAMILY HAS TROUBLES, KHRUSHCHEV DECLARED, GESTURING AMIABLY AT THE WESTERN DIPLOMATS IN THE CROWD . " YOU JUST GET MARRIED AND YOU WILL SOON NOTICE THAT DIFFERENCES DEVELOP . " AS FOR HIS DIFFERENCES WITH THE WEST, KHRUSHCHEV HOPED THAT 1963 WOULD SOLVE " URGENT PROBLEMS FRAUGHT WITH NEW CRISES, " A BIT OF DOUBLETALK ABOUT BERLIN THAT COULD FIT ANY EVENTUALITY . THE FIRST WOULD PROBABLY COME AT NEXT WEEK'S CONGRESS OF THE EAST GERMAN COMMUNIST PARTY, WHICH KHRUSHCHEV WILL ATTEND . LAST WEEK, WHEN THE U.S . MOVED 1,500 INFANTRYMEN BY HIGHWAY INTO THE DIVIDED CITY IN A ROUTINE SHIFT OF REGIMENTS, THERE WAS NOT A MOMENT OF OBSTRUCTIONIST DELAY AT THE RUSSIAN CHECKPOINT . READY TO GREET THE FRESH TROOPS WAS A NEW U.S . WEST BERLIN COMMANDANT, MAJOR GENERAL JAMES H . POLK, 51 . SAID POLK, IN A MESSAGE TO WEST BERLINERS : " WE ARE HERE TO STAY . 
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RUSSIA THE GOLD RUSH THE SOVIET UNION BOASTS SOME OF THE TIGHTEST BORDER CONTROLS IN THE WORLD, BUT THEY ARE NOT TIGHT ENOUGH TO HOLD BACK A THRIVING NETWORK OF RUSSIAN DEALERS IN CONTRABAND CURRENCY THAT STRETCHES FROM PEKING TO PARIS AND POINTS BEYOND . LAST WEEK A KAZAKHSTAN FACTORY OWNER WENT ON TRIAL IN ALMA ATA AFTER HE WAS NABBED WEARING A MONEY BELT CRAMMED NOT ONLY WITH RUBLES BUT ALSO WITH FRENCH FRANCS AND U.S . DOLLARS . IN HIS HOME WERE THREE OUNCES OF PEARLS, 2,700 ANTELOPE HORNS, WHICH THE CHINESE PRIZE FOR THEIR SUPPOSED MEDICINAL QUALITIES, AND 22 LBS . OF GOLD, WHICH HE PLANNED TO EXPORT TO ACCOMPLICES IN COMMUNIST CHINA . USING A MINE DETECTOR, COPS FOUND ANOTHER CACHE OF GOLD BURIED IN THE GUTTER IN FRONT OF THE SMUGGLER'S HOUSE . LAST MONTH ANOTHER RING OF PROSPERING FOREIGN TRADERS WAS BROKEN UP IN THE MOSLEM SOVIET REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN . ALAS, A RAILROAD POLICEMAN WAS STANDING ON THE PLATFORM OF TASHKENT'S STATION WHEN COINS CLINKED AT THE FEET OF AN ELDERLY BEGGAR . STOOPING TO INVESTIGATE, THE COP DISCOVERED THAT THE COINS WERE SOLID GOLD AND BORE THE FACE OF CZAR NICHOLAS II . THE GAME WAS UP . SEWN INTO THE BEGGAR'S RAGS WERE HUNDREDS OF COINS, PEARLS AND PRECIOUS STONES . THE TRAIL LED TO FOUR OTHER GANG MEMBERS, WHOSE ILLICIT INVENTORY INCLUDED 400 LBS . OF PRECIOUS ANILINE DYES, 220 YARDS OF SATIN, $200 IN BRITISH POUNDS, AND HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF RUBLES IN STATE LOAN CERTIFICATES, RUBIES, COINS AND MEDALS . A CROOK NAMED " BLUE EYES " WAS ALL SET TO HAUL THE SWAG OUT BY CAR TO AFGHANISTAN . THE GANG HAD HOPED TO USE THE PROFITS TO FINANCE A PILGRIMAGE TO MECCA . INSTEAD, THEY ALL LANDED IN A TASHKENT JAIL, SENTENCED TO TERMS OF 10 TO 15 YEARS . 
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HELP US ! " SLAM OUT OF THE SWIRLING SNOW OF A MOSCOW WINTER MORNING LAST WEEK, 32 SHABBY PEASANTS SUDDENLY APPEARED AT THE IRON GATES OF THE U.S . EMBASSY AT 19-21 TCHAIKOVSKY STREET, BRUSHED PAST THE RUSSIAN GUARDS ON THE SIDEWALK, AND STRODE INSIDE . TO FLABBERGASTED AMERICAN DIPLOMATS THEY PUT A STARTLING REQUEST : HELP US GET OUT OF RUSSIA . THE SIX MEN, TWELVE WOMEN AND 14 CHILDREN CLAD IN TATTERED SHEEPSKIN COATS AND BABUSHKAS WERE A FORLORN LOT WITH A FORLORN TALE . THEY CAME FROM A SECT OF PROTESTANT PENTACOSTAL EVANGELISTS IN THE SIBERIAN TOWN OF CHERNOGORSK, NEAR THE MONGOLIAN BORDER 2,100 MILES TO THE EAST . OF LATE, LOCAL AUTHORITIES THERE HAD TAKEN AWAY SEVERAL CHILDREN OF THE SECT, AND THREATENED TO IMPRISON THE ADULT FAITHFUL . WITH THE VAGUE NOTION THAT A FOREIGN EMBASSY MIGHT HELP THEM, THE SIBERIANS WENT BY TRAIN TO MOSCOW . NOW THEY WANTED TO TRAVEL TO " ISRAEL " PROBABLY MEANING THE ISRAEL OF THE OLD TESTAMENT . THE AMERICANS LISTENED SYMPATHETICALLY, BUT AMBASSADOR FOY KOHLER HAD TO STICK TO REGULATIONS.* OUT WENT A CALL TO THE SOVIET FOREIGN MINISTRY, EXPLAINING THE SITUATION AND ASKING THAT THE PEASANTS BE REMOVED . MEANWHILE, THE SIBERIANS WERE INVITED INTO THE EMBASSY LUNCHROOM TO HAVE COFFEE AND CAKE . EMBARRASSED BY THE WHOLE THING, THE U.S . OFFICIALS PREVENTED FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS FROM PHOTOGRAPHING OR SPEAKING WITH THE VISITORS . AT LAST, A DILAPIDATED BUS DROVE INTO THE EMBASSY COMPOUND AND BACKED UP TO THE LUNCHROOM DOOR . WITH IT CAME SOVIET FOREIGN MINISTRY AGENTS, WHO URGED THE PEASANTS TO COME ALONG QUIETLY . " COME NOW, LET'S NOT HAVE A DEMONSTRATION, " SAID ONE . " WHERE WILL YOU TAKE US ? " A SIBERIAN INQUIRED . " TO A HOTEL, " REPLIED THE OFFICIAL . " THEN WE WILL ARRANGE FOR YOU TO GO BACK HOME . / BY THEN, THE WOMEN WERE WAILING . ONE PEASANT YELLED, " BUT I DO NOT WANT TO GO BACK ! THEY WILL ARREST ME AND SHOOT ME ! " TO A CLUSTER OF NEWSMEN STANDING NEAR BY, HE CRIED, " WE ASK ALL BROTHERS AND SISTERS WHO BELIEVE IN GOD : HELP US ! HELP US ! " THEN THE BUS DROVE AWAY INTO THE SNOW . *THE STATE DEPARTMENT LATER EXPLAINED THAT IT IS U.S . POLICY, AS A RULE, TO DENY ASYLUM TO FOREIGNERS IN EMBASSIES ABROAD UNLESS THE PERSON IS IN " IMMINENT DANGER FROM MOB VIOLENCE . " JOSEF CARDINAL MINDSZENTY, ROMAN CATHOLIC PRIMATE OF HUNGARY, WAS CONSIDERED TO QUALIFY " UNDER EXCEPTIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES " WHEN HE WON SANCTUARY IN THE U.S . LEGATION DURING THE 1956 UPRISING IN BUDAPEST, WHERE HE STILL LIVES . 
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RED CHINA THE CHILLY SEASON RED CHINA'S MASSES LAST WEEK HAD MUCH IN COMMON WITH THE SUBJECTS OF THE FAMOUS FAIRY-TALE EMPEROR : EVERYBODY WAS TALKING ABOUT NEW CLOTHES, BUT NOBODY COULD ACTUALLY SEE THEM . AFTER THREE YEARS OF BAD COTTON CROPS, THE ANNUAL CLOTH RATION HAS SHRUNK TO AS LITTLE AS 2F FT . PER PERSON IN SOME REGIONS " JUST ENOUGH, " SAID ONE REFUGEE, " TO PATCH OUR RAGS . " SO SEVERE IS THE SHORTAGE, ACCORDING TO THE OFFICIAL PEKING PEOPLE'S DAILY, THAT " CLOTHES HOSPITALS " ARE MAKING " SHORT-SLEEVED SHIRTS OUT OF LONG-SLEEVED SHIRTS, A VEST OUT OF A SHORT-SLEEVED SHIRT, AND UNDERWEAR OUT OF A VEST . " IN TIMEWORN STYLE, COMMUNIST PARTY CHAIRMAN MAO TSE-TUNG'S LIEUTENANTS BLAME DROUGHT, HAILSTORMS AND INSECT BLIGHTS FOR CUTTING THE RATION FROM A MANAGEABLE 20.65 FT . IN 1957 TO ITS PRESENT HANDKERCHIEF SIZE . BUT RED CHINA'S FRAYED LOOK ALSO OWES MUCH TO A DELIBERATE DECISION BY ITS LEADERS . " WHEN THE BAD CROPS BEGAN IN 1959, " EXPLAINS ONE WESTERN EXPERT IN HONG KONG, " COTTON AND CLOTH WAS ONE PLACE WHERE YOU COULD SQUEEZE THE PEOPLE . " PEKING SQUEEZED HARD, CUTTING BACK COTTON ACREAGE AT LEAST 20 PER CENT SO THAT EVERY SPARE CLOD OF EARTH COULD BE SOWN TO GRAINS . THE RESULT : CHINA'S 1962 GRAIN HARVEST WAS UP 10 PER CENT TO 182 MILLION METRIC TONS, WHILE THE COTTON CROP MAY HAVE FALLEN TO AS LOW AS 1,200,000 METRIC TONS, DOWN ONE-THIRD FROM 1958 . FURTHER AGGRAVATING THE SITUATION AT HOME, PEKING SOLD HUGE AMOUNTS OF COTTON ABROAD TO BRING IN BADLY NEEDED FOREIGN EXCHANGE . WITH THE ONSET OF THE CHILLY SEASON, EVEN THE CLOTH WRAPPING ON GIFT PARCELS FROM RELATIVES ABROAD IS USED TO PATCH THREADBARE GARMENTS . SAID ONE REFUGEE IN HONG KONG : " WE ARE USED TO GETTING COLD IN THE WINTER . 
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FORMOSA INVASIONS, LTD . ON THE ROCKY ISLAND OF TUNGYIN, 50 MILES OFF THE COAST OF RED CHINA, IS THE HEADQUARTERS OF A LITTLE-KNOWN MILITARY UNIT CALLED THE ANTI-COMMUNIST NATIONAL SALVATION ARMY . THE SECRET ARMY, 30,000 STRONG, IS CHIANG KAI-SHEK'S INSTRUMENT FOR THE LONG-PROMISED RETURN TO THE MAINLAND . THE TROOPS ARE TRAINED AS GUERRILLAS, ARMED WITH U.S . WEAPONS, AND COME LARGELY FROM THE MAINLAND COASTAL PROVINCES . BUT WHERE THE TROOPS GO OR WHAT THEY DO IS A TIGHT SECRET . THAT SECRECY MADE A NEWS ITEM FROM RED CHINA ALL THE MORE INTERESTING LAST WEEK . RADIO PEKING TRUMPETED AN ANNOUNCEMENT THAT COMMUNIST SECURITY FORCES HAD " WIPED OUT " 172 COMMANDOS WHO HAD SECRETLY LANDED IN COASTAL KWANGTUNG PROVINCE LAST FALL . THE COMMUNISTS CLAIMED THAT THE INTERLOPERS PLANNED TO SET UP A " GUERRILLA CORRIDOR " IN KWANGTUNG " TO OPEN THE WAY FOR A SUBSEQUENT MILITARY ADVENTURE OF INVADING THE MAINLAND . " TO BACK UP THE STORY, COMMUNIST NEWSPAPERS SPLASHED FRONT-PAGE PICTURES OF THE CAPTURED AGENTS AND THEIR STOCKPILES OF U.S . RIFLES, GRENADES, AND PLASTIC DEMOLITION EQUIPMENT . THE STORY MIGHT HAVE BEEN BRUSHED ASIDE AS ANOTHER PROPAGANDA TIDBIT, BUT THE OFFICIAL NATIONALIST CENTRAL NEWS AGENCY QUICKLY VERIFIED IT . WHAT'S MORE, CLAIMED TAIPEI, THE GUERRILLAS TIED UP 100,000 COMMUNIST TROOPS FOR THREE MONTHS, INFLICTED 700 CASUALTIES, SHOT DOWN A RED RECONNAISSANCE PLANE, AND ENGAGED IN A WIDESPREAD CAMPAIGN OF SABOTAGE . 
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GREAT BRITAIN THE FATEFUL WEEKS TO CELEBRATE HIS SIXTH FULL YEAR IN OFFICE THE LONGEST TERM FOR A TORY SINCE 1902* PRIME MINISTER HAROLD MACMILLAN WENT BEFORE THE CAMERAS FOR A TELEVISION INTERVIEW LAST WEEK . IT WAS A MASTERFUL PERFORMANCE . RELAXED AND CONFIDENT, MACMILLAN TALKED WITH EASY CONFIDENCE OF THE PROMISE AND PROBLEMS OF BRITAIN TODAY . OFF-CAMERA, THINGS WERE NOT GOING SO WELL AS HAROLD MACMILLAN MADE IT SEEM . BRITAIN'S HOPES OF MEMBERSHIP IN THE COMMON MARKET HUNG PRECARIOUSLY IN THE BALANCE . AFTER THE DECISIONS AT NASSAU, A QUESTION MARK ROSE OVER THE FUTURE OF ITS MILITARY POWER . THE LATEST GALLUP POLL SHOWED LABOR LEADING THE TORIES 45 PER CENT TO 36 PER CENT . MANY OF MACMILLAN'S OWN CONSERVATIVE PARTY BACKBENCHERS WERE CRITICAL OF THE GOVERNMENT FOR ITS INABILITY TO STOP THE GROWING UNEMPLOYMENT IN BRITAIN'S NORTH . REASON FOR CONFIDENCE . SEEKING A SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM OF JOBS, MACMILLAN LAST WEEK GAVE LORD HAILSHAM A NEW MINISTERIAL TASK OF STUDYING THE NORTHEAST DEPRESSED AREAS, AND TOLD BIRMINGHAM BUSINESSMEN THAT " WITH A LITTLE BIT OF LUCK " THE ECONOMIC SLUMP MIGHT BE REVERSED THIS YEAR . AS ANOTHER WEAPON AGAINST POLITICAL DECLINE, MACMILLAN IS CLEARLY COUNTING ON ADMISSION TO THE COMMON MARKET DESPITE THE OVERWHELMING OBSTACLES AHEAD . ON TV HE SAID : " I BELIEVE THAT AS SOON AS THE COMMON MARKET IS SETTLED, AND AS SOON AS IT IS CLEAR THAT THERE WILL NOT BE ANOTHER SOCIALIST GOVERNMENT, YOU WILL FIND THE BUSINESSMEN REINVESTING ON A BIGGER SCALE THAN EVER BEFORE . THAT IS WHY I AM CONFIDENT ABOUT 1963 . " A DECISION ON COMMON MARKET ENTRY MAY BE IMMINENT . THIS WEEK BRITAIN'S CHIEF NEGOTIATOR EDWARD HEATH RETURNS TO BRUSSELS FOR A CRUCIAL ROUND OF NEGOTIATIONS WITH EUROPE'S SIX THE " CRUNCH " TALKS IN WHICH BRITAIN WILL HAVE TO AGREE TO . *WHEN LORD SALISBURY RESIGNED AFTER A SEVEN YEAR TERM . DISMANTLE ITS OWN ELABORATE SYSTEM OR PERSUADE THE EUROPEANS TO EASE THEIR TERMS FOR ENTRY . SEEKING SUPPORT . IN PREPARATION FOR THE BRUSSELS MEETING, TED HEATH WENT TO CHEQUERS, MACMILLAN'S MINISTERIAL ESTATE, SPENT HOURS URGING HIS VIEWS ON WEST GERMANY'S VISITING FOREIGN MINISTER GERHARD SCHRODER, A CONSIDERABLE SYMPATHIZER . THEN HEATH CROSSED TO THE CONTINENT TO LINE UP ADDITIONAL SUPPORT FOR BRITAIN'S POSITION . HE TALKED WITH BELGIUM'S DEPUTY FOREIGN MINISTER HENRI FAYAT, WHO WANTS BRITAIN IN THE COMMON MARKET, AND WITH FRANCE'S FOREIGN MINISTER MAURICE COUVE DE MURVILLE, WHO FAITHFULLY ECHOED DE GAULLE'S RELUCTANCE TO LOWER THE BARS FOR BRITAIN . MACMILLAN HIMSELF WILL CONTINUE THE TASK ON HIS FEB . 1 VISIT TO ROME FOR MEETINGS WITH ITALY'S PRIME MINISTER AMINTORE FANFANI, DUE THIS WEEK IN WASHINGTON . AS FATE WOULD HAVE IT, THE TORIES WON RELIEF OF SORTS FROM THE DRUMFIRE OF CRITICISM AT HOME THROUGH A TRAGIC HAPPENSTANCE IN THE LABOR PARTY . HUGH GAITSKELL, LABOR'S CAPABLE, HARD-WORKING LEADER, WAS RUSHED TO LONDON'S MIDDLESEX HOSPITAL SUFFERING FROM PNEUMONIA, DOUBLE PLEURISY AND SEVERE PERIOCARDITIS . IN GREAT PAIN AND SCARCELY ABLE TO BREATHE, GAITSKELL WAS ALLOWED NO VISITORS EXCEPT HIS WIFE . SNAP PRESSURE . LABOR SPOKESMEN OFFICIALLY SPREAD THE NEWS THAT GAITSKELL WOULD BE BACK AT WORK WITHIN FIVE TO SIX WEEKS, BUT MEDICAL MEN THOUGHT THREE TO SIX MONTHS MORE LIKELY . THIS MEANS HE WILL NOT BE ABLE TO LEAD LABOR'S ATTACK ON BRITAIN'S COMMON MARKET ENTRY . IN FACT, TO LABOR'S ACUTE EMBARRASSMENT, THE MAN WHO BECOMES SPOKESMAN IN GAITSKELL'S PLACE IS DEPUTY LEADER GEORGE BROWN, WHO IS AS PRO-COMMON MARKET AS GAITSKELL AS ANTI . THE CONSERVATIVE SUNDAY TELEGRAPH PAID TRIBUTE TO GAITSKELL BY SUGGESTING THAT " WITHOUT HIM, THERE CAN BE NO ALTERNATIVE GOVERNMENT WORTH THE NAME . " SOME TORIES PROMPTLY URGED MACMILLAN TO CALL A SNAP GENERAL ELECTION WHILE LABOR IS VIRTUALLY LEADERLESS . BUT MACMILLAN WILL ALMOST CERTAINLY RESIST THE PRESSURE, SELECT HIS OWN TIME BETWEEN NOW AND OCTOBER 1964, THE DATE BY WHICH A GENERAL ELECTION MUST BE HELD . IF, DURING THE " CRUNCH " OF THE NEXT FEW WEEKS IN BRUSSELS, BRITAIN IS ADMITTED TO THE COMMON MARKET ON AN APPROXIMATION OF ITS OWN TERMS, AND IF THE STRAITENED ECONOMY REVIVES AS A CONSEQUENCE, THE GOVERNMENT WOULD BE IN AN EXCELLENT POSITION FOR A GENERAL ELECTION IN THE FALL . MACMILLAN, WHO WILL BE 69 NEXT MONTH, SAID DURING HIS TV INTERVIEW THAT HE THOUGHT HE COULD PUT IN ANOTHER SIX YEARS ON THE JOB, AND ADDED JOKINGLY : " THE QUESTION IS WHETHER THE PEOPLE COULD STAND ANOTHER SIX . " THE ANSWER MAY BE LEARNED DURING THE COMING FATEFUL WEEKS IN BRUSSELS . 
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RUSSIA THE VIEW FROM LENIN HILLS ABOUT A MONTH AGO, SOON AFTER NIKITA KHRUSHCHEV TOUCHED OFF A GENERAL CRACKDOWN ON MODERN ART (TIME, DEC . 14), SEVERAL HUNDRED SOVIET ARTISTS AND WRITERS WERE ABRUPTLY SUMMONED TO THE MODERN, GLASS-WALLED RECEPTION PALACE AT LENIN HILLS, ON THE OUTSKIRTS OF MOSCOW . KHRUSHCHEV HIMSELF, IT SEEMED, WANTED TO HEAR WHAT POETS AND PAINTERS THOUGHT OF THE PARTY LINE ON AVANT-GARDE ART . THE ARGUMENT RAGED FOR FIVE HOURS, FAR INTO THE NIGHT, AND INCLUDED SEVERAL REMARKABLY FRANK EXCHANGES WITH THE SOVIET RULER . ONE OF THE FIRST TO SPEAK UP WAS AGING JOURNALIST-PROPAGANDIST ILYA EHRENBURG, 71 . DEFENDING A CEZANNE-LIKE BLUE AND PURPLE CANVAS CALLED FEMALE NUDE, DONE BY RUSSIAN PAINTER ROBERT FALK IN 1922, WHICH ART CRITIC KHRUSHCHEV HAD DERIDED, EHRENBURG SAID : " YOU AND I, NIKITA SERGEEVICH, ARE GETTING ON AND HAVEN'T GOT MUCH TIME LEFT . BUT FALK'S PAINTING WILL LIVE AS LONG AS THERE ARE LOVERS OF BEAUTY . " NEXT, ABSTRACT SCULPTOR ERNST NEIZVESNTY, WHOSE WORK ALSO HAD BEEN ATTACKED BY NIKITA, TOOK THE FLOOR . " YOU MAY NOT LIKE MY WORK, COMRADE KHRUSHCHEV, " THE SCULPTOR SAID, " BUT IT HAS THE WARM ADMIRATION OF SUCH EMINENT SOVIET SCIENTISTS AS KAPITSA AND LANDAU . " RETORTED KHRUSHCHEV SCORNFULLY : " THAT'S NOT WHY WE ADMIRE KAPITSA AND LANDAU . " NEIZVESNTY FELL SILENT, BUT OFFICIAL KREMLIN POET EVGENY EVTUSHENKO ROSE TO HIS FRIEND'S DEFENSE . " HE CAME BACK FROM THE WAR WITH 14 BULLETS IN HIS BODY, " SAID EVTUSHENKO, " AND I HOPE HE WILL LIVE MANY MORE YEARS AND PRODUCE MANY MORE FINE WORKS OF ART " AS PEOPLE SAY, " SHOT BACK NIKITA BRUTALLY, " ONLY THE GRAVE CORRECTS A HUNCHBACK . " EVTUSHENKO MANAGED A BRAVE REPLY : " I HOPE, COMRADE KHRUSHCHEV, WE HAVE OUTLIVED THE TIME WHEN THE GRAVE WAS USED AS A MEANS OF CORRECTION . " THE AUDIENCE WAS STUNNED, THEN BURST INTO APPLAUSE ; EVEN KHRUSHCHEV SHEEPISHLY JOINED IN . EVTUSHENKO'S DISPLAY OF COURAGE DID NOT LAST LONG . TWO WEEKS AFTER THE LENIN HILLS MEETING, THE PARTY'S IDEOLOGICAL BOSS, LEONID ILYICHEV, CALLED IN THE POET AND A NUMBER OF OTHER YOUNG INTELLECTUALS FOR AN ATTITUDE TALK . ILYICHEV WAS ESPECIALLY ANGRY OVER EVTUSHENKO'S POEM BABI YAR, WHICH CONDEMNED SOVIET ANTI-SEMITISM AND WHICH HAD JUST BEEN ENTHUSIASTICALLY RECEIVED IN A NEW SYMPHONIC SETTING BY COMPOSER DMITRY SHOSTAKOVICH . CULTURAL COMMISSARS QUICKLY CANCELED FURTHER PERFORMANCES OF THE SYMPHONY . AS FOR THE POEM, SAID ILYICHEV, IT SHOULD BE CHANGED TO INCLUDE AN ATTACK ON WEST GERMANY . AFTER A SLEEPLESS NIGHT, EVTUSHENKO AGREED TO " IMPROVE " BABI YAR . 
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ITALY ADJUSTING THE APERTURA EVER SINCE PREMIER AMINTORE FANFANI TEAMED UP WITH PIETRO NENNI'S SOCIALISTS ALMOST A YEAR AGO TO FORM ITALY'S APERTURA A SINISTRA ( " OPENING TO THE LEFT " ), THE UNEASY ALLIANCE HAS BEEN CLOUDED BY A SINGLE ISSUE : NENNI'S DEMAND FOR THE CREATION OF 15 REGIONAL ADMINISTRATIONS THAT HE FIGURES WILL BOOST HIS PARTY'S GRASS-ROOTS SUPPORT . FANFANI AGREED TO PAY NENNI'S PRICE BECAUSE HE NEEDED THE SOCIALISTS' 88 VOTES IN THE CHAMBER OF DEPUTIES IN ORDER TO STAY IN POWER, BUT HE STALLED ON ENACTING THE SCHEME JUST THE SAME . FANFANI FEARED THAT THE SOCIALISTS WOULD SIGN LOCAL ELECTORAL AGREEMENTS WITH COMMUNISTS AND THEREBY CONVERT THE NEW REGIONS INTO LEFTIST STRONGHOLDS . EVEN AFTER NENNI PLEDGED NOT TO COOPERATE WITH THE REDS, MANY OF FANFANI'S CHRISTIAN DEMOCRATS REMAINED SKEPTICAL OF HIS PROMISE . WITH NENNI DEMANDING QUICK ACTION ON THE REGIONAL PLAN, THE LOOMING ALTERNATIVE WAS COMPROMISE OR COLLAPSE OF THE COALITION . LAST WEEK FANFANI ACTED . AFTER NINE HOURS OF ARGUMENT, CHRISTIAN DEMOCRATS AND THEIR TWO SMALLER COALITION PARTNERS AGREED TO INTRODUCE PROMPTLY TWO BILLS COVERING TAXATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF THE REGIONS ; THEY POSTPONED LEGISLATION ACTUALLY CREATING THEM UNTIL A NEW PARLIAMENT CONVENES AFTER NATIONAL ELECTIONS IN MAY . THE SOCIALISTS GRUMBLED BITTERLY, BUT NENNI URGED THEM TO BIDE THEIR TIME . / IF THERE'S GOING TO BE A GOVERNMENT CRISIS, " HE TOLD A MEETING OF HIS PARTY'S CENTRAL COMMITTEE, " IT'S NOT GOING TO BE CAUSED BY US . " NENNI HAS HIS EYE ON A CABINET POST IN A NEW GOVERNMENT ; CAUSING A CRISIS AT THE MOMENT WOULD BE IRRESPONSIBLE, FOR FANFANI THIS WEEK GOES OFF TO VISIT JOHN F . KENNEDY, AND IN A FORTNIGHT HAROLD MACMILLAN ARRIVES IN ROME . FELLOW TRAVELERS IN THE SOCIALIST HIGH COMMAND WERE WILLING, EVEN ANXIOUS, TO TOPPLE THE GOVERNMENT, BUT AS THE PARTY CONTINUED ITS TALKS AT WEEK'S END, IT APPEARED THAT NENNI AND THE COALITION WOULD SQUEAK THROUGH . 
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FRANCE MONSIEUR NO PRESIDENT CHARLES DE GAULLE'S PRESS CONFERENCES TAKE THE FORM OF A RITUAL BALLET . THE STAGE IS THE CRYSTAL-CHANDELIERED SALLE DES FETES IN THE ELYSEE PALACE, AND THE CORPS DE BALLET IS COMPOSED OF SOME 700 NEWSMEN CROWDED RUMP TO RUMP IN FLIMSY, GILT-PAINTED CHAIRS . THE PROPS ARE TV CAMERAS, LIGHTS, A DESK PLACED BEFORE A RASPBERRY-RED CURTAIN . ENTER LE GRAND CHARLES, MOVING HIS HEAD PONDEROUSLY AS HE PEERS THROUGH THE HAZE OF TV FLARES AND FLASH BULBS . WITH A WAVE OF THE HAND AND A CLEARING OF THE THROAT, DE GAULLE MAKES SOME PRELIMINARY REMARKS BEFORE THE QUESTIONS BEGIN . AS DE GAULLE PREPARED TO STAGE ANOTHER OF HIS RARE PRESS PERFORMANCES THIS WEEK, POLITICAL DOPESTERS WERE BETTING HE WOULD USE THE OCCASION TO GIVE A HAUGHTY AND RINGING NON TO CONCESSIONS FOR BRITAIN'S ENTRY INTO THE COMMON MARKET . HE MIGHT ALSO TAKE THE OPPORTUNITY TO REPEAT IN PUBLIC WHAT HE HAS ALREADY SAID IN PRIVATE ABOUT PRESIDENT JOHN KENNEDY'S POLARIS OFFER LAST MONTH . AFTER KENNEDY'S NASSAU PROPOSAL, DE GAULLE CALLED IN HIS MINISTERS AND BECAME " MONSIEUR NO " TO THE WHOLE IDEA, REPORTED THE WEEKLY PARIS MATCH LAST WEEK . DE GAULLE DECLARED : " FRANCE CANNOT IN THE FUTURE RENOUNCE ITS EFFORT AND ABANDON ITS PROJECT MERELY BECAUSE WASHINGTON DECIDES TO PRESENT SOME PROPOSALS . . . WE CANNOT ACCEPT POLARIS MISSILES AND, AT THE SAME TIME, PURSUE OUR NATIONAL EFFORT . THEREFORE WE WILL FOLLOW OUR NATIONAL EFFORT . WE HAVE THE A-BOMB . WE WILL HAVE THE H-BOMB . AND, EVENTUALLY, WE WILL HAVE THREE-STAGE MISSILES . " DE GAULLE CONTINUED : " THE AMERICAN INTEREST IS NOT ALWAYS THE FRENCH INTEREST . CIRCUMSTANCES CHANGE . INTERESTS CAN DIVERGE . THIS WILL BE MORE AND MORE TRUE IN THE FUTURE, WHICH WILL GIVE EUROPE A GREATER AND GREATER WEIGHT, AND WHICH WILL THEREFORE CONTRIBUTE TO DIMINISHING THE RELATIVE WEIGHT OF THE U.S . 
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THE ALLIES A PROBLEM OF PIPE TO PUMP ITS BURGEONING OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION FROM NEW FIELDS IN THE CAUCASUS AND URALS, RUSSIA HAS UNDERTAKEN A 38,000-MILE PIPELINE NETWORK, WITH TWO MAIN LEGS : ONE WESTWARD FROM KUIBYSHEV NEAR THE URALS TO POWER THE FACTORIES OF RUSSIA'S EUROPEAN SATELLITES, THE OTHER THOUSANDS OF MILES THROUGH SIBERIA AND ON TO THE PACIFIC . TROUBLE IS, RUSSIA CANNOT PRODUCE ALL OF THE BIG-BORE (UP TO 40 IN.) PIPE ITSELF ; SO IT HAS TURNED TO CAPITALIST MANUFACTURERS, MOSTLY IN WEST GERMANY AND ITALY, FOR 40 PER CENT OF THE 2,500,000 TONS OF PIPE IT NEEDS FOR THE PROJECT . ARGUING THAT THE PIPELINES ARE OF VITAL STRATEGIC USE TO RUSSIA, NATO'S TRADE ADVISORY COMMITTEE LAST WEEK TRIED TO PUT AN END TO THE PIPE TRADE . WEEKS AGO, ITALY, WHICH HAD SENT RUSSIA 180,000 TONS OF PIPE, WENT ALONG WITH NATO'S NEW BAN, CANCELED A 60,000-TON SHIPMENT . JAPAN CANCELED NEGOTIATIONS FOR 20,000 TONS . BUT A HOWL WENT UP IN WEST GERMANY, RUSSIA'S NO . 1 OIL-PIPE SUPPLIER (633,000 TONS FROM 1959 THROUGH LAST OCTOBER) . JUST THREE AND A HALF MONTHS AGO, THREE GIANT RUHR FIRMS MANNESMANN, PHOENIXRHEINROHR AG, AND HOESCH SIGNED A CONTRACT FOR ANOTHER 200,000 TONS . RUHR STEELMEN DENOUNCED CHANCELLOR KONRAD ADENAUER AS A NATO STOOGE FOR TRYING TO ENFORCE THE NEW RULES . TAKEN ABACK, ADENAUER'S CABINET LAST WEEK AGREED TO RECONSIDER, TURNED THE PROBLEM OVER TO A SPECIAL SUBCOMMITTEE FOR SPECIAL STUDY . 
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THE CONGO THE INDIA-RUBBER MAN JUST AFTER SUNUP ONE DAY LAST WEEK, SECESSIONIST MOISE TSHOMBE SLIPPED OUT OF HIS PINK PALACE IN ELISABETHVILLE, CLIMBED INTO THE BACK SEAT OF A BLACK COMET SEDAN, AND SPED OFF DOWN THE ROAD TOWARD THE NORTHERN RHODESIAN BORDER . SOON AN ARMORED COLUMN OF 500 UNITED NATIONS TROOPS WAS ON HIS TAIL . FOR A MOMENT, IT LOOKED AS IF THE U.N . WERE IN HOT PURSUIT OF ITS OLD FOE . BUT NO ! TO THE ASTONISHMENT OF BUG-EYED NATIVES ALONG THE WAY, MOISE WAS ACTUALLY LEADING THE BLUE HELMETS, URGING HIS OWN TATTERED KATANGESE GENDARMES TO LAY DOWN THEIR ARMS SO THE U.N . COULD REOPEN VITAL RAIL AND ROAD LINKS . BIZARRE AS IT WAS, THE INCIDENT WAS AN ACCURATE INDICATOR OF THE WAY THINGS ACTUALLY WERE GOING LAST WEEK IN THE CONGO'S COPPER-RICH KATANGA PROVINCE, WHERE THE U.N . WAS WAGING WAR WITH TSHOMBE'S BREAKAWAY REGIME FOR THE THIRD TIME SINCE SEPTEMBER 1961 . IN TWO WEEKS, THE TOUGH U.N . TROOPS HAD SEIZED A STEADILY LENGTHENING RIBBON OF RAIL LINES AND NEARLY EVERY MAJOR POPULATION CENTER IN THE PROVINCE . ONLY THE WESTERN COPPER TOWN OF KOLWEZI REMAINED IN KATANGA'S GRIP ; IT WAS DEFENDED BY 2,000 BOOZY GENDARMES, 100 OF TSHOMBE'S WHITE MERCENARIES, AND A SMASHING BLONDE AMBULANCE DRIVER KNOWN AS " MADAME YVETTE, " WHO SAUNTERED ABOUT IN PARATROOP BOOTS, CAMOUFLAGE UNIFORM, BUSH HAT AND SHOULDER HOLSTER . ONLY 50 MILES FROM KOLWEZI, INDIAN INFANTRYMEN PROBED CAUTIOUSLY FORWARD, WAITING ONLY FOR THE SIGNAL TO HEAD FULL BLAST TOWARD THE TOWN . BUT THE SIGNAL WOULD NOT BE GIVEN RASHLY, FOR THE RAGTAG MERCENARIES THREATENED TO BLOW UP A HUGE DAM AND INDUSTRIAL INSTALLATIONS, LEAVING THE TOWN A BLACKENED SHELL . THEY MIGHT NOT BE BLUFFING . " I AM BACK . / BUT WITH FULL BACKING FROM THE U.S . AND THE AFRO-ASIAN NATIONS, THE U.N . WAS DETERMINED TO DICTATE A SETTLEMENT TO TSHOMBE AND MAKE IT STICK . IF IT FAILS, THE REST OF THE CONGO, STARVED OF THE RICHES THAT ENABLE KATANGA TO ACCOUNT FOR 65 PER CENT OF THE COUNTRY'S EXPORTS, COULD SPLINTER INTO A SCORE OF WARRING TRIBAL DOMAINS . ALREADY A CORPS OF 100 CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FUNCTIONARIES WAS FLYING INTO ELISABETHVILLE TO TAKE CHARGE OF KATANGA'S ADMINISTRATION . THE BIG QUESTION MARK, AS USUAL, WAS THE SLIPPERY TSHOMBE . AS THE WEEK BEGAN, HE WAS HOLED UP DEFIANTLY IN KOLWEZI WITH THE MERCENARIES . THERE WERE RUMORS THAT HE MIGHT FLEE TO EUROPE RATHER THAN GIVE IN TO THE U.N . BUT HE WAS NOT SURRENDERING KATANGA'S TOP JOB . LO AND BEHOLD, HE WAS BACK IN ELISABETHVILLE . " IN SPITE OF ALL THE TROUBLE AND BLOODSHED, " HE DECLARED WITH MACARTHURIAN GRANDEUR, " I AM BACK . " WHAT POLICY WOULD HE FOLLOW ? NO ONE COULD SAY, FOR BEFORE LONG HE WAS BOUNCING WILDLY FROM ONE POSITION TO ANOTHER . " PURE INDIA RUBBER, " MARVELED A FOREIGN DIPLOMAT . LUMP OF SUGAR . IN THE SPACE OF THREE DAYS, TSHOMBE 1) PROMISED TO " ABSTAIN FROM MAKING ANY DECLARATIONS AGAINST THE U.N . / ; 2) IMMEDIATELY BROKE HIS PROMISE BY THREATENING " A SCORCHED-EARTH POLICY " IN KOLWEZI (SEE WORLD BUSINESS) ; 3) WAS CLAPPED UNDER HOUSE ARREST BY INFURIATED U.N . OFFICIALS " TO RESTRAIN HIM FROM FURTHER IRRESPONSIBLE ACTS " ; AND 4) GOT HIS HOUSE ARREST COMMUTED TO A NIGHTTIME CURFEW BY LEADING THE U.N . TROOPS TO THE RHODESIAN BORDER . THEN, HAVING BAFFLED EVERYBODY, HE VANISHED ONCE MORE FROM THE CAPITAL . WITH TSHOMBE'S KATANGA NOW LARGELY UNDER U.N . CONTROL, CENTRAL GOVERNMENT PREMIER CYRILLE ADOULA BEGAN FLEXING HIS MUSCLES IN LEOPOLDVILLE . HE DEMANDED THAT THE BRITISH AND BELGIAN CONSULS IN ELISABETHVILLE LEAVE THE COUNTRY BECAUSE THEY HAD ACTED AS MEDIATORS FOR TSHOMBE IN HOPES OF ARRANGING A CEASE-FIRE . HE SPURNED A $2,000,000 GIFT FROM THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT BECAUSE OF ITS " SUBVERSIVE POLICY " ON KATANGA, AND ONE OF HIS OFFICIALS SNIFFED : " WE ARE NOT A LITTLE CHILD WHO CAN BE GIVEN A LUMP OF SUGAR TO KEEP QUIET . " BOX SCORE . EXUBERANT AS ADOULA WAS OVER TSHOMBE'S PLIGHT, THERE WAS NOT MUCH FOR HIM TO CROW ABOUT . EVEN IF KATANGA IS SUCCESSFULLY REINTEGRATED, HE WILL STILL FACE THE EQUALLY FORMIDABLE PROBLEMS OF ADMINISTRATIVE INCOMPETENCE, OFFICIAL CORRUPTION, ARMY INDISCIPLINE AND WORST OF ALL RIVALRIES AMONG THE CONGO'S 200 TRIBES . THE POINT WAS UNDERLINED IN BLOOD LAST WEEK IN KASAI PROVINCE, WHERE FEUDING TRIBESMEN WERE AT ONE ANOTHER'S THROATS OVER A BORDER DISPUTE . NATIVES KIDNAPED AND REPORTEDLY ATE TWO BELGIAN LUMBERMEN, THEN BEGAN SLAUGHTERING ONE ANOTHER IN THE TOWN OF KAKENGE . SUCH GRUESOME INCIDENTS NO LONGER SURPRISED ANYONE . A LEOPOLDVILLE NEWSPAPER REPORTED THE EVENT AS MATTER-OF-FACTLY AS IF IT WERE A BASEBALL BOX SCORE . ITS HEADLINE : KILLED AT KAKENGE 370 LULUAS, TWO BELGIANS, ONE MUSONGE, ONE KANYOKA . 
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MOROCCO DISCARDING THE EGGSHELLS A YOUNG MONARCH IN A SHAKY NEW COUNTRY CAN DO WORSE THAN CHOOSE CHARLES DE GAULLE AS A MODEL TO RULE BY . MOROCCO'S HASSAN II IS JUST SUCH A KING . LIKE LE GRAND CHARLES, HASSAN CONSIDERS HIMSELF HIS COUNTRY'S INDISPENSABLE MAN, AND HE MAY BE RIGHT . LIKE DE GAULLE HE CHOSE THE DEVICE OF A POPULAR REFERENDUM WHEN HE DECIDED TO ADOPT A CONSTITUTION (TIME, DEC . 28) ; HIS SMASHING VICTORY WON HASSAN THE RARE ESTEEM OF HIS IDOL IN PARIS . EMPLOYING SOME GAULLIST FIRMNESS, HASSAN HAS NOW FIRED THE THREE MEMBERS OF HIS CABINET WHO REPRESENTED THE POWERFUL ISTIQLAL PARTY, FILLED THEIR JOBS WITH OFFICIALS STOUTLY LOYAL TO THE THRONE . SINCE ISTIQLAL WAS THE PARTY LARGELY RESPONSIBLE FOR ORGANIZING HASSAN'S SUCCESSFUL REFERENDUM, THERE WERE THOSE WHO THOUGHT HASSAN WAS A BIT UNGRATEFUL . BUT ISTIQLAL LEADERS WERE PRESSING FOR CLOSE ECONOMIC AND DIPLOMATIC TIES WITH CAIRO, BASED ON A COMMON ISLAMIC HERITAGE, AND DEMANDING THAT HASSAN PURSUE MOROCCO'S CLAIMS TO SPANISH SAHARA, MAURITANIA AND PART OF ALGERIA'S SAHARA . REFUSING TO SALAAM TO GAMAL ABDEL NASSER, KING HASSAN RESISTED, ARGUING THAT THE NATION'S FUTURE LIES LESS WITH THE ARAB WORLD THAN WITH FRANCE AND EUROPE'S COMMON MARKET . HE ALSO OPPOSED THE NATIONALISTS' AGITATION ON THE BORDER CLAIMS . SAID HASSAN'S CLOSEST POLITICAL CONFIDANT, CABINET DIRECTOR AHMED REDA GUEDIRA, AFTER THE PURGE : " THE KING HAD TO GET RID OF THE GRAINS OF SAND WHICH ALWAYS KEPT THE STATE MACHINERY OUT OF ORDER . . . THE LEADERS AND PLATFORMS OF THE OLD PARTIES ARE STALE, LIKE EMPTY EGGSHELLS . " IT WAS GAULLIST RHETORIC, AND IT HINTED OF STILL ANOTHER GAULLIST TOUCH . RABAT BUZZED WITH RUMORS THAT HASSAN WAS READY TO ORGANIZE HIS OWN POLITICAL MACHINE . ACCORDING TO ONE REPORT, THE NAME FOR THE NEW GROUP WAS ALREADY CHOSEN : UNION FOR NEW ROYALTY U.N.R . THEY ARE THE SAME INITIALS AS THOSE OF CHARLES DE GAULLE'S UNION FOR THE NEW REPUBLIC . 
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MALI WHERE THE TWAIN MEET AT THE POST OFFICE IN TIMBUCTOO, A CLERK PUT ASIDE HIS FRENCH TRANSLATION OF A SOVIET NOVEL EXTOLLING THE RED ARMY, GENIALLY AFFIXED A MALI STAMP COMMEMORATING TELSTAR ONTO A POSTCARD . " WE GET LOTS OF AMERICANS THROUGH HERE, " HE MUSED TO A VISITOR FROM THE U.S . THERE ARE MANY OTHER VISITORS TOO . MALI, WHOSE FABLED SAHARA GHOST TOWN OF TIMBUCTOO IS THE NATIONAL ATTRACTION, HAS BECOME A MAGNET FOR RUSSIANS, FRENCH, COMMUNIST CHINESE, EAST GERMANS, WEST GERMANS, BULGARIANS, HUNGARIANS AND MANY OTHER BREEDS OF FOREIGNERS . FROM MOST OF THEM, MALI ACCEPTS ASSISTANCE . " ONE DOES NOT TELL A MAN WHO IS DROWNING TO CHOOSE THE BRANCH OR THE PLANK HE WILL CATCH HOLD OF, " MALI'S TOWERING (6 FT . 4 IN.) PRESIDENT MODIBO KEITA EXPLAINS . SINCE MALI'S 1960 BREAKAWAY FROM FRANCE AND THE RUPTURE OF ITS SHORT-LIVED FEDERATION WITH SENEGAL, KEITA HAS BEEN REACHING FOR HELP IN A FASHION THAT FEW DARK CONTINENT LEADERS MANAGE TO DUPLICATE . TODAY MALI RECEIVES AID FROM NO FEWER THAN 13 NATIONS ON BOTH SIDES OF THE IRON CURTAIN . TRUCKS & PADDIES . TO MALI'S BACKWATER CAPITAL OF BAMAKO, THE U.S . ANTED UP $2,500,000 A YEAR . WEST GERMANY IS SUPPLYING 325 TRUCKS ON $4,900,000 CREDIT . THE COMMON MAKET NATIONS, AS A GROUP, HAVE FINANCED 19 MALI PROJECTS WORTH $17 MILLION . EX-MOTHER FRANCE POURS IN THE BIGGEST AMOUNT, $9,000,000 A YEAR, AND ALSO PROVIDES 400 TECHNICIANS, INCLUDING 180 SCHOOLTEACHERS . THE COMMUNIST BLOC, FOR ITS PART, HAS OPENED A LINE OF CREDIT WORTH $100 MILLION, AND HAS 500 TECHNICIANS ON THE SPOT . RUSSIANS HAVE PUT UP NEON STREET LIGHTS IN BAMAKO, ARE ERECTING AN EXPENSIVE SPORTS STADIUM . FRATERNIZING FRENCH AND CZECH PILOTS HELP RUN THE GOVERNMENT'S MOTLEY AIR MALI FLEET OF SIX RUSSIAN-BUILT ILYUSHINS AND THREE VINTAGE, U.S.-MADE DC-3S . BULGARIANS, AMONG OTHER THINGS, ARE DEVELOPING TRUCK-FARMING COLONIES, WHILE SUCH DISTANT TYPES AS RED CHINESE AND NORTH VIETNAMESE HAVE TAUGHT MALIANS HOW TO OPERATE RICE PADDIES . A CERTAIN INDECISION . FOR ALL ITS COOKS, IMPOVERISHED MALI IS BREWING PRECIOUS LITTLE PROGRESS . THE CHIEF REASON IS THAT, WHILE TALKING NEUTRALISM ABROAD, AT HOME KEITA AND HIS UNION SOUDANAISE PARTY RUN A SLOPPY LITTLE MARXIST-STYLE LAND THAT IS DEEP IN FINANCIAL TROUBLE . IN LINE WITH HIS GOAL OF " AN ECONOMY BASED ON SOCIALIST PRINCIPLES, " KEITA HAS BUILT UP ONE MONEY-DEVOURING STATE ENTERPRISE AFTER ANOTHER . THERE IS THE AIRLINE, NOW IN DEBT TO THE TUNE OF $3,000,000 ; THERE IS THE STATE TRADING COMPANY, CURRENTLY IN THE RED $3,200,000 ; AND, OF COURSE, A CHAIN OF SUBSIDIZED " PEOPLE'S SHOPS . " SIX MONTHS AGO, EGGED ON BY THE COMMUNISTS, KEITA SUDDENLY BROUGHT OUT A PROUD NEW MALI FRANC TO REPLACE THE FRENCH AFRICAN FRANC IT HAD BEEN USING . OWING TO MALI'S NEAR BANKRUPTCY, IT WAS UNFORTUNATELY NONCONVERTIBLE . SINCE FEW FOREIGNERS WOULD ACCEPT IT, THE MONEY (PRINTED IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA) PROMPTLY WIPED OUT 85 PER CENT OF NORMAL IMPORTS, WHOSE DUTIES HAD PROVIDED THE BULK OF GOVERNMENT REVENUE . DEPRIVED OF THEIR GOODS, MALI MERCHANTS WENT ON A RIOTING RAMPAGE IN BAMAKO AND SACKED THE POLICE STATION ; TWO DEMONSTRATORS WERE KILLED, AND A " PEOPLE'S TRIBUNAL " IN BAMAKO SENTENCED 77 OTHERS TO PRISON AT HARD LABOR . BY LAST WEEK MORE THAN 50 OF MALI'S 250 MOST IMPORTANT FOREIGN ENTERPRISES, MOSTLY FRENCH, HAD PULLED OUT . THE TRADE DEFICIT STOOD AT $26 MILLION AND RESERVES HAD SHRUNK TO A MINUSCULE $5,000,000 . IN PARIS THE FRENCH LISTENED WITH ALMOST SAINTLY PATIENCE TO MALI'S PLEAS FOR A MASSIVE BAIL-OUT LOAN ; WHEN ALL IS SAID AND DONE, FRANCE IS EXPECTED TO COME ACROSS WITH THE CASH . AS AN EXPORTER OF PEANUTS AND BEEF (ITS CATTLE ARE NORTH OF AFRICA'S TSETSE FLY ZONE), SELF-SUFFICIENT IN RICE AND OTHER STAPLES, MALI JUST MIGHT MAKE THE GRADE, DESPITE THE MARXIST TRAPPINGS . IN ANY CASE, MODIBO KEITA, LIKE MANY ANOTHER AFRICAN LEADER, IS STILL OPEN TO SUGGESTION ON WHICH IDEOLOGY IS BEST . 
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TURKEY OLD HABITS BEFORE HIS FALL IN 1960, PREMIER ADNAN MENDERES MADE A PRACTICE OF PADLOCKING HOSTILE TURKISH NEWSPAPERS, IMPRISONED JOURNALISTS BY THE HUNDREDS . POLICE ONCE THREW A NEWSBOY INTO JAIL FOR HAWKING A HEADLINE ABOUT A MINISTER'S RESIGNATION . AT THE TIME, THE LOUDEST PROTESTS CAME FROM WISPY OLD OPPOSITION LEADER ISMET INONU, WHO DENOUNCED " THOSE WHO WOULD SEEK TO ESTABLISH A COERCIVE REGIME . " BUT NOW THAT HE IS IN POWER HIMSELF, PREMIER INONU, 78, SHOWS SIGNS OF FALLING INTO MENDERES' OLD HABITS . HAULING OUT A MENDERES-ERA LAW OUTLAWING ANY WRITTEN OR SPOKEN WORD AIMED AT DISTURBING " THE ESTABLISHED " ORDER, THE INONU REGIME LAST MONTH JAILED KAYHAN SAGLAMER, MANAGING EDITOR OF ISTANBUL'S INFLUENTIAL DAILY, CUMHURIYET, AND SADI ALKILIC, A FREELANCE WRITER . IT TURNED OUT THAT CUMHURIYET HAD PUBLISHED AN ARTICLE BY ALKILIC ENTITLED " SOCIALISM IS THE ONLY SALVATION FOR TURKEY " ONE OF A SCORE SUBMITTED IN THE NEWSPAPER'S ANNUAL ESSAY CONTEST . FORTNIGHT AGO, DR . ADNAN BENK, RESPECTED PROFESSOR OF PHILOLOGY AT ISTANBUL UNIVERSITY, AND AFSAR TIMUCIN, EDITOR OF THE CULTURAL MAGAZINE ATAC, WERE CLAPPED INTO PRISON FOR ANOTHER CRIME WITH WORDS . ATAC HAD CARRIED BENK'S TRANSLATION OF PARTS OF A BOOK THAT INCLUDED FOUR QUOTATIONS FROM KARL MARX . PRIOR TO RELEASING THE PAIR LAST WEEK ON BAIL, AN ISTANBUL JUDGE IGNORED BENK'S ARGUMENT THAT THE ENTIRE BOOK CAN BE READ IN THE ISTANBUL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY . SPECIFICALLY ACCUSED OF SPREADING COMMUNIST PROPAGANDA, THE FOUR DEFENDANTS, UNDER ARTICLE 142, COULD GET PRISON TERMS OF 15 YEARS . 
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SOUTH VIET NAM THE STRAIN OF CONSTANT COMBAT AFTER A WEEK OF MAJOR BATTLES, FURIOUS FIGHTING AND HEAVY CASUALTIES (TIME, JAN . 11), THE WAR IN SOUTH VIET NAM SETTLED BACK LAST WEEK INTO ITS NORMAL PATTERN OF VICIOUS, HIDE-AND-SEEK, HIT-AND-RUN ENGAGEMENTS . ONE BAND OF COMMUNIST VIET CONG GUERRILLAS BEHEADED A GOVERNMENT PROVINCIAL DISTRICT CHIEF NORTHWEST OF SAIGON, AND ANOTHER KNOCKED OVER A STRATEGIC HAMLET IN THE NORTHEAST, CAPTURING ENOUGH U.S . WEAPONS TO EQUIP AN ENTIRE RED COMPANY . WITH U.S . HELICOPTER CREWS WORKING OVERTIME, GOVERNMENT TROOPS KILLED AND WOUNDED 75 VIET CONG AND CAPTURED TONS OF SUPPLIES IN A SWEEP THROUGH A REDINFESTED AREA NEAR THE CAMBODIAN BORDER . BUT THE STRAIN OF CONSTANT COMBAT WAS BEGINNING TO TELL ON THE U.S . CHOPPER PILOTS . HEADING BACK TO BASE AFTER 15 HOURS OF CONTINUOUS ASSAULTS AGAINST RED POSITIONS ONE NIGHT LAST WEEK, A U.S . WHIRLYBIRD SUDDENLY TOPPLED OUT OF FORMATION AND, WITH ITS RED FLYING LIGHTS CARVING CRAZY PATTERNS IN THE DARKNESS OVER THE MEKONG RIVER, SPUN INTO THE GROUND . WHEN RESCUE WORKERS REACHED THE COPTER'S TWISTED WRECKAGE, THEY FOUND THE MANGLED BODIES OF SEVEN U.S . CREW MEMBERS . WITH TEN AMERICANS ALREADY KILLED IN 1963, ONE UISER REMARKED BITTERLY : " IT LOOKS LIKE THIS IS GOING TO BE A HELL OF A YEAR FOR US . 
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SOUTH VIET NAM RICE & RATS ONE DAY LAST JULY SERGEANT FIRST CLASS ROQUE MATAGULAY, 31, A GUAM-BORN U.S . MILITARY ADVISER WITH A VIETNAMESE DETACHMENT, VENTURED OUT OF HIS COMPOUND NEAR THE COASTAL TOWN OF PHANTHIET, 90 MILES EAST OF SAIGON, ON AN OFF-DUTY HUNTING TRIP . INSTEAD OF GAME, SERGEANT MATAGULAY RAN INTO A BAND OF COMMUNIST VIET CONG GUERRILLAS, WAS HELD CAPTIVE UNTIL HIS RELEASE LAST MONTH . LAST WEEK, IN HIS FIRST PRESS CONFERENCE SINCE HE WAS FREED, MATAGULAY DEPICTED THE SPARTAN LIFE AND GRIM DEDICATION OF THE VIET CONG . MATAGULAY SAID THAT THE VIET CONG MOVED FREELY OVER THE COUNTRYSIDE AND THAT IN THE VILLAGES PEASANTS FREELY OFFERED REBELS FOOD AND SHELTER . THE TYPICAL MENU FOR BOTH PRISONER AND CAPTORS WAS RICE, SALT AND FISH OIL . RATS WERE AN OCCASIONAL DELICACY THAT BRIGHTENED THE DIET SERVED BOTH AS RAT SOUP AND BARBECUED RODENT . THOUGH GAME WAS PLENTIFUL, THE REDS NEVER HUNTED . " THEY WERE AFRAID TO USE UP AMMUNITION HUNTING DEER, " SAID MATAGULAY . FOR THE FIRST SEVERAL MONTHS OF HIS CAPTIVITY, MATAGULAY WAS TIED UP AND CONSTANTLY REMINDED THAT HE WOULD BE KILLED ON THE SPOT IF HE MADE THE SLIGHTEST EFFORT TO ESCAPE . HE UNDERWENT NO PHYSICAL TORTURE, INSTEAD WAS DAILY SUBJECTED TO EIGHT SOLID HOURS OF POLITICAL INDOCTRINATION AND INTERROGATION . MATAGULAY WAS FORCED TO LISTEN TO THE ENGLISH-LANGUAGE BROADCASTS ON COMMUNIST NORTH VIET NAM'S RADIO HANOI THREE TIMES A DAY AND WAS REGULARLY TESTED ON WHAT THEY HAD TO SAY ABOUT THE WORLD SITUATION . OBVIOUSLY BECAUSE MADAGULAY IS A DARKSKINNED GUAMANIAN, HIS INTERROGATORS HARPED ON THE PLIGHT OF THE NEGROES IN THE U.S . SOUTH . AGAIN AND AGAIN, HE REFUSED TO SIGN ANTI-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA DOCUMENTS, BUT FINALLY, WRACKED WITH MALARIA AND WITH HIS WEIGHT DOWN FROM 185 TO 145, HE SIGNED FOUR STATEMENTS, " WHEN I BELIEVED I WAS AT THE END OF MY PHYSICAL ENDURANCE . " THE DOCUMENTS, WHICH MATAGULAY LATER HAD TO READ ALOUD SO THAT THE VIET CONG COULD RECORD THEM ON TAPE, BITTERLY ATTACKED SOUTH VIET NAM'S PRESIDENT NGO DINH DIEM AND THE U.S.'S SUPPORT FOR HIS GOVERNMENT . LAST MONTH, TO CHEER MATAGULAY UP, THE COMMUNISTS SAID THAT THEY WERE FIXING HIM A SPECIAL CHRISTMAS DINNER . HE NEVER GOT IT . ON CHRISTMAS EVE THE REDS HELD A RELEASE CEREMONY, INVITED 400 SOLDIERS, PEASANTS, WOMEN AND CHILDREN TO WITNESS A LAST ACT OF GENEROSITY TO THEIR PRISONER . MATAGULAY THEN WAS PUT ON A BUS AND SENT BACK TO FREEDOM . 
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INDIA THE WARNING ON THE WALLS AN OLD CHINESE PROVERB SAYS, WHERE THERE IS AN EXCESS OF CEREMONY, THERE IS SURE TO BE DECEIT . " IN RED CHINA LAST WEEK, CEYLON'S VISITING PRIME MINISTER, MRS . SIRIMAVO BANDARANAIKE, SNIFFED INCENSE, WAS WINED AND DINED BY PREMIER CHOU EN-LAI, AND WAS EVEN TAKEN TO SEE A RELIC OF BUDDHA'S TOOTH . REASON FOR THE INDULGENT TREATMENT WAS THE SET OF PROPOSALS THAT MRS . BANDARANAIKE BROUGHT TO PEKING AS SPOKESMAN FOR THE SIX NONALIGNED NATIONS GHANA, EGYPT, INDONESIA, BURMA, CAMBODIA AND CEYLON WHO MET IN COLOMBO LAST MONTH AND TOOK IT UPON THEMSELVES TO ARBITRATE THE BLOODY HIMALAYAN BORDER DISPUTE BETWEEN CHINA AND INDIA . THE NEUTRALS' SOLUTION DELIGHTED THE CHINESE, FOR IT SET UP A DEMILITARIZED ZONE ALONG THE HIMALAYAN FRONTIER AND ACTUALLY GAVE RED CHINA MORE TERRITORY IN INDIA THAN IT HAD OCCUPIED BEFORE ITS SUDDEN INVASION LAST OCTOBER . EXPECTING AT LEAST A TOKEN CONDEMNATION OF CHINESE AGGRESSION FROM ITS OLD NEUTRALIST CRONIES, INDIA WAS, TO SAY THE LEAST, DISAPPOINTED . IN NEW DELHI, PRIME MINISTER JAWAHARLAL NEHRU RECEIVED MRS . BANDARANAIKE COOLLY AFTER HER TEN-DAY SOJOURN IN CHINA, BUT DID NOT REJECT HER PROPOSALS OUTRIGHT . NEHRU STILL HOPES TO GAIN TIME TO BUILD UP HIS SHATTERED ARMED FORCES . TOO MUCH DELAY, HOWEVER, COULD TRY CHINA'S PATIENCE ; STILL SCRATCHED ON MANY BUILDINGS IN THE HIMALAYAS IS THE OMINOUS WARNING LEFT BY CHINESE TROOPS AS THEY WITHDREW AFTER LAST MONTH'S CEASEFIRE : " WE MAY HAVE TO RETURN . " 
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GREAT BRITAIN THE SHOCK OF TODAY (SEE COVER) THE SIGNS AND SYMBOLS OF PROSPERITY ARE EVERYWHERE IN BRITAIN, CROWDING THE PAST, COMPLICATING THE PRESENT . ALONG ROLLING ROMAN ROADS AND WINDING COUNTRY LANES, PAST SLEEPING NORMAN CHURCHES AND WHITEWASHED FARMS, WEEKEND TRAFFIC FLOWS LIKE AN INVADING ARMY . LONDON'S RAW NEW OFFICE BUILDINGS JOSTLE GEORGIAN MANSIONS ; A HILTON HOTEL STARES IMPERTINENTLY DOWN ONTO BUCKINGHAM PALACE . BOWLING ALLEYS AND DANCE HALLS ARE PACKED EACH NIGHT OF THE WEEK . ON CITY ROOFTOPS, TV ANTENNAS STAND AS THICK AS THE ENGLISH ARCHERS AT AGINCOURT . IN ONE DECADE, THE NUMBER OF CARS ON THE ROADS HAS DOUBLED (TO 6,000,000), THOUGH THE ENTIRE ISLAND BOASTS ONLY 190 MILES OF EXPRESSWAY . MOST BRITONS EARN TWICE AS MUCH AS THEY DID IN 1949, AND THEY ARE GAMBLING AND BETTING THEIR LOLLY AT THE STUPEFYING RATE OF $3 BILLION A YEAR . ONE OF LONDON'S MOST EXQUISITE 18TH CENTURY HOUSES OPENED RECENTLY AS AN OPULENT GAMBLING CLUB . IN THE PAST TWO YEARS, BINGO PALACES AND BETTING SHOPS HAVE MUSHROOMED THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY, WHICH SOME NOW CALL " THE WINDFALL STATE . " THESE DAYS, MORE THAN 3,500,000 " INSULAR / BRITONS GO ABROAD EACH YEAR MOSTLY TO THE CONTINENT, WHERE DARTS AND MARMALADE AND TEA AT 4 : 30 ARE NOW AN ACCEPTED PART OF THE RITES OF SUMMER . BRITONS ARE BETTER EDUCATED AND IN BETTER HEALTH THAN EVER BEFORE AND NEED PAY NO DOCTORS' BILLS . YET, FOR ALL THEIR HEADY NEW AFFLUENCE, THE BRITISH TODAY FEEL DISTURBED AND INSECURE . THEIR TROUBLED MOOD IS INDEFINABLE BUT INESCAPABLE . IT IS A SENSE OF UNEASE IN WHICH IS BLENDED THE AWARENESS OF NATIONAL DECLINE, THE CONSCIOUS SENSE OF FAILURE TO FIND NEW OUTLETS FOR THEIR ENERGIES, A FEELING THAT MANY OF THEIR HALLOWED INSTITUTIONS AND TRADITIONS ARE INCREASINGLY IRRELEVANT TO A FORMIDABLY CHANGED WORLD . TWO RINGS . THE NATION'S COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY, ITS EDUCATION AND ETHICS, WERE ALL DEVELOPED TO MEET THE CHALLENGE OF GLOBAL POWER . ITS HISTORY BOOKS AND LITERATURE REVERBERATE WITH THE NAMES OF SOLDIER-HEROES AND THE BATTLEFIELDS ON WHICH THEY WON AND HELD AN EMPIRE : OMDURMAN AND LUCKNOW, QUEBEC, KHARTOUM, MAFEKING . IN EVERY CORNER OF THEIR ISLAND, STATUES AND STREET NAMES STILL CELEBRATE A GLORY THAT HAS PASSED . " YOU USED TO OPEN THE ATLAS, " MUSES A MANCHESTER BUSINESSMAN, " AND HALF THE WORLD WAS RED . NOW BRITAIN IS JUST A LITTLE RED SPECK OFF THE COAST OF EUROPE . " SUEZ CRUELLY DEMONSTRATED TO THE WORLD THAT IT TAKES POWER TO BE A POWER . BUT EVEN THEN, BRITONS COULD NOT COME TO TERMS WITH THE HARSH REALITY OF VANISHED MIGHT . THEIR FEELING OF SHOCK TODAY IS ALL THE GREATER BECAUSE IT HAS BEEN SO LONG DELAYED . AS IF BY SOME MALEVOLENT DESIGN, A WHOLE SERIES OF FRUSTRATIONS AND FAILURES HAS BESET BRITANNIA IN A FEW SHORT MONTHS, DEEPENING THE NATION'S ANGST . THE ABRUPT U.S . CANCELLATION OF THE SKYBOLT MISSILE RUDELY EXPOSED THE FACT THAT BRITAIN'S " INDEPENDENT " NUCLEAR DETERRENT IS IN FACT ALMOST WHOLLY DEPENDENT ON WASHINGTON . THERE WAS A TIME WHEN U.S . PRESIDENTS SOUGHT BRITAIN'S COUNSEL AND EVEN APPROVAL BEFORE TAKING ANY MAJOR INITIATIVE IN WORLD AFFAIRS ; IN THE CUBAN CRISIS, THE MOST PERILOUS OF THE LAST FEW YEARS, THE CELEBRATED JACK-MAC TELEPHONE RANG JUST TWICE . BACK ON THE DOLE . BRITAIN'S INSECURITY HAS BEEN EXACERBATED BY 14 LONG MONTHS OF HAGGLING WITH THE EUROPEANS . SWALLOWING THEIR PRIDE AND REVERSING CENTURIESOLD TRADITION, THE BRITISH DECIDED IN MID1961 TO CROSS THE CHANNEL AND MAKE COMMON CAUSE WITH THE CONTINENT . THEN LAST WEEK, JUST AS THEY WERE WITHIN SIGHT OF THEIR GOAL, CHARLES DE GAULLE OF FRANCE CONTEMPTUOUSLY CLOSED THE DOOR ON PERFIDIOUS ALBION . EVEN AT HOME, THE STORM SIGNALS WERE FLYING . ONCE AGAIN THE LINES OF UNEMPLOYED WORKERS ARE LENGTHENING OUTSIDE LABOR EXCHANGES . THE HALF-FORGOTTEN WORD " DOLE " IS BACK IN THE LANGUAGE . BRITAIN'S OVERALL UNEMPLOYMENT RATE OF 2.6 PER CENT , THOUGH MILD BY U.S . STANDARDS, IS AT A FOUR-YEAR PEAK AND STILL RISING . MOREOVER, MOST OF THE 600,000 MEN WITHOUT JOBS ARE CONCENTRATED IN A FEW DOZEN " BLACK SPOTS " IN THE NORTH, WHERE IN SOME COMMUNITIES UP TO 14 PER PER CENT OF THE WORK FORCE IS ON THE DOLE ($13 A WEEK FOR A MARRIED MAN) . GAP NONETHELESS, BRITAIN'S PROSPERITY IS POISED ON A KNIFE EDGE . IN THE PAST DECADE, ITS ECONOMY HAS GROWN ONLY 2FY PER YEAR ON AVERAGE ; IN 1962 IT ROSE ONLY 1 PER CENT , WHEREAS IN THE COMMON MARKET EVEN A 4 PER CENT GROWTH RATE IS CONSIDERED DISAPPOINTING . SINCE 1950, BALANCE-OF-PAYMENTS CRISES HAVE BROUGHT BRITAIN TO THE BRINK OF BANKRUPTCY SIX TIMES . BY DRACONIAN MEASURES THE GOVERNMENT SUCCEEDED LAST YEAR IN BOOSTING EXPORTS 3 PER CENT FOR A NEW $11 BILLION POSTWAR RECORD, HELPING TO MAINTAIN GOLD AND HARD-CURRENCY RESERVES . HOWEVER, IT WAS ONLY ABLE TO ACHIEVE STABILITY BY CUTTING BACK CREDIT AND CURBING INDUSTRIAL EXPANSION . " OTHER COUNTRIES HAVE HAD THEIR ECONOMIC MIRACLES, " SIGHS A MANCHESTER JOURNALIST . " BRITAIN HAS HAD ITS CRISES . " BRITAIN NEEDED URGENTLY TO EXPAND ITS MARKETS AND BROADEN ITS SHAKY FINANCIAL BASE . ONCE INSIDE EUROPE, BRITISH INDUSTRY WAS CONFIDENT THAT IT COULD SUBSTANTIALLY BOOST EXPORTS TO THE SIX . IT ALSO ANTICIPATED A HEAVY INFLUX OF INVESTMENT CAPITAL FROM U.S . AND OTHER FOREIGN COMPANIES EAGER TO HAVE A BRITISH TOEHOLD IN THE COMMON MARKET . IF BRITAIN WERE FINALLY EXCLUDED FROM EUROPE, INVESTMENT WOULD CONTINUE TO DWINDLE AND BRITAIN MIGHT BE FORCED AS A RESULT TO MAKE DRASTIC CUTS IN ITS LIVING STANDARDS . MEANWHILE, IT MAY EITHER RETREAT BEHIND HIGH TARIFF WALLS OR ELSE RETURN TO ITS CLASSIC IDEAL OF FREE TRADE, POSSIBLY IN ASSOCIATION WITH THE U.S . AND EUROPEAN NATIONS OUTSIDE THE MARKET . THIS WEEK, AS M.P.S FLOCKED BACK TO WESTMINSTER FROM THE CHRISTMAS RECESS, UNEMPLOYMENT THREATENED TO BE AN EVEN MORE EXPLOSIVE ISSUE THAN THE COLLAPSE OF THE COMMON MARKET NEGOTIATIONS . THE GOVERNMENT'S BEST ASSET IN TIME OF CRISIS HAS ALWAYS BEEN THE PRIME MINISTER, A POLITICAL MACHOUDINI WHO CAN SLITHER OUT OF ALMOST ANY TRAP BY SHEER SLEIGHT-OF-HAND . UNDISTURBED BY THE COUNTRY'S MOUNTING FRUSTRATION OVER UNEMPLOYMENT AND HOUSING, MACMILLAN DID NOT SWING INTO ACTION UNTIL LAST SUMMER, AFTER THE TORIES HAD SUFFERED THE WORST SERIES OF BY-ELECTION REVERSES INFLICTED ON A BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN 40 YEARS . IN HIS THIRD AND MOST DRASTIC CABINET RESHUFFLE SINCE HE TOOK OFFICE, MACMILLAN PURGED HALF HIS MINISTERS, HANDED KEY POSTS TO SOME OF THE BRIGHTEST YOUNG POLITICIANS EAST OF THE NEW FRONTIER . TO GINGER UP THE FALTERING ECONOMY, NEW CHANCELLOR OF THE EXCHEQUER REGINALD MAUDLING CUT INTEREST RATES, GAVE GENEROUS NEW TAX CONCESSIONS TO INDUSTRY, SLASHED PURCHASE TAXES ON AUTOS AND A WIDE RANGE OF CONSUMER GOODS . TO SPEED HOMEBUILDING AND SLUM CLEARANCE A TASK THAT MACMILLAN HIMSELF DISCHARGED WITH DISTINCTION IN HIS FIRST CABINET POST IN 1951 THE PRIME MINISTER BROUGHT IN SIR KEITH JOSEPH, 45, AN ASTUTE POLITICIAN AND ONETIME CONSTRUCTION COMPANY EXECUTIVE, AND GAVE HIM THE GO-AHEAD FOR A MAJOR PUBLIC-WORKS PROGRAM . GEOFFREY RIPPON, 38, THE PARTY'S " BACK-ROOM " HOUSING EXPERT, WAS ASSIGNED TO STREAMLINE ARCHAIC BUILDING CODES AND TECHNIQUES . TWO WEEKS AGO, AS UNEMPLOYMENT KEPT RISING AND SUPPORT FOR THE GOVERNMENT SLUMPED TO AN ALLTIME LOW (36 PER CENT V . 45 PER CENT FOR LABOR), MACMILLAN ASSIGNED LORD HAILSHAM, HIS MINISTER OF SCIENCE AND FORMER PARTY CHAIRMAN, TO MAKE A CRASH EFFORT TO HELP THE WORST DEPRESSED AREAS AS CABINET MINISTER RESPONSIBLE FOR THE NORTHEAST . THE GOVERNMENT DOES NOT HAVE TO CALL AN ELECTION FOR 21 MONTHS . IT HAS RECENTLY SEEMED LIKELY, HOWEVER, THAT MACMILLAN WOULD GO TO THE PEOPLE IN THE COMING FALL . BY THEN, POLITICIANS FIGURED, BRITAIN WOULD HAVE MADE HER TRIUMPHAL ENTRY INTO THE COMMON MARKET, AND THE GOVERNMENT'S PUMP PRIMING WOULD HAVE THINNED THE UNEMPLOYMENT ROLLS AND REINVIGORATED THE ECONOMY . BUT AFTER LAST WEEK'S DIMMING OF HOPES FOR A PROMPT ENTRY INTO EUROPE, THE GOVERNMENT MAY FEEL CONSTRAINED TO SEEK A NEW MANDATE EVEN EARLIER . THE CONSERVATIVES HAVE BEEN IN POWER FOR ELEVEN STRAIGHT YEARS, THE LONGEST UNBROKEN INNINGS THAT ANY PARTY HAS ENJOYED SINCE THE 23-YEAR TORY REIGN THAT ENDED IN 1830 . SIXTEEN BY-ELECTION SETBACKS FOR THE TORIES IN THE PAST YEAR HAVE BADLY DENTED MACMILLAN'S PRESTIGE . UNTIL HUGH GAITSKELL'S DEATH LAST WEEK, A TORY DEFEAT IN THE NEXT ELECTIONS SEEMED AT LEAST A POSSIBILITY . AGAINST A DEMORALIZED, LEADERLESS OPPOSITION, THE CONSERVATIVE CHANCES ARE FAR BRIGHTER FOR THE FOURTH STRAIGHT ELECTORAL VICTORY . SOME EXPERTS SPECULATE THAT HAROLD MACMILLAN MAY DECIDE TO STEP DOWN AFTER THE ELECTION . HE HAS NO CLEAR HEIR, BUT DEPUTY PRIME MINISTER R . ARAB " ) BUTLER, AN ASTUTE TACTICIAN WHO IS DISTRUSTED BY TORY RIGHTWINGERS, WOULD SUCCEED HIM IF MACMILLAN WERE REMOVED TOMORROW . 
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TOGO DEATH AT THE GATE FOR SYLVANUS OLYMPIO, 60, PRESIDENT OF TOGO, THE NIGHTMARE BEGAN SHORTLY AFTER MIDNIGHT . DISTURBED BY STRANGE SOUNDS IN HIS COMFORTABLE HOUSE IN THE CAPITAL CITY OF LOME, OLYMPIO GRABBED A PISTOL AND WENT TO THE HEAD OF THE STAIRS . THERE, TO HIS CONSTERNATION, WAS A CROWD OF MUTINOUS SOLDIERS CROWDING THE FLOOR BELOW . BAREFOOT, CLAD IN SHORTS AND SPORT SHIRT, OLYMPIO LEAPED THROUGH A WINDOW ONTO THE SOFT, SANDY EARTH OF HIS GARDEN . HE MADE IT TO THE U.S . EMBASSY COMPOUND NEXT DOOR . IN THE GRAVELED COURTYARD, OLYMPIO FOUND A PARKED PLYMOUTH SEDAN BELONGING TO THE EMBASSY, AND CRAWLED IN . THERE, IN THE EARLY MORNING SUNLIGHT, HE WAS SPOTTED HUDDLED BENEATH THE STEERING WHEEL BY ONE OF THE MUTINEERS . CRYING " ALL RIGHT, YOU HAVE ME .! " , OLYMPIO SURRENDERED AND, PRODDED BY RIFLE BUTTS, WAS HUSTLED DOWN THE DRIVEWAY, PAST A MANGO TREE AND THROUGH THE GREEN GATE . THERE HE BALKED . SERGEANT ETIENNE EYADEMA, COMMANDER OF THE REBEL DETACHMENT, LATER DECLARED : " HE COULD NOT STAY THERE . THERE WOULD HAVE BEEN DEMONSTRATIONS . HE WOULD NOT MOVE . I SHOT HIM . " AT 7 THAT MORNING, U.S . AMBASSADOR LEON POULLADA DROVE UP TO THE EMBASSY BUILDING, FOUND PRESIDENT OLYMPIO LYING IN A POOL OF BLOOD JUST OUTSIDE THE COMPOUND . THERE WERE RED FINGER SMEARS ON THE GATE, AS IF HE HAD STRUGGLED TO RISE . AS EMBASSY AIDES CARRIED THE CORPSE INTO THE COURTYARD, FAT LIZARDS SCUTTLED AWAY ACROSS THE GRAVEL AND LOUNGING TOGOLESE SOLDIERS WATCHED SILENTLY FROM A NEARBY STREET CORNER . " BLOW TO PROGRESS . " THUS LAST WEEK DIED THE MAN WHO WAS RULER OF A POSTAGESTAMP-SIZED REPUBLIC (75 BY 340 MILES) ON THE SWELTERING WEST AFRICAN COAST . CHIEF ARCHITECT OF TOGO'S 1960 INDEPENDENCE FROM FRENCH CONTROL, LONDON-EDUCATED OLYMPIO PRACTICED STERN AUSTERITY AT HOME, REJECTED DEMAGOGUERY AND SIDED OPENLY WITH THE WEST . PRESIDENT KENNEDY, WHOM OLYMPIO VISITED IN WASHINGTON LAST MARCH, MOURNED HIS DEATH AS " A BLOW TO THE PROGRESS OF STABLE GOVERNMENT IN AFRICA . " SUSPICION IMMEDIATELY FOCUSED ON GHANA'S STRONGMAN KWAME NKRUMAH, WHO HAS CONDUCTED A BITTER FEUD WITH OLYMPIO OVER CONTROL OF THE POWERFUL, 700,000MEMBER EWE (PRONOUNCED EV-VY) TRIBE, WHICH WAS SPLIT BETWEEN BOTH COUNTRIES BY EUROPEAN BOUNDARY-SETTERS . TWICE BEFORE, ASSASSINS HAD TRIED TO KILL OLYMPIO ; EACH TIME GHANA'S AGENTS WERE ACCUSED . BUT THIS TIME IT WAS OLYMPIO'S OWN ZEALOUS ECONOMIES THAT BROUGHT DISASTER . " BON . CA VA . " AS PART OF HIS ECONOMIC AUSTERITY PROGRAM, OLYMPIO HAD STUBBORNLY REFUSED TO EXPAND TOGO'S FLYSPECK ARMY BEYOND ITS STANDING STRENGTH OF 250 MEN EXACTLY ONE COMPANY . THIS ANGERED BOTH THE " ARMY " AND THE DEMOBILIZED, HARDEYED TOGOLESE VETERANS OF FRENCH COLONIAL WARS, WHO HAD FOUGHT FROM INDO-CHINA TO ALGERIA BUT COULD FIND NO PLACE IN THEIR HOMELAND'S ARMED FORCES . RECENTLY, A TOUGH EX-SERGEANT, EMMANUEL BODJOLLE, 35, JOBLESS AND WITH A FAMILY TO SUPPORT, ORGANIZED A CONSPIRACY WITH 30 OTHER NONCOMS . LAST WEEK, AFTER OLYMPIO TORE UP A FINAL PLEA TO TAKE INTO THE SERVICE AT LEAST 60 OF THE MOST QUALIFIED VETERANS, BODJOLLE SNAPPED : " BON . CA VA . " THAT MIDNIGHT HIS BATTLE-TOUGH INSURGENTS STRUCK, EASILY OCCUPYING THE CAPITAL . OLYMPIO'S SUCCESSOR IS NICOLAS GRUNITZKY, 49, HIS BROTHER-IN-LAW, WHO WAS SWEPT OUT OF OFFICE AS TERRITORIAL PREMIER FOR THE FRENCH WHEN OLYMPIO TOOK OVER FIVE YEARS AGO . GRUNITZKY'S FIRST ACT WAS TO ANNOUNCE THAT TOGO WOULD ALIGN ITSELF WITH THE AFRO-MALAGASY UNION, THE PRO-FRENCH ASSOCIATION OF WEST AFRICA STATES . THEN HE DECLARED FREE ELECTIONS WOULD SOON FOLLOW . BUT, AS SO OFTEN HAPPENS IN SUCH CIRCUMSTANCES, HE DECIDED IT WOULD BE BEST TO DISSOLVE PARLIAMENT AND RULE ALONE UNTIL THINGS SETTLED DOWN . 
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THE CONGO TSHOMBE'S TWILIGHT THE KATANGA STRUGGLE SEEMED OVER AT LAST . IT HAD BEEN A 2F-YEAR SIEGE THAT BROUGHT THE U.N . CLOSE TO BANKRUPTCY, SET THE U.S . AT ODDS WITH ITS PRINCIPAL EUROPEAN ALLIES AND THREATENED TO IMMERSE CENTRAL AFRICA IN BLOOD . NOW, KATANGA'S REBEL MOISE TSHOMBE SAT WANLY BEHIND A DESK IN A STUCCO COTTAGE IN THE COPPER TOWN OF KOLWEZI AND DECLARED, " I AM READY TO PROCLAIM IMMEDIATELY BEFORE THE WORLD THAT KATANGA'S SECESSION IS ENDED . " THE WORDS OF THE MERCURIAL MOISE HAD A FAMILIAR RING, AND THERE WERE SKEPTICS WHO SUGGESTED THE PLEDGE WAS FALSE . " I'LL BELIEVE IT WHEN I SEE IT, " SAID ONE DIPLOMAT IN ELISABETHVILLE . " WE KNOW THE MAN, " SHRUGGED CENTRAL GOVERNMENT PREMIER CYRILLE ADOULA IN LEOPOLDVILLE . " IT IS NOT THE FIRST TIME THAT TSHOMBE HAS DECLARED HIMSELF READY TO RENOUNCE HIS AMBITIONS TO FOUND AN INDEPENDENT STATE . " WISE ACT . " BUT THIS TIME TSHOMBE HAD LITTLE CHOICE . BLUE-HELMETED U.N . TROOPS CONTROLLED NEARLY ALL THE MAJOR RAIL AND POPULATION CENTERS OF KATANGA PROVINCE, AND U.N . SECRETARY-GENERAL U THANT WAS NOT BACKING DOWN ON HIS THREAT TO CRUSH KATANGA'S WILY SECESSIONIST . UP TO THE LAST MOMENT, TSHOMBE WAVERED . HAVING FLED FROM ELISABETHVILLE " A FRIGHTENED AND DEJECTED MAN, " IN THE WORDS OF BRITISH AND BELGIAN OFFICIALS, HE TURNED UP LAST WEEK IN KOLWEZI, WHERE THE LAST 3,000 OF HIS 20,000-MAN GENDARMERIE WERE HOLED UP . A TWO-MAN PEACE MISSION COMPOSED OF JACQUES HOUARD, BELGIUM'S CONSUL GENERAL IN SALISBURY, SOUTHERN RHODESIA, AND ANDRE VAN ROEY, DIRECTOR OF KATANGA'S NATIONAL BANK, FOLLOWED HIM THERE . FOR 36 DESPERATE HOURS, THE TWO URGED HIM TO YIELD RATHER THAN CARRY OUT HIS THREAT TO BLOW UP THE HUGE DAMS AND COPPER AND COBALT MINES OPERATED BY THE GIANT UNION MINIERE COMPANY IN KOLWEZI . FINALLY, CONVINCED THAT HE HAD NO ALTERNATIVE, TSHOMBE GAVE IN . LATER, APPARENTLY TO SHOW NEWSMEN WHAT MIGHT HAVE HAPPENED, HE DROVE THEM TO A MINOR HYDROELECTRIC SUBSTATION 70 MILES OUTSIDE KOLWEZI, AIMED A SIX-POUND ARTILLERY PIECE AT IT AND PULLED THE LANYARD . THE SHOT WAS RIGHT ON TARGET . THE SUBSTATION, APPARENTLY LOADED WITH DYNAMITE, DISINTEGRATED WHILE TSHOMBE GUFFAWED . AS A FINAL ACT OF OBSTREPEROUSNESS HE HAD PEACEMAKER HOUARD THROWN OUT OF KATANGA BECAUSE, AS FOREIGN MINISTER EVARISTE KIMBA COMPLAINED, " YOU HAVE DONE NOTHING FOR US . " BUT TSHOMBE WAS BEATEN NONETHELESS . EVEN HIS OLD ALLY, SIR ROY WELENSKY, PRIME MINISTER OF THE RHODESIAS AND NYASALAND, TOLD HIM HE HAD " ACTED WISELY " IN YIELDING . IS EVERYBODY HAPPY ? THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT PROMISED MOISE " A GENERAL AND COMPLETE AMNESTY / FOR HIMSELF AND HIS FOLLOWERS . WITH THAT, TSHOMBE RETURNED TO ELISABETHVILLE TO WORK OUT THE PROCEDURES OF HIS CAPITULATION WITH U.N . OFFICIALS . HE FOUND THAT SOME OF THE DETAILS HAD ALREADY BEEN TAKEN CARE OF THE BLUE-AND-GOLD FLAG OF THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT NOW FLUTTERED OVER THE KATANGESE DEFENSE MINISTRY . SIXTY CIVIL SERVANTS AND 120 CONGOLESE ARMY OFFICERS ARRIVED FROM LEOPOLDVILLE TO TAKE OVER KATANGA'S MILITARY REMNANTS AND ADMINISTER POSTAL SERVICE, TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMS AND IMMIGRATION . AS RESIDENT MINISTER, LEOPOLDVILLE'S TOP MAN IN KATANGA WOULD BE SLIGHT, SOBER JOSEPH ILEO, 40, A MODERATE WHO SERVED AS INTERIM PREMIER OF THE CONGO AFTER ERRATIC PATRICE LUMUMBA WAS DEPOSED IN 1960 . THE QUESTION NOW WAS WHETHER LEOPOLDVILLE'S CENTRAL GOVERNMENT COULD KEEP KATANGA UNDER CONTROL NOW THAT IT WAS WON . IF THE MOB VIOLENCE BACK IN LEO ITSELF WAS ANY INDICATION, U.N . TROOPS WOULD HAVE TO STAY ON IN KATANGA FOR QUITE A WHILE . DOWN LEO'S BOULEVARD ALBERT STORMED 600 STUDENTS AND STREET URCHINS, SHOUTING " TSHOMBE TO THE GALLOWS ! " AT THE BRITISH EMBASSY, WHICH IS CONSIDERED FAIR GAME BECAUSE OF LONDON'S FRIENDLY POLICY TOWARD KATANGA, THE MOB BATTERED DOWN THE DOORS, SACKED THE OFFICES, AND TRIED TO PRY OFF A COAT OF ARMS BECAUSE, AS ONE STUDENT CRIED, " IT'S MADE OF KATANGA COPPER .! " AFTER AN HOUR, THE U.N.'S CONGO CHIEF ROBERT GARDINER ARRIVED AND SCATTERED THE MOB . ALL THE WHILE, A JEEPLOAD OF ADOULA'S COPS SAT CHUCKLING NEAR BY, MAKING NO MOVE TO STOP PILLAGE . 
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SYRIA FOILED AGAIN GENERALLY SPEAKING, SYRIA'S SOLDIERS ARE NO GREAT SHAKES AT FIGHTING . BUT THEY'RE A PERSISTENT LOT WHEN IT COMES TO OVERTHROWING THE GOVERNMENT AT HOME . NO FEWER THAN TEN ATTEMPTED COUPS HAVE TAKEN PLACE IN 13 YEARS . ONE GROUP OF OFFICERS HAS PLOTTED STEADILY FOR MORE THAN TWO YEARS . LED BY COLONEL ABDEL KARIM NAHLAWI, 39, THE MILITARY MALCONTENTS WERE IN ON THE COUP THAT SEVERED SYRIA'S UNION WITH EGYPT . LAST MARCH, THEY TRIED TO TAKE OVER THE GOVERNMENT, BUT WERE PACKED OFF AS MILITARY ATTACHES IN SYRIAN EMBASSIES ABROAD . LAST WEEK THE OFFICERS WERE UP TO THEIR OLD TRICKS AGAIN . INCENSED BY A DAMASCUS DECREE STRIPPING THEM OF THEIR ARMY STATUS, THE GROUP ARRANGED A DRAMATIC RENDEZVOUS IN TURKEY, THEN QUIETLY CROSSED THE FRONTIER AND MADE FOR THEIR OLD BARRACKS INSIDE SYRIA . GREETED JOYOUSLY BY SOME OF THEIR FORMER COMRADES IN ARMS, NAHLAWI'S MEN ISSUED A PUBLIC DEMAND THAT THEIR DISCHARGES BE CANCELED, AND THAT A NEW GENERAL STAFF TO THEIR LIKING BE PUT IN POWER . TO CONFUSE THINGS, THE REBELLIOUS SOLDIERS INSISTED ON A PLEBISCITE TO DECIDE ON CLOSER RELATIONS WITH NASSER'S EGYPT . OTHERWISE, NAHLAWI THREATENED, TROOPS UNDER HIS CONTROL WOULD MARCH ON DAMASCUS . FOR PRESIDENT NAZEM EL-KOUDSI, IT WAS AN OLD FAMILIAR TUNE . COOLLY, HE PLAYED FOR TIME, AGREED TO " CONSIDER " THE DEMANDS IF NAHLAWI WOULD NEGOTIATE AT ARMY HEADQUARTERS . THE TALKS DRAGGED ON FOR THREE CRISIS-FILLED DAYS . THEN, KOUDSI MOBILIZED HIS OWN FORCES, ONE NIGHT SUDDENLY SURROUNDED THE ARMY GHQ WITH ARMORED CARS . COLONEL NAHLAWI GOT THE POINT . IN ANOTHER COUNTRY, HE AND HIS MEN MIGHT HAVE BEEN JAILED, OR EVEN EXECUTED FOR TREASON . BUT KOUDSI, WHO KEEPS A PREPARED RESIGNATION IN HIS DESK JUST IN CASE THE SOLDIERS SHOULD SOME DAY WIN, CHOSE NOT TO PUSH HIS LUCK . ESCORTED ABOARD AN AIRLINER AND GIVEN $1,000 APIECE TO COVER THEIR EXPENSES, THE REBELS WERE SENT BACK TO DIPLOMATIC POSTS IN CIVVIES . 
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SOUTH ARABIA AND ADEN MAKES TWELVE WITH ITS STUPEFYING TEMPERATURES AND BLEAK TERRAIN, BRITAIN'S ADEN COLONY ON THE SOUTHWESTERN FRINGE OF THE ARABIAN PENINSULA IS ONE OF THE WORLD'S MOST UNATTRACTIVE PIECES OF REAL ESTATE . BUT IT HAS ITS VALUE NONETHELESS . BETWEEN SUEZ AND SINGAPORE, IT IS THE ONLY SUITABLE FUELING AND VICTUALING STATION FOR THE BRITISH NAVY, AND 8,000 TROOPS OF HER MAJESTY'S MIDDLE EAST COMMAND ARE STATIONED ON ITS 75 SQUARE MILES OF OVERHEATED ROCK . TO STRENGTHEN THE PRECIOUS LITTLE COLONY AGAINST THE COVETOUS DESIRES OF NEARBY YEMEN, THE BRITISH SINCE 1959 HAVE BEEN LINKING NEIGHBORING SULTANATES AND EMIRATES IN A NEW FEDERATION OF SOUTH ARABIA . ADEN WAS TO JOIN IN MARCH, BUT AN OUTBURST OF RIOTS SPARKED BY PRO-YEMEN LABOR LEADERS AND THE EMERGENCE OF AN EGYPTIAN BACKED NATIONALIST REGIME IN YEMEN ITSELF PERSUADED BRITAIN TO SPEED THINGS UP . LAST WEEK THE BRITISH MADE ADEN THE TWELFTH MEMBER OF THE FEDERATION, RETAINING CONTROL BUT VAGUELY PROMISING EVENTUAL INDEPENDENCE . ARAB NATIONALISTS WERE UNHAPPY . WHILE THE FEDERATION'S BLACK, YELLOW, GREEN AND BLUE FLAG WENT UP OVER GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS IN PLACE OF THE UNION JACK, ANTI-FEDERATION RESIDENTS RAISED MOURNING FLAGS INSTEAD . 
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TUNISIA PALS NO MORE ONE OF THE MOST PERISHABLE COMMODITIES IN THE ARAB WORLD SEEMS TO BE GRATITUDE . WHEN ALGERIA WON INDEPENDENCE FROM FRANCE AFTER SEVEN YEARS OF BLOODY WAR, ITS PEOPLE WERE DEEPLY INDEBTED TO NEIGHBORING TUNISIA, WHOSE PRESIDENT HABIB BOURGUIBA, 59, HAD GIVEN SHELTER TO 200,000 ALGERIAN REFUGEES AND PROVIDED A REFUGE FOR THE TRAINING AND EQUIPMENT OF 18,000 ALGERIAN FIGHTING MEN . BUT LAST WEEK, IN A SHOUTING, GESTICULATING SPEECH IN THE VAST CASBAH SQUARE OF TUNIS, BOURGUIBA SAID IT WAS " SURPRISING " TO DISCOVER THAT ALGERIA HAS " BECOME A RESIDENCE FOR CRIMINALS AND PLOTTERS AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT OF TUNISIA . " HE SEEMED MOSTLY UPSET BY THE FACT THAT ALGERIA HAS REFUSED TO EXTRADITE ONE BOUBEKER MUSTAFI, A TUNISIAN ACCUSED OF BEING PARTY TO THE CHRISTMAS ASSASSINATION PLOT AGAINST BOURGUIBA (TIME, JAN . 4), FOR WHICH 13 TUNISIANS HAVE BEEN CONDEMNED TO DEATH . BOURGUIBA RIDICULED 46-YEAR-OLD ALGERIAN PREMIER AHMED BEN BELLA AS " AN INEXPERIENCED, EXCITED YOUTH, " AND " A SIMPLE-MINDED PEASANT, " BUT CONCEDED THAT " NOT ALL MEMBERS OF THE ALGERIAN GOVERNMENT WERE INVOLVED . " IN ANY CASE, BOASTED BOURGUIBA, " WE HAVE ENOUGH POWER AND STRENGTH TO FACE ANY ADVERSARY . I DON'T INTEND TO KEEP UP HYPOCRITICAL RELATIONS WITH ANY GOVERNMENT . " AT WEEK'S END BOURGUIBA MADE HIS DISPLEASURE OFFICIAL BY SUMMONING HOME TUNISIA'S AMBASSADOR TO ALGERIA . BUT THERE WAS NO BREAK IN DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS, NOR ANY SIGN THAT TUNISIA'S 10,000-MAN ARMY WAS PREPARING TO TAKE ON ALGERIA'S 120,000 VETERAN TROOPS . 
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COLD WAR OF BASES & BOMBS AT FIRST GLIMPSE, IT CERTAINLY BORE ALL THE SIGNS OF A U.S.-SOVIET DEAL . FIRST THE NEWS BROKE THAT PREMIER KHRUSHCHEV, IN A SECRET LETTER TO PRESIDENT KENNEDY, HAD AGREED TO REMOVE THE BIGGEST OBSTACLE TO A NUCLEAR TEST-BAN TREATY BY PERMITTING ON-SITE INSPECTIONS IN RUSSIA . SOON AFTERWARD, THE U.S . CONFIRMED THAT IT WAS PREPARING TO DISMANTLE ITS JUPITER BASE IN TURKEY, THE VERY THING THAT KHRUSHCHEV HAD DEMANDED WHEN THE U.S . FORCED HIM TO GET HIS MEDIUM-RANGE MISSILES OUT OF CUBA, AND ITS BASES IN ITALY, TOO . WAS THERE REALLY A DEAL ? NO . THE TWO EVENTS HAVE REALLY NO CONNECTION . THE KHRUSHCHEV OFFER, WHILE PROOF OF HIS CONTINUED MELLOWING, IS NEGLIGIBLE ; ANY TEST BAN WOULD DEPEND ON CONDITIONS VIRTUALLY IMPOSSIBLE TO FULFILL NOW . AS FOR THE REMOVAL OF AMERICAN MISSILE INSTALLATIONS FROM TURKEY AND ITALY, ITS PURPOSE, SAID PRESIDENT KENNEDY, IS SIMPLE TO PUT THE U.S . " IN A STRONGER POSITION / BY SUBSTITUTING POTENT POLARIS SUBMARINES FOR THE IMMOBILE, VULNERABLE IRBMS, SITTING DUCKS FOR SOVIET RETALIATION . SOLID V . LIQUID . MONTHS BEFORE KHRUSHCHEV SUGGESTED HIS CUBA-FOR-TURKEY SWAP, THE JOINT CHIEFS HAD BEGUN CONSIDERING THE PHASE-OUT OF BASES IN TURKEY, ITALY, AND IN ENGLAND AS WELL . THE DISMANTLING OF THE 60 THOR MISSILES IN BRITAIN IS TO BEGIN THIS SPRING . MORE THAN COMPENSATING FOR THEIR LOSS ARE EIGHT POLARIS SUBS OPERATING OUT OF HOLY LOCH, SCOTLAND, EACH TOTING 16 MISSILES . TO REPLACE THE 15 JUPITERS IN TURKEY AND THE 30 IN ITALY, THE U.S . PLANS TO DEPLOY POSSIBLY SIX SUBS IN MEDITERRANEAN WATERS . TOTAL FIREPOWER : 96 MISSILES, EACH WITH A NUCLEAR-TIPPED WARHEAD PACKING THE EQUIVALENT OF 800,000 TONS OF TNT . COMPARED WITH JUPITER'S 1,500-MILE REACH, THE CURRENT POLARIS MISSILES HAVE A RANGE OF 1,380 TO 1,725 MILES, AND BEFORE LONG THE SUBS WILL GET A-3 MODELS WITH A 2,875MILE RANGE . THOUGH MOSCOW IS HARD AT WORK ON ANTI-SUB DEVICES, U.S . EXPERTS SEE NO EVIDENCE THAT THE RUSSIANS HAVE COME UP WITH AN EFFECTIVE DEFENSE AGAINST THE FLEET OF 41 POLARIS SUBS THAT WILL BE AT SEA BY 1967 . BOTH TURKEY AND ITALY SWIFTLY ACCEPTED THE CHANGEOVER . TO PROVIDE BERTHING FACILITIES FOR THE SUBS, THE U.S . HOPES TO EXPAND ITS NAVAL BASE AT ROTA ON SPAIN'S ATLANTIC COAST . QUESTION OF BOXES . THE CHANCE OF A WORKABLE NUCLEAR TEST-BAN TREATY SEEMED EQUALLY REMOTE . ACTUALLY, KHRUSHCHEV FIRST AGREED TO THE PRINCIPLE OF ON-SITE INSPECTIONS WAY BACK IN 1959, WHEN BRITAIN'S PRIME MINISTER MACMILLAN WAS IN MOSCOW, ONLY TO SHELVE IT AFTER HE BROKE THE THREE-YEAR TEST MORATORIUM IN 1961 . BUT HAVING CONCLUDED HIS OWN LATEST NUCLEAR TEST SERIES, KHRUSHCHEV DOUBTLESS FIGURES THAT HE HAS LITTLE TO LOSE FROM AN EFFORT TO STOP ALL TESTING FOR A WHILE . " THE TIME HAS COME NOW, " KHRUSHCHEV WROTE KENNEDY JUST BEFORE CHRISTMAS, " TO PUT AN END ONCE AND FOR ALL TO NUCLEAR TESTS . WE ARE READY TO MEET YOU HALFWAY . " TO NIKITA, HALFWAY MEANT TWO OR THREE INSPECTIONS EACH YEAR TO INVESTIGATE SUSPICIOUS TREMORS ; THE U.S . THOUGHT THAT EIGHT INSPECTIONS WOULD BE THE MINIMUM, HAVING WHITTLED THAT DOWN FROM ITS ORIGINAL TWELVE . WHILE THE U.S . HAS BEEN DEMANDING THAT AT LEAST A DOZEN UNMANNED SEISMIC DETECTION STATIONS, OR " BLACK BOXES, " BE INSTALLED ON SOVIET SOIL, KHRUSHCHEV SAID THAT THREE WOULD DO ONE EACH IN SIBERIA'S ALTAI MOUNTAINS, THE VIRGIN LANDS OF SOVIET CENTRAL ASIA AND THE SOVIET FAR EAST . " WE BELIEVE, " HE CONCLUDED, " THAT NOW THE ROAD TO AGREEMENT IS STRAIGHT AND CLEAR . " ATMOSPHERIC NOISE . THIS WAS CLEARLY NOT KENNEDY'S VIEW, BUT HE DECLARED HIMSELF " ENCOURAGED, " SUGGESTED THAT EXPLORATORY TALKS BE HELD AND, AFTER THEY GOT STARTED, ORDERED A HALT TO THE CURRENT SERIES OF U.S . UNDERGROUND TESTS TO IMPROVE THEIR CHANCES OF SUCCESS . LAST WEEK SOVIET U.N . AMBASSADOR NIKOLAI T . FEDORENKO AND VETERAN GENEVA NEGOTIATOR SEMYON K . TSARAPKIN WERE CLOSETED IN WASHINGTON WITH U.S . ARMS CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT AGENCY CHIEF WILLIAM C . FOSTER AND BRITISH AMBASSADOR SIR DAVID ORMSBY GORE . THERE WAS NO SHORTAGE OF PROBLEMS . IN MOSCOW, DOUR FOREIGN MINISTER ANDREI GROMYKO DECLARED, " FRANCE MUST SIGN, " FULLY AWARE THAT DE GAULLE HAS NO INTENTION OF JOINING A TEST BAN . ANOTHER QUESTION WAS HOW TO RING IN RED CHINA, WHICH IS EXPECTED TO EXPLODE AN A-BOMB BY YEAR'S END . SINCE PEKING HAD NOT YET DONE SO, GROMYKO SAID, THE PROBLEM WAS " ARTIFICIAL . " ANXIOUS TO KEEP THE TALKS GOING, U.S . OFFICIALS GRASPED AT STRAWS AND HOPEFUL PHRASES . " I DON'T THINK THIS CLOSES THE DOOR, " SAID ONE . " IT'S JUST ATMOSPHERIC NOISE . " 
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GREAT BRITAIN AFTER HUGH, WHO ? THE DEATH OF HUGH GAITSKELL HAS LEFT BRITAIN'S OPPOSITION WITHOUT A SINGLE FIGURE WHO CAN BE COUNTED ON TO UNITE THE LABOR PARTY BEHIND HIM . WORSE YET, WITH ELECTION TALK IN THE AIR, LABORITES FEAR THAT NO LIKELY SUCCESSOR IS OF SUFFICIENT STATURE TO WIN IMMEDIATE NATIONAL ACCEPTANCE AS A POTENTIAL PRIME MINISTER . THE PARTY IS TORN BETWEEN TWO LEADING CONTENDERS WHO PERSONIFY THE WARRING EXTREMES WITHIN THE PARTY THAT TOOK HUGH GAITSKELL SEVEN TURBULENT YEARS TO PACIFY . TOP RIGHT-WING CANDIDATE IS DEPUTY LEADER GEORGE BROWN, AN EARTHY, ONETIME ERRAND BOY WHO INFURIATES LEFTIST INTELLECTUALS BY ADDRESSING THEM AS " BROTHER . " BROWN, 48, IS A STAUNCH ANTI-COMMUNIST, A FIRM BELIEVER IN THE WESTERN ALLIANCE, AND, UNTIL GAITSKELL COMMITTED THE PARTY TO AN ANTI-EUROPEAN LINE, WAS A VIGOROUS ADVOCATE OF BRITISH MEMBERSHIP IN THE COMMON MARKET . GUTTY, IMPULSIVE, OFTEN EXPLOSIVELY GAUCHE, BROWN HAS HAD LITTLE FORMAL EDUCATION OR TOP-LEVEL ADMINISTRATIVE EXPERIENCE, BUT IS A KNOWLEDGEABLE DEFENSE EXPERT WHO CRITICIZED BRITAIN'S COMMITMENT TO THE SKYBOLT MISSILE AS FAR BACK AS 1960 . HIS MOST IMPRESSIVE ENDORSEMENT CAME LAST WEEK FROM THE PRESTIGIOUS ECONOMIST, WHICH ARGUED THAT CRITICISMS OF HIS QUICK TEMPER AND IMPATIENCE WITH TECHNICAL DETAIL " COULD ALSO HAVE BEEN LEVIED AGAINST WINSTON CHURCHILL . " UNLIKE GAITSKELL, WHOSE POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY WAS BASED ON AN ESSENTIALLY OUT-OF-DATE VIEW OF AN " INSULAR AND DOWNTRODDEN ENGLAND, " ARGUED THE WEEKLY, BROWN'S SOCIALISM IS THAT " OF AN AGE WHEN INTELLIGENT THRUSTERS HAVE LEARNED TO LOOK FORWARD IN OPPORTUNITY . " / LITTLE HAROLD . " LABOR'S LEFT WING SUPPORTS HAROLD WILSON, 46, AN ADROIT, URBANE DEBATER AND TOPNOTCH INTELLECT WHO WAS AN OXFORD ECONOMICS DON AT 21 . AS PRESIDENT OF THE BOARD OF TRADE IN CLEMENT ATTLEE'S CABINET, PIPE-PUFFING YORKSHIREMAN WILSON HAS HAD MORE ADMINISTRATIVE EXPERIENCE THAN ANY OF HIS RIVALS, IS THE PARTY'S FOREIGN POLICY SPECIALIST . DESPITE HIS BRILLIANCE AND CHARM, WILSON'S FOES, WHO CALL HIM " LITTLE HAROLD, " REGARD HIM AS A SLIPPERY OPPORTUNIST WHO BACKS ONLY WINNING CAUSES THOUGH HE MISCALCULATED IN 1960 WHEN HE ATTEMPTED TO GRAB THE LEADERSHIP WHILE GAITSKELL WAS FIGHTING FOR HIS POLITICAL LIFE AGAINST THE PARTY'S POWERFUL ANTI-NATO BLOC . BROWN DEFEATED WILSON FOR THE DEPUTY LEADERSHIP, 133 TO 103, LAST YEAR . BUT THIS TIME BROWN HAS AN ADDED CHALLENGE : JAMES CALLAGHAN, 50, WHO ALSO HAS STRONG MIDDLE-ROAD AND RIGHT-WING SUPPORT . A NAVAL PETTY OFFICER'S SON WHO WOULD HAVE BEEN CHANCELLOR OF THE EXCHEQUER IN A GAITSKELL CABINET, " STOKER " CALLAGHAN IS A HARD-BOILED DEBATER AND EFFECTIVE TV PERFORMER, BUT IS REGARDED BY MANY COLLEAGUES AS A LIGHTWEIGHT . TO PREPARE FOR THE CHANCELLORSHIP, HE HAS BEEN CRAMMING WITH SOME OF OXFORD'S BRIGHTEST YOUNG DONS, WHO PRIVATELY RATE HIM " B OR B-PLUS . " HE IS AN ENGAGING, HARD-WORKING POLITICIAN, AND MANY OF BROWN'S SUPPORTERS FEAR THAT HE MAY SPLIT THE RIGHT-WING VOTE . IN A DEADLOCK, HE COULD EVEN EMERGE AS LABOR'S LEADER . FOE'S WOES . THE CHOICE OF AN EFFECTIVE OPPOSITION LEADER HAS SELDOM SEEMED MORE IMPORTANT TO THE LABOR PARTY OR TO THE NATION PARTICULARLY SINCE GOVERNMENTAL POWER IN BRITAIN HAS IN RECENT YEARS INCREASINGLY MOVED FROM THE COMMONS AND THE CABINET INTO THE HANDS OF THE PRIME MINISTER . ADMITTEDLY, THE LIKELIHOOD OF A LABOR PRIME MINISTER IN THE NEAR FUTURE HAS BEEN DIMMED BY GAITSKELL'S DEATH . ON THE OTHER HAND, THE TORIES HAVE LITTLE IMMEDIATE CAUSE FOR CONFIDENCE : ON TOP OF CHARLES DE GAULLE'S BRUSQUE REJECTION OF THE GOVERNMENT'S BID FOR COMMON MARKET MEMBERSHIP, UNEMPLOYMENT THE MOST CRUCIAL ISSUE IN BRITISH POLITICS TODAY HAS JUMPED AN ALARMING 25 PER CENT IN ONE MONTH, REACHING A 16-YEAR RECORD OF 814,632 (PARTLY DUE TO LAYOFFS IN THE BITTER WINTER WEATHER) . LABOR'S LEADER WILL PROBABLY NOT BE CHOSEN UNTIL MID-FEBRUARY . LABORITES HOPED THAT TORY SETBACKS WOULD GIVE THEM TIME TO DEVELOP A WINNING PERSONALITY WHO COULD KEEP THEIR PARTY UNITED . 
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UNITED NATIONS MAN AS AN END IN HIMSELF IN THE LOBBIES AND MEETING HALLS OF THE UNITED NATIONS, U.S . AMBASSADOR ADLAI STEVENSON OFTEN HEARS THE ARGUMENT OF NEW NATIONS THAT DEMOCRACY IS A LUXURY THEY CANNOT AFFORD . STEVENSON CAN MAKE A GOOD CASE TO THE CONTRARY, AS HE SHOWED LAST WEEK IN AN ELOQUENT ADDRESS IN MANHATTAN BEFORE THE CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS : " THERE IS PRECIOUS LITTLE DIGNITY OR EQUALITY IN OUR NATURAL STATE . MOST HUMAN BEINGS HAVE TO SPEND THEIR LIVES IN UTTER VULNERABILITY . ALL ARE BORN UNEQUAL, IN TERMS OF CAPACITY OR STRENGTH . . . AND SURVIVE ONLY THROUGH THE RESTRAINT SHOWN BY MORE POWERFUL NEIGHBORS . FOR NEARLY 3,000 YEARS / WESTERN MAN' HAS STRUGGLED TO CREATE A SOCIAL ORDER IN WHICH WEAK, FALLIBLE, OBSTINATE, SILLY, MAGNIFICENT MAN CAN EXERCISE HIS FREE AND RESPONSIBLE CHOICE . " WHETHER DEMOCRACY CAN PREVAIL IN THE GREAT UPHEAVAL OF OUR TIME IS A VALID QUESTION . WE HAVE GOOD REASON TO KNOW HOW CLUMSY, SLOW, INEFFICIENT AND COSTLY IT IS COMPARED TO THE CELERITY, CERTAINTY AND SECRECY OF ABSOLUTISM . BUT THE IMPORTANT THING IS THAT IT HAS SURVIVED . THE IMPORTANT THING IS THAT EVEN THE ABSOLUTISTS MASQUERADE AS DEMOCRATS ; EVEN THE MILITARY AND QUASI-MILITARY DICTATORSHIPS STRIVE IN THE NAME OF DEMOCRACY TO MANAGE THE PUBLIC BUSINESS . AND ALL OF THEM SAY THAT AUTHORITARIANISM IS ONLY A NECESSARY TRANSITION TO DEMOCRACY . . . THE ENEMIES OF FREEDOM, WHATEVER THE MAGNIFICENT ENDS THEY PROPOSE THE BROTHERHOOD OF MAN, THE KINGDOM OF SAINTS, " FROM EACH ACCORDING TO HIS ABILITY, TO EACH ACCORDING TO HIS NEEDS' MISS JUST THIS ESSENTIAL POINT : THAT MAN IS GREATER THAN THE SOCIAL PURPOSES TO WHICH HE CAN BE PUT . HE MUST NOT BE KICKED ABOUT EVEN WITH THE MOST HIGH-MINDED OBJECTIVES . HE IS NOT A MEANS OR AN INSTRUMENT . HE IS AN END IN HIMSELF . " THIS IS THE ESSENCE OF WHAT WE MEAN BY DEMOCRACY NOT SO MUCH VOTING SYSTEMS OR PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEMS OR ECONOMIC OR LEGAL SYSTEMS (THOUGH THEY ALL ENTER IN), AS AN IRREVOCABLE AND FINAL DEDICATION TO THE DIGNITY OF MAN . IN THIS SENSE, DEMOCRACY IS PERHAPS MANKIND'S MOST AUDACIOUS EXPERIMENT . 
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THE CONGO TEA & HARMONY IT WAS ALMOST AS WACKY AS THE MAD HATTER'S OUTDOOR TEA PARTY IN WONDERLAND . SMACK IN THE MIDDLE OF A MUDFOULED ROAD AT PUMPI, 40 MILES FROM SECESSIONIST MOISE TSHOMBE'S LAST-DITCH HEADQUARTERS AT KOLWEZI, UNITED NATIONS BRIGADIER REGINALD NORONHA SET UP FOUR FOLDING TABLES AND LAID OUT TEA, PEANUTBUTTER SANDWICHES, COFFEE AND SIMBA BEER . AT 9 A.M., RIGHT ON SCHEDULE, FOUR KATANGA PROVINCE OFFICIALS AND THREE REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNION MINIERE MINING OUTFIT ROARED UP IN TWO AUTOS . " WE HAVE COME TO MEET YOU AS FRIENDS, " DECLARED ONE, AND THE PARTY WAS ON . DESPITE THE APPARENT ABSURDITY OF IT, THE PUMPI TEA PARTY WAS A DEAD SERIOUS AFFAIR ARRANGED SO THAT TSHOMBE COULD PEACEFULLY ESCORT UNITED NATIONS TROOPS INTO KOLWEZI, THE LAST MAJOR OBJECTIVE IN ITS DRIVE TO END KATANGA'S 2F-YEAR SECESSION . TYPICALLY, TSHOMBE FAILED TO SHOW UP AT THE PARTY, BUT THE OPERATION WENT SMOOTHLY ANYWAY . WHEN THE SANDWICHES WERE MUNCHED AND THE TEA SIPPED, NORONHA LED A THREE-MILE COLUMN OF 1,000 INDIAN TROOPS STRAIGHT INTO KOLWEZI . WHERE WERE THOSE PROUD KATANGESE DEFENDERS ? HUNDREDS OF GENDARMES HAD FLED INTO THE BUSH BEFORE THE BLUE-HELMETED U.N . TROOPS ARRIVED . SOME 75 WHITE MERCENARIES, INCLUDING A PISTOL-PACKING BLONDE AMBULANCE DRIVER KNOWN AROUND TOWN AS MADAME YVETTE, HAD TAKEN OFF FOR THE ANGOLAN BORDER . BUT MOST OF TSHOMBE'S 2,000 BEDRAGGLED MEN PAID HEED TO HIS PLEA TO " COOPERATE WITH THE U.N . AND OUR CONGOLESE BROTHERS, " DUTIFULLY STACKED THEIR ARMS AT A NEARBY DEPOT . AT HIS YELLOW VILLA ON THE EDGE OF KOLWEZI, TSHOMBE GREETED NORONHA WITH A GRIN . " NOBODY SHOT AT YOU, I SEE, " HE CRACKED . REPLIED NORONHA, THROWING AN ARM AROUND TSHOMBE'S SHOULDERS, / I HAVE COME TO THANK YOU FOR KEEPING YOUR WORD . " NORONHA WAS NOT THE ONLY ONE WHO WAS RELIEVED THAT TSHOMBE WAS STICKING TO HIS PROMISE TO REINTEGRATE KATANGA WITH THE REST OF THE CONGO . AT U.N . HEADQUARTERS IN MANHATTAN,SECRETARY-GENERAL U THANT COULD NOW TURN TO A PROBLEM THAT MIGHT TURN OUT TO BE EVEN TOUGHER THAN ENDING TSHOMBE'S SECESSION . IT WAS TO ESTABLISH THE CONGOLESE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT'S AUTHORITY OVER ALL THE CONGO AND END THE ANARCHY THAT STILL REIGNS IN MUCH OF THE NATION . AS A STARTER, THANT APPEALED FOR $19 MILLION TO FINANCE 1963 CIVILIAN OPERATIONS IN THE CONGO, ESTIMATED THAT AT LEAST 1,300 TECHNICAL EXPERTS WOULD BE NEEDED AT ONCE IN THE BIGGEST AID PROGRAM THE U.N . HAS YET UNDERTAKEN . THE PLAN IS TO CUT THE U.N.'S 19,000-MAN ARMY IN THE CONGO BY 50 PER CENT AS SOON AS POSSIBLE PERHAPS BY LATE SUMMER . 
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IRAN THE MUNIFICENT KING ONCE AGAIN THE STREETS OF TEHERAN RANG WITH ANGRY SHOUTS . TWO THOUSAND WORKERS INVADED THE UNIVERSITY CAMPUS TO BATTLE STUDENTS . IN THE TEEMING BAZAAR, STEELHELMETED POLICE BEAT BACK RELIGIOUS LEADERS WHO WERE ATTEMPTING A THREE-DAY STRIKE . ALL THE EXCITEMENT WAS OVER THE SOCIAL REFORMS OF IRAN'S 43-YEAR-OLD KING OF KINGS, SHAH MOHAMMED REZA PAHLEVI . AFTER YEARS OF HESITATION, THE SHAH AT LAST WAS TEARING THE LAND FROM IRAN'S FEUDAL VILLAGE OWNERS AND RELIGIOUS LEADERS, DISTRIBUTING IT TO THE PEASANTS, AND FORCING FACTORY OWNERS TO GIVE WORKERS A 20 PER CENT SHARE OF THEIR PROFITS . THE MOSLEM MULLAHS (PRIESTS), WHOSE SHRINE LANDS WERE UP FOR LEASING TO IRAN'S LANDLESS FARMERS, DID NOT LIKE THE IDEA AT ALL . STUDENTS PROTESTED THE SHAH'S DISSOLUTION OF THE MAJLIS (PARLIAMENT) A YEAR AND A HALF AGO AFTER THE LEGISLATORS RIGGED ELECTIONS, THEN CRIPPLED THE ROYAL LAND REFORM BILL WITH 93 AMENDMENTS . SINCE THEN, RULING BY DECREE, THE SHAH HAS DISTRIBUTED 2,000,000 ACRES OF PRIVATE LAND (WITH COMPENSATION TO OWNERS) TO SOME 50,000 PEASANT FAMILIES IN 3,500 VILLAGES . IT WAS SOME RECORD FOR A MONARCH WHO ONCE SEEMED INEFFECTUAL AND POWERLESS TO STAVE OFF THE GROWING DISCONTENT OF IRAN'S POOR MASSES . A DECADE BEFORE, FEW WOULD HAVE IMAGINED THAT WORKERS AND FARMERS WOULD BE CRYING HIS SLOGANS, WAVING HIS BANNERS . BUT THERE THEY WERE ON THE EVE OF THE BIG REFERENDUM CALLED TO GIVE THE NATION'S YES OR NO TO HIS SWEEPING PLANS FOR AID TO NEEDY RURAL AND CITY IRANIANS . WOMEN, WHO GOT THE VOTE FOR THE FIRST TIME IN IRAN'S HISTORY, GATHERED AT POLLING PLACES TO SHOUT, " LONG LIVE MOHAMMED REZA SHAH FOR GRANTING US FREEDOM . " THE NATION'S POOR WERE EQUALLY ENTHUSIASTIC, FLOCKED TO CAST THEIR BALLOTS IN UNPRECEDENTED NUMBERS . THE SHAH EXPECTED A LANDSLIDE VICTORY, AND SURE ENOUGH, EARLY RETURNS BACKED HIS REFERENDUM BY THE LOPSIDED MARGIN OF 1,000 TO ONE . THE POPULAR ENTHUSIASM WAS DOUBTLESS AIDED BY THE SHAH'S ANNOUNCEMENT ON THE EVE OF ELECTIONS THAT HE WAS GIVING UP THE LAST OF HIS OWN ROYAL LAND, 3,500,000 ACRES ON THE CASPIAN'S CAVIAR COAST . 
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ALGERIA THE HIGH COST OF INDEPENDENCE NOT LONG AGO, THE WEST WAS READY TO WRITE OFF ALGERIA'S BRASH, SLOGANEERING PREMIER AHMED BEN BELLA AS A MEDITERRANEAN CASTRO RIPE FOR RED DOMINATION . BUT TIMES DO CHANGE . AFTER SEVEN MONTHS OF INDEPENDENCE, BEN BELLA NOW RELIES ON A TIDE OF AID FROM THE WEST, NOT THE EAST, TO KEEP HIS STRUGGLING COUNTRY AFLOAT . ONLY LAST WEEK, FINANCE MINISTER AHMED FRANCIS RETURNED FROM PARIS WITH PLEDGES OF $280 MILLION IN FRENCH AID FOR 1963 . AT THE SAME TIME, THE U.S . TENTATIVELY AGREED TO LAUNCH A FOOD RELIEF PROGRAM FOR HARDHIT ALGERIAN PEASANTS ; BEN BELLA HOPES THIS CAN BE BROADENED INTO A SWEEPING PROGRAM OF ECONOMIC AID BEFORE LONG . EMPTIED BY WAR . RAVAGED BY 7F YEARS OF WAR WITH FRANCE, THE BLOODY S.A.O . TERROR AND A FRATRICIDAL POWER STRUGGLE THAT SOURED THE FIRST MONTHS OF INDEPENDENCE, ALGERIA NEEDS EVERY CENTIME IT CAN GET . ONLY ONE ALGERIAN IN TEN HAS A STEADY JOB . THE ILLITERACY RATE IS 90 PER CENT . OFFICIALS FIGURE THAT THE COUNTRY NEEDS AT LEAST $2 BILLION TO REBUILD, BUT THE TREASURY IS BARE . SAID BEN BELLA : " WE ARE A COUNTRY EMPTIED BY WAR . " TO FILL IT UP AGAIN, BEN BELLA NEEDS WESTERN HELP . AT FIRST, EMBITTERED BY HIS 5F YEARS IN FRENCH PRISONS, HE BLINKERED HIMSELF TO THAT FACT . HE THREATENED TO TURN ALL REMAINING FRENCH-OWNED LANDS INTO STATE-RUN FARMS . HE SAUNTERED OFF TO HAVANA TO EMBRACE FIDEL CASTRO RIGHT AFTER A MEETING WITH PRESIDENT KENNEDY . HE ACCEPTED WHAT LITTLE RED AID HE GOT WITH GREAT FANFARE, BUT DELIBERATELY PLAYED DOWN FAR MORE EXTENSIVE HELP FROM THE WEST INCLUDING A FLOOD OF FOOD SHIPMENTS FROM PRIVATE U.S . CHARITIES THAT HAVE KEPT NEARLY HALF OF HIS 10 MILLION PEOPLE FROM STARVING . BUT BENEATH THE BLUSTER BEN BELLA IS MORE PRAGMATIST THAN DOGMATIST, AND ALGERIA'S SORRY STATE PERSUADED HIM TO BEGIN TACKING WITH THE WESTERN WIND . " HE IS DETERMINED TO FEED, CLOTHE AND EMPLOY HIS PEOPLE, " SAID ONE WESTERN DIPLOMAT, " AND HE'S GOING TO KICK OVER ANY " ISMS' THAT GET IN HIS WAY . " OVER THE PROTESTS OF MILITANT MARXISTS, HE BEGAN PROMOTING " HEALTHY COOPERATION " WITH FRANCE, SOUGHT INCREASED AID . " THEY ARE DUTY BOUND TO HELP US RECONSTRUCT, " HE SAID IN AN INTERVIEW WITH TIME CORRESPONDENT JAMES WILDE . " THIS WOULD HELP DISSIPATE ALL THAT WENT BEFORE . " FRANCE IS COMMITTED TO GIVE ALGERIA A MINIMUM OF $200 MILLION A YEAR FOR THE NEXT THREE YEARS AND IS SPONSORING ITS ASSOCIATION WITH THE COMMON MARKET . NEARLY 90 PER CENT OF THE 1,200,000 EUROPEANS WHO ONCE TENDED ALGERIA'S VINEYARDS AND RAN ITS BUSINESSES HAVE FLED (ALONG WITH SOME 200,000 JOB-SEEKING MOSLEMS), BUT OFFICIALS NOW ARE ANXIOUS TO LURE BACK TEACHERS, TECHNICIANS AND ADMINISTRATORS TO HELP STRAIGHTEN OUT THE MESS . YEAR OF AUSTERITY . TO STRENGTHEN HIS SHAKY POSITION, BEN BELLA IS CLEARING THE FIELD OF OPPOSITION BY PERSUASION WHERE POSSIBLE, FORCE WHERE NECESSARY . HE HAS BANNED ALL PARTIES EXCEPT HIS NATIONAL LIBERATION FRONT (F.L.N.) . FORTNIGHT AGO, HE OUSTED EXTREME LEFTIST LEADERS OF THE 300,000-MEMBER GENERAL UNION OF ALGERIAN WORKERS BECAUSE THEY WERE RESISTING HIS RAPPROCHEMENT WITH FRANCE, REPLACED THEM WITH TRUSTED PRO-GOVERNMENT MEN . THOUGH THE PROBLEMS OF REGIONALISM AND MARAUDING GUERRILLAS STILL PLAGUE HIM, HE HAS MANAGED TO WIN OVER MOST OF THE HOSTILE TRIBAL CHIEFTAINS IN THE HINTERLANDS TO HIS SIDE . BEN BELLA'S BIGGEST PROBLEM BY FAR IS THE ECONOMY . THIS YEAR, HE SAID, WILL BE ONE " OF AUSTERITY, OF CONVALESCENCE . " TO SHOW THAT HE MEANS BUSINESS, HE PUSHED THROUGH A SKIN-AND-BONES BUDGET OF $564 MILLION, GIVING SOME MINISTRIES ONE-TENTH OF WHAT THEY HAD DEMANDED . HE ALSO PUT A $400-A-MONTH CEILING ON ALL GOVERNMENT SALARIES HIS OWN INCLUDED AND SLAPPED A 100 PER PER CENT TAX ON INCOME ABOVE $800 A MONTH . TO THE ASCETIC BEN BELLA, WHO LIVES IN A DINGY, THREE-ROOM BACHELOR FLAT WITH A NEPHEW WHO DOES ALL THE COOKING AND CLEANING, THAT SEEMS PERFECTLY REASONABLE . FOR THOSE WHO THINK OTHERWISE, HE HAS A STERN ANSWER . " THIS, " SAYS BEN BELLA, " IS THE PRICE OF INDEPENDENCE . " 
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EGYPT SURPRISE AT SUEZ WHEN EGYPT'S PRESIDENT GAMAL ABDEL NASSER GRABBED THE SUEZ CANAL 6F YEARS AGO, HIS BITTER ENEMIES IN EUROPE PREDICTED THAT THE BIG DITCH WOULD SOON BE FILLED WITH SILT AND THAT UNTRAINED EGYPTIAN PILOTS WOULD NEVER BE ABLE TO STEER SHIPPING THROUGH SAFELY . THE CRITICS TURNED OUT TO BE WRONG ON BOTH COUNTS . EGYPT HAS WIDENED THE CANAL WITH BYPASSES PERMITTING THREE CONVOYS DAILY TO USE THE WATERWAY MORE EFFICIENTLY, AND DEEPENED IT SUFFICIENTLY TO ACCOMMODATE MOST OF THE WORLD'S TANKER FLEET . LAST YEAR 18,518 SHIPS TRAVELED THROUGH THE CANAL, 370 MORE THAN IN 1961 . FURTHER PLANS CALL FOR ADDITIONAL DEEPENING OF THE CANAL, AND MAKING IT TWO-WAY FOR ITS ENTIRE 102-MILE LENGTH . FORMER STOCKHOLDERS OF THE OLD SUEZ CANAL CO . WERE FIRMLY CONVINCED IN 1956 THAT THEY WOULD NEVER GET A CENT OUT OF THEIR NATIONALIZED INVESTMENT . BUT WITH 1962 REVENUE AT A WHOPPING $149.5 MILLION (45 PER CENT ABOVE 1955), NASSER'S CANAL OFFICIALS HAVE ANNOUNCED PAYMENT OF THE FINAL $11.4 MILLION INSTALLMENT ON THE $81.2 MILLION COMPENSATION DEBT . RESPONSIBLE FOR THE CANAL'S SUCCESS IS ITS EGYPTIAN BOSS, DYNAMIC, BALDING MAHMOUD YOUNIS, 50, A ONETIME ARMY ENGINEER AND A CLOSE FRIEND OF NASSER SINCE THE DAYS WHEN THEY SHARED AN OFFICE AT THE STAFF OFFICERS COLLEGE, EGYPT'S WEST POINT . THOUGH YOUNIS HAD NEVER SAILED SO MUCH AS A ROWBOAT, NASSER PICKED HIM TO RUN THE BUSY WATERWAY SHORTLY AFTER THE BRITISH AND FRENCH SHIP PILOTS WITHDREW FROM THE CANAL IN SEPTEMBER 1956 . AT FIRST, YOUNIS HAD AVAILABLE ONLY 26 TRAINED PILOTS OF THE 250 NORMALLY REQUIRED, BUT HE KEPT THE CANAL FUNCTIONING AROUND THE CLOCK . " I DIDN'T KNOW ANYTHING ABOUT SHIPS, " HE SAID . " BUT I DID KNOW A LOT ABOUT MOVEMENT CONTROL FROM THE ARMY . KEEPING THE SHIPS SHUTTLING BACK AND FORTH WAS A SIMPLE MATTER COMPARED WITH ORGANIZING A BATTLE . " YOUNIS TAKES GREAT PRIDE IN THE PERFORMANCE OF HIS EGYPTIAN PILOTS . " THEY THOUGHT THAT ONLY EUROPEANS COULD RUN THE CANAL, BUT THEY WERE WRONG, " HE SAYS . " I HAVE NO INFERIORITY COMPLEXES . TO ME, MANAGEMENT IS A SCIENCE THAT ANYONE CAN MASTER . " U.S . SHIPPERS ARE FULL OF ADMIRATION FOR THE EFFICIENT SERVICE THEY GET IN YOUNIS' CANAL . TO THEM, HE SHRUGS, " IN THE U.S., YOU SAY THE CUSTOMER IS ALWAYS RIGHT . WELL, THAT'S WHAT I SAY TOO . AND YOU ARE MY CUSTOMERS . " 
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NATURE WINTER & MRS . WOOD FROM TOKYO TO TENNESSEE, FROM THE BALTIC TO THE BOSPORUS, A KILLER WINTER RAGED ACROSS MANY PARTS OF THE WORLD LAST WEEK . BLIZZARDS AND SAVAGE WINDS TOOK 300 LIVES IN EUROPE, AND ANOTHER 150 IN THE U.S . A SLASHING GALE CAPSIZED A FERRY IN THE KOREA STRAIT, CAUSING 137 DEATHS, AND AN AVALANCHE IN THE MOUNTAINS OF NORTH CENTRAL JAPAN ENTOMBED 19 PERSONS . THE THERMOMETER WAS PLAYING TRICKS . WHILE MOSCOW'S TEMPERATURE WAS 11O, THE MERCURY PLUMMETED TO FANTASTIC DEPTHS IN A BROAD SWATH ACROSS THE U.S . : -19O IN CLEVELAND, -30O IN PARTS OF KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE . THE U.S . WEATHER BUREAU BLAMED AMERICA'S FREEZE ON A " MEANDERING STRONG WIND CURRENT " FLOWING SOUTH FROM CANADA, OFFERED WHAT COMFORT IT COULD BY ANNOUNCING, " AS COLD AS IT IS, IT IS NOT AS SEVERE AS THE GREAT COLD WAVE OF 1899 . . E RECORD COLD SO THREATENED THE SURVIVAL OF SOUTHERN EUROPE'S MIGRATORY BIRDS THAT THE INTERNATIONAL HUNTING COUNCIL ASKED EUROPEAN GOVERNMENTS TO BAN ALL HUNTING UNTIL THE SPRING THAW ; IN ITALY AND GERMANY, FISH HATCHERIES REPORTED WIDESPREAD LOSSES AS ICE CUT OFF THE OXYGEN SUPPLY OF BREEDING FISH . DYNAMITED DANUBE . IN THE BITTER COLD, MANY NATIONS SUFFERED ACUTE FUEL SHORTAGES . IN THE U.S., THE MAYOR OF HUNTSVILLE, ALA . DECLARED AN EMERGENCY BECAUSE OF RAPIDLY VANISHING NATURAL GAS SUPPLIES . THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT ORGANIZED A 4,000-TRUCK COAL CONVOY TO BRING FUEL INTO FREEZING COMMUNITIES, AND THE NATION'S SERIOUS UNEMPLOYMENT PROBLEM WORSENED AS FARMS AND CONSTRUCTION FIRMS LAID OFF TENS OF THOUSANDS OF WORKERS BECAUSE OF THE COLD . IN PARIS, THE FRENCH CABINET ORDERED THAT PRIORITY ON COAL DELIVERIES BE GIVEN TO THE AGED . AS YUGOSLAVIAN FACTORIES BEGAN TO SHUT DOWN FOR LACK OF HEAT, COAL MINERS WENT BACK INTO THE MINES ON SUNDAY . ROME'S CITY WATER AUTHORITY TOLD CONSUMERS TO LEAVE THEIR TAPS ON AT NIGHT TO PREVENT THEM FROM FREEZING ; IN LONDON, 1,600 FROZEN WATER MAINS BURST . MATERNITY NURSES IN A LONDON HOSPITAL HIT BY A POWER FAILURE KEPT INCUBATORS WARM BY POURING BOILING WATER INTO CONTAINERS AROUND THEM . TRANSPORTATION CAME TO A VIRTUAL STANDSTILL IN SOME HARD-HIT COUNTRIES . RECORD SNOWFALLS CANCELED NEARLY 2,000 TRAINS IN JAPAN, AND THE ORIENT EXPRESS WAS SNOWBOUND IN GREECE FOR 48 HOURS . TURKISH BORDER POSTS COULD ONLY BE SUPPLIED BY ARMY TANKS, AND NEARLY 300 SNOWBOUND COMMUNITIES IN THE ITALIAN APENNINES WERE CUT OFF FROM THEIR SUPPLIES . THREE FEET OF SNOW COVERED BULGARIA, AND IN GREECE ARMY UNITS ROAMED THE COUNTRYSIDE WITH HAY FOR STARVING LIVESTOCK . ICE CLOGGED BOTH THE MISSISSIPPI AND THE CANALS OF VENICE ; A BLIZZARD SNAPPED A POWER CABLE IN THE BOSPORUS, HALTING ALL SHIPPING BETWEEN THE MEDITERRANEAN AND THE BLACK SEA . ALONG THE FROZEN DANUBE, YUGOSLAV DYNAMITE CREWS BLASTED LANES FOR BOATS AND BARGES . SPECTACULAR OUTFIT . EVERY SORT OF BLIZZARD GEAR WAS WORN, BUT THE MOST SPECTACULAR OUTFIT WAS SPORTED BY DIANA WOOD, 35, PRETTY WIFE OF BRITAIN'S MINISTER OF POWER RICHARD WOOD . WHEN AN OUTBREAK OF POWER FAILURES BROUGHT A STORM OF COMPLAINTS TO THE POWER MINISTRY, MRS . WOOD HELPED RAISE AT LEAST SOME TEMPERATURES BY POSING FOR THE DAILY MAIL IN HER COLDWEATHER COSTUME : A TURTLENECK SWEATER, FISH-NET STOCKINGS, AND SKINTIGHT, BLACK WOOLEN KNEE-LENGTH PANTIES . 
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INDIA BUYING TIME AFTER TWO DAYS OF BITTER DEBATE IN NEW DELHI'S LOK SABHA, THE INDIAN PARLIAMENT LAST WEEK APPROVED PRIME MINISTER NEHRU'S DECISION TO ACCEPT A NEUTRALIST PROPOSAL FOR THE SETTLEMENT OF INDIA'S HIMALAYAN BORDER DISPUTE WITH RED CHINA PROVIDED THAT THE CHINESE ALSO AGREE TO THE NEUTRALS' PLAN IN TOTO . UNDER THE ARRANGEMENT DEVISED BY THE SIX NONALIGNED NATIONS GHANA, EGYPT, INDONESIA, BURMA, CAMBODIA AND CEYLON AT THE COLOMBO CONFERENCE LAST DECEMBER, THE CHINESE WILL BE FORCED TO WITHDRAW 12F MILES FROM THE PRESENT CEASE-FIRE LINE IN THE NORTHWESTERN HIMALAYAS . BUT THE RESULTANT DEMILITARIZED ZONE WILL STILL RECOGNIZE CHINA'S PRE-INVASION CLAIM TO 14,000 SQ . MI . OF INDIAN TERRITORY IN LADAKH . BY HIS WILLINGNESS TO NEGOTIATE ON THESE TERMS, NEHRU HOPES TO STALL THE CHINESE AT THE CONFERENCE TABLE UNTIL HE CAN GET MORE MILITARY AID FROM THE WEST . RECENTLY, NEHRU REPEATED HIS URGENT REQUEST TO PRESIDENT KENNEDY THAT A JOINT WESTERN AIR MISSION " GET HERE AS SOON AS POSSIBLE / TO STUDY PLANS FOR THE AIR DEFENSE OF INDIA . DUE IN NEW DELHI THIS WEEK IS A TEAM OF U.S ., BRITISH, CANADIAN AND AUSTRALIAN AIR FORCE OFFICERS . FORESEEN IS THE LENGTHENING OF INDIAN RUNWAYS AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A RADAR NETWORK SO THAT WESTERN INTERCEPTOR SQUADRONS, COMPLETE WITH PILOTS AND GROUND PERSONNEL, CAN MOVE INTO INDIA TO PROVIDE A PROTECTIVE AIR UMBRELLA OVER ITS CITIES . THE IDEA WOULD NOT QUITE CONSTITUTE A MILITARY ALLIANCE, BUT IT WOULD SURELY BE INDIA'S MOST DECISIVE STEP AWAY FROM NEUTRALISM . 
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EUROPE A NEW & OBSCURE DESTINATION IN AN ALLIANCE IN WHICH PARTNERS HAD BECOME INCREASINGLY MINDFUL OF ONE ANOTHER'S SENSITIVITIES, IN WHICH VICTORIES WERE TACTFULLY NOT CROWED OVER, AND TOGETHERNESS IN ITSELF WAS REGARDED AS A GOOD THING, CHARLES DE GAULLE LAST WEEK REMINDED THE WORLD OF WHAT ONE MAN WITH A WILL CAN DO . OVER THE PAST 20 YEARS, ON HIS OWN PEOPLE AND ON THEIR NEIGHBORS, CHARLES DE GAULLE HAS PERFECTED HIS NATIVE TALENT FOR HANDING OUT RUDE SURPRISES . EMPLOYING THE LOFTY DISDAIN THAT USED TO INFURIATE ROOSEVELT, CHURCHILL AND STALIN, DE GAULLE SUCCEEDED IN INFURIATING KENNEDY, MACMILLAN AND A HOST OF OTHERS BY VETOING BRITAIN'S ADMISSION TO THE COMMON MARKET . HE MIGHT HAVE BEEN GENTLE ABOUT IT, ALLOWING NEGOTIATIONS TO SPUTTER OUT IN A CONFUSION OF DETAILS . HE CHOSE TO BE BLUNT AND HIS PURPOSE WAS NOT JUST TO SHUT OUT BRITAIN OR MERELY TO HUMILIATE HER . HE ALSO SHOOK THE ATLANTIC ALLIANCE TO ITS ROOTS, SET OUT TO CONTEST ITS LEADERSHIP AND TO PUT IN QUESTION THE FUTURE ROLE OF THE U.S . IN EUROPE . FOR THE WEST ! HE CREATED A DRAMATIC HISTORICAL TURN, AN OBSCURE DESTINATION . DEAD MECHANISM . WESTERN EUROPE HEARD THE NEWS WITH ANGER AND DISMAY . WEST GERMANY'S ECONOMICS MINISTER LUDWIG ERHARD BLAMED DE GAULLE FOR A " BLACK DAY, " DECLARING THAT " THE COMMON MARKET IS NOW ONLY A MECHANISM AND NO LONGER A LIVING THING . " ALFRED MULLERARMACK, WEST GERMANY'S CHIEF NEGOTIATOR AT BRUSSELS, QUIT HIS JOB IN DISGUST . JEAN MONNET, THE DYNAMIC OPTIMIST WHO IS THE FATHER OF THE COMMON MARKET, LAMENTED THAT " THERE NOW LOOMS DISUNION WITH ITS INHERENT DANGERS . " BRITAIN'S PRIME MINISTER HAROLD MACMILLAN TOLD HIS COUNTRY ON TV : " WHAT HAPPENED AT BRUSSELS WAS BAD . BAD FOR US, BAD FOR EUROPE, BAD FOR THE WHOLE WORLD . " , " BRUTAL " WAS THE WORD HEARD MOST OFTEN IN WHITEHALL AND AROUND THE WHITE HOUSE TO DESCRIBE DE GAULLE'S BEHAVIOR . ARCHITECT OR AT LEAST CO-DESIGNERS OF THE ATLANTIC ALLIANCE, U.S . POLICYMAKERS WERE PLUNGED INTO GLOOM . " MOST UNFORTUNATE, " SAID THE STATE DEPARTMENT . IN CONGRESS THERE WERE REVIVED MUTTERINGS ABOUT THE INEFFICACY OF FOREIGN AID AND THE INGRATITUDE OF ALLIES . ARKANSAS' SENATOR WILLIAM FULBRIGHT TALKED OF THE " TEMPORARY ABERRATION " OF THE MAN . A NATION THAT HAD HOPED TO BE IN A POSITION TO PROFIT FROM THE COMMUNIST SPLIT BETWEEN RUSSIA AND RED CHINA FOUND A DEEP CREVICE OPENING AT ITS FEET . AND THOUGH THE KENNEDY ADMINISTRATION DID NOT SPEAK OF AN " AGONIZING REAPPRAISAL " OF ITS RELATIONS WITH A RECALCITRANT FRANCE AS JOHN FOSTER DULLES ONCE HAD U.S . MILITARY AND DIPLOMATIC POLICY TOWARD EUROPE WAS PLAINLY IN NEED OF ONE . COMMUNITY TWILIGHT . EXCEPT FOR A GLOW OF PRIDE, TEMPERED WITH NERVOUS CONCERN, AMONG SOME FRENCHMEN, THE ONLY CHEERFUL VOICES WERE BEING RAISED IN MOSCOW, WHERE SOVIET IDEOLOGISTS SUDDENLY THOUGHT THEY SAW CONFIRMATION OF THE HOARY MARXIST-LENINIST TENET THAT CAPITALIST COUNTRIES WILL INEVITABLY BE DESTROYED BY THEIR " INNER CONTRADICTIONS . " CRIED A RUSSIAN SPOKESMAN : " THIS IS THE TWILIGHT OF THE SO-CALLED EUROPEAN COMMUNITY . A DIFFICULT NAVIGATION NOW AWAITS THE AMERICAN SHIP OF STATE . " NOT JUST THE FACT OF WHAT CHARLES DE GAULLE HAD ALREADY DONE TORMENTED HIS ALLIES : IT WAS WHAT HE MIGHT YET DO . AND THEY SEARCHED HIS PRESCIENT PRONOUNCEMENTS FROM THE PAST (SEE BOX) FOR CLUES . FOR 20 YEARS THE U.S . HAS BEEN ACCUSTOMED TO LEAD THE FREE WORLD, AND IN THAT TIME WESTERN EUROPE ROSE FROM THE ASHES BEHIND A SHIELD OF U.S MEN AND MONEY . FRANCE ITSELF HAS RECEIVED $9.5 BILLION IN OUTRIGHT AID AND $1.8 BILLION IN LOANS SINCE 1945 . THERE HAVE OF COURSE BEEN DISPUTES AND DIFFERENCES OF OPINION, BUT UNTIL LAST WEEK, NO DIRECT CHALLENGE OF U.S . LEADERSHIP . WHAT THE U.S . NOW FACED WAS A PROPOSAL THAT EUROPE RALLY ROUND FRANCE TO CREATE A THIRD FORCE IN THE WORLD CAPABLE OF DEALING INDEPENDENTLY WITH BOTH THE U.S . AND RUSSIA . THIS HAD BEEN DE GAULLE'S PROCLAIMED GOAL FOR YEARS, BUT EVERYONE HAD COUNTED ON HIS OWN REALISTIC APPRECIATION OF THE INCREASING GAINS TO FRANCE AND EUROPE OF THE CURRENT COURSE OF ATLANTIC PARTNERSHIP . IT WAS A CROWNING IRONY THAT DE GAULLE'S EFFORT TO GIVE EUROPE A NEW VOICE, DIRECTION AND SELF-ASSURANCE IS PRECISELY WHAT THE U.S . HAS BEEN TRYING TO DO EVER SINCE WORLD WAR II . BUT THE U.S . HARDLY EXPECTED THINGS TO WORK OUT QUITE THIS WAY . PICTURES IN THE LOUVRE . THAT THEY DID IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF ONE MAN CHARLES ANDRE MARIE JOSEPH DE GAULLE, 72 . HIS ABILITY TO BRING A SKILLFUL INFLUENCE TO BEAR UPON EVENTS SHOULD BE ENOUGH TO SEND A BELIEVER IN IMPERSONAL HISTORICAL DETERMINISM BACK TO HIS BOOKS . TALL AND UNGAINLY, SO DIM-EYED THAT HE CONSTANTLY STUMBLES, SO SELDOM A LISTENER THAT HE SEEMS DEAF, DE GAULLE SHOULD BE A FIGURE OF FUN (AND SOMETIMES IS), BUT THE GREATNESS IN THE MAN USUALLY SURVIVES THE MOCKERY . HIS MIND IS LIKE THE LOUVRE, FILLED WITH BATTLE PICTURES IN WHICH THE FRENCH ARE ALWAYS WINNING ; HIS HEART THROBS WITH SIMPLE EMOTIONS LABELED PATRIE, DIEU, GLOIRE, AND HE HAS A GIFT FOR PROPHECY THAT IS MORE OLD TESTAMENT THAN 20TH CENTURY MODERN . DE GAULLE'S FAULTS ARE COMMON TO MANY MEN HE IS BULLHEADED, ARROGANT, TOUCHY, MORE RESPONSIVE TO FLATTERY THAN CRITICISM, INSUFFERABLY PROUD OF HIS INTELLECT AND INSIGHT . HIS VIRTUES, HOWEVER, ARE RARE IN ANY AGE, AND ARE SUMMED UP IN THE WORD CHARACTER . WHAT HAPPENED LAST WEEK IN BRUSSELS WAS A HEAD-ON COLLISION BETWEEN CHARLES DE GAULLE'S DESIGN FOR EUROPE AND THE WIDER, WORLD-EMBRACING ATLANTIC POLICY FOLLOWED BY THE LAST THREE AMERICAN PRESIDENTS AND BY MOST OF THE PARLIAMENTARIANS OF EUROPE . LOFTED UMBRELLA . THE U.S . ATTITUDE, ON WHICH ONE PRESIDENTIAL SPEECHWRITER HUNG THE AMBITIOUS PHRASE " GRAND DESIGN, " IS TO ACCEPT AND WORK FOR THE CONCEPT OF A STRONG, UNITED EUROPE LINKED IN PARTNERSHIP WITH NORTH AMERICA, BOTH ACTING TOGETHER TO RAISE THE LIVING STANDARDS AND SECURE THE INDEPENDENCE OF THE NATIONS OF AFRICA, ASIA AND LATIN AMERICA . TO MAKE THIS DESIGN ENDURING, THE U.S . INSISTED THAT BRITAIN BECOME A MEMBER OF THE COMMON MARKET, FOLLOWED BY THE SCANDINAVIAN AND OTHER NATO COUNTRIES . THE DEFENSE OF THIS GRAND DESIGN WOULD BE TWOFOLD : CONVENTIONAL ARMS AND ARMIES SUPPLIED BY EUROPE, AND THE NUCLEAR UMBRELLA HELD ALOFT BY THE U.S . DE GAULLE'S EUROPEAN DESIGN IS INTROVERTED, SMALLER, AND DEPENDENT MORE ON AUDACITY AND CLEVERNESS THAN ON SHEER POWER . IN EFFECT, IT REPRESENTS ANOTHER OF THE HISTORIC EFFORTS TO CREATE A UNIFIED EUROPE UNDER FRENCH LEADERSHIP AN AMBITION THAT WAS PURSUED IN THE PAST BY CHARLEMAGNE, LOUIS XIV, NAPOLEON BONAPARTE AND NAPOLEON III . TO DE GAULLE, EUROPE'S RIVERS AND MOUNTAINS ARE NOT BARRIERS, BUT THE OCEANS ARE . SINCE 1940 HE HAS DREAMED OF PERSUADING THE " STATES ALONG THE RHINE, THE ALPS AND THE PYRENEES TO FORM A POLITICAL, ECONOMIC AND STRATEGIC BLOC ; TO ESTABLISH THIS ORGANIZATION AS ONE OF THE THREE WORLD POWERS, AND, SHOULD PICKUP STRATEGIC BLOC ; TO ESTABLISH THIS ORGANIZATION AS ONE OF THE THREE WORLD POWERS, AND, SHOULD IT BECOME NECESSARY, AS THE ARBITER BETWEEN THE SOVIET AND THE ANGLOAMERICAN CAMPS . " GARGANTUAN STOCKS . CONCEIVABLY, DE GAULLE AT ONE POINT MIGHT HAVE BEEN WEANED AWAY FROM HIS DREAM . WHEN HE RETURNED TO POWER IN 1958 TO LEAD A FRANCE STILL RIVEN BY THE ALGERIAN WAR, HE DEMANDED ADMISSION TO A THREE-POWER DIRECTORATE OF NATO, BUT THE IDEA WAS BLACKBALLED BY EISENHOWER AND MACMILLAN . HE PROBABLY WOULD HAVE BEEN AS INTRANSIGENT AS A CO-DIRECTOR AS HE HAS BEEN WITHOUT BECOMING ONE . SINCE THEN, HE PROGRESSIVELY WITHDREW FRENCH GROUND AND NAVAL FORCES FROM NATO COMMANDS, BANISHED U.S . NUCLEAR WARHEADS FROM FRENCH SOIL, AND SANK BILLIONS OF FRANCS INTO A CRASH PROGRAM TO CREATE A NUCLEAR FORCE DE FRAPPE OF HIS OWN . AS OF LAST WEEK THE FORCE DE FRAPPE CONSISTED OF A HANDFUL OF ATOM BOMBS AND A DELIVERY SYSTEM OF EXACTLY FOUR MIRAGE IV JETS, EXTREMELY FAST (MACH 2), HIGHALTITUDE, TWO-SEAT LIGHT BOMBERS . THE MIRAGE IV'S RADIUS IS ONLY 1,000 MILES . ADMITTEDLY THE FORCE DE FRAPPE IS A MODEST OPERATION AND ONE THAT COULD SWIFTLY BE KNOCKED OUT OF THE AIR, EVEN WHEN, BY 1965, THE FRENCH HOPE TO HAVE 350 PLANES CAPABLE OF CARRYING ATOMIC WEAPONS . DE GAULLE CONCEDES THAT HIS NUCLEAR WEAPONRY WILL NEVER MATCH THE GARGANTUAN AND LETHAL STOCKPILES OF RUSSIA AND THE U.S . BUT HE THINKS THAT IT IS BIG ENOUGH AND MURDEROUS ENOUGH TO GIVE ANY POTENTIAL AGGRESSOR PAUSE AND BESIDES, IT IS HIS OWN . UNFIT ISLANDERS . IN DE GAULLE'S EUROPE, FRANCE IS FIRST, GERMANY SECOND, AND THE REST NOWHERE THEY CAN TAG ALONG RESPECTFULLY AS CAMP FOLLOWERS, WITH LITTLE MORE WEIGHT OR VOICE THAN TINY LUXEMBOURG . BRITAIN IS REJECTED AS UNFIT ECONOMICALLY OR POLITICALLY TO JOIN THIS BAND OF CONTINENTAL BROTHERS BECAUSE IT 1) IS AN OFFSHORE ISLAND, AND 2) HAS " SPECIAL TIES " WITH THE U.S . AND THE COMMONWEALTH . TO DE GAULLE'S JAUNDICED EYE, THE BRITISH ATTEMPT TO ENTER THE COMMON MARKET WAS SIMPLY A TROJAN HORSE MANEUVER (AN EXPRESSION USED WITH SUSPICIOUS FREQUENCY IN PARISIAN EDITORIALS AND SALONS LAST WEEK) STAGED BY WASHINGTON TO MAKE SURE THAT THE U.S . DOMINATION OF EUROPE WOULD NOT BE FRUSTRATED . BRITAIN DID MUCH TO ARRANGE HER OWN FATE . IN 1950, LONDON WAS OFFERED MEMBERSHIP IN THE EUROPEAN COAL AND STEEL COMMUNITY AND REFUSED . SEVEN YEARS LATER, LONDON WAS INVITED TO JOIN IN THE FOUNDING OF THE COMMON MARKET, AND AGAIN REFUSED . AS THE COMMON MARKET GOT UNDER WAY, BRITAIN TRIED TO CRIPPLE IT BY SETTING UP ITS OWN RAGTAG RIVAL BLOC, THE SEVEN-NATION EUROPEAN FREE TRADE ASSOCIATION (WITH AUSTRIA, DENMARK, NORWAY, PORTUGAL, SWEDEN, SWITZERLAND) . BUT THE RUNAWAY ECONOMIC SUCCESS OF THE COMMON MARKET CAUSED BRITAIN'S CONSERVATIVE GOVERNMENT TO REVERSE ITSELF, AND, IN AUGUST 1961, BRITAIN PENITENTLY APPLIED FOR THE MEMBERSHIP IT HAD ONCE SPURNED . IT ASKED FOR FULL, NOT ASSOCIATE MEMBERSHIP, WITH ALL THAT THIS IMPLIED IN DECLARING ITSELF EUROPEAN . THE APPLICATION MIGHT HAVE BEEN RECEIVED IN BRUSSELS, DE GAULLE INSISTED THAT BRITAIN BRING IT TO PARIS INSTEAD . / MATTER OF DAYS . " DURING THE SLOW FIRST YEAR OF THE BRUSSELS NEGOTIATIONS, DE GAULLE WAS NOT ACTIVELY IN OPPOSITION . BUT HE SOON MADE IT CLEAR HE CONSIDERED THE BRITISH AS SUPPLIANTS, NOT EQUALS :. THEY COULD NOT HOPE TO CHANGE THE RULES AS A CONDITION OF JOINING THE CLUB . THE TECHNICAL DISCUSSIONS RANGED FROM SUCH OBSCURE ITEMS AS THE TARIFF ON KIPS AND PIGMEAT TO IMPORTANT ONES CONCERNING FUTURE TRADE WITH AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND . BY LAST MONTH, OF MORE THAN 2,500 BIG AND SMALL QUESTIONS, ALL BUT 26 HAD BEEN AMICABLY RESOLVED . BRITAIN'S CHIEF NEGOTIATOR, EDWARD HEATH, WAS SO OPTIMISTIC THAT ON JAN . 21 HE CONFIDENTLY TOLD A U.S . OFFICIAL : " IT IS ONLY A MATTER OF DAYS BEFORE THE QUESTION IS SETTLED IN OUR FAVOR . THIS WAS BRAVE BUT FOOLHARDY DISREGARD OF THE IMPERIOUS NON UTTERED JUST A WEEK BEFORE IN DE GAULLE'S CELEBRATED PRESS CONFERENCE, THE THEATRICAL SHOCKER IN WHICH THE " INSULAR, MARITIME " BRITISH WERE HAUGHTILY TOLD TO TRANSFORM THEMSELVES INTO " EUROPEANS " BEFORE JOINING THE COMMON MARKET . DE GAULLE HAS LONG BEEN SUSPICIOUS OF BRITAIN'S CLOSE TIES WITH THE U.S., AND SUSPECTS THAT SECRETS CAN BE EXCHANGED IN THE COMMON ENGLISH LANGUAGE . BUT DE GAULLE'S DETERMINATION TO VETO BRITAIN'S MEMBERSHIP APPARENTLY CAME JUST BEFORE CHRISTMAS, WHEN THE NEWS ARRIVED OF THE KENNEDY-MACMILLAN MEETING AT NASSAU . AT NASSAU, BRITAIN GOT FORMAL WORD THAT THE U.S . WOULD NOT SUPPLY IT WITH SKYBOLT, THE AIRBORNE MISSILE ON WHICH THE BRITISH HAD PINNED ALL THEIR HOPES FOR DELIVERING THEIR NUCLEAR DETERRENT . SKYBOLT SHATTERED THE BRITISH, AND DISQUIETED THE FRENCH AS WELL, SINCE IT WAS REGARDED AS PROOF THAT NUCLEAR DEPENDENCE ON ANOTHER POWER WAS RISKY . IF THE U.S . COULD TREAT IN THAT FASHION AN ALLY TO WHOM IT WAS TIED BY BLOOD, LANGUAGE AND TRADITION, WHAT COULD FRANCE EXPECT ? DE GAULLE WAS FURTHER ANGERED BY MACMILLAN'S AGREEMENT TO SHARE POLARIS WITH THE U.S . INSTEAD OF MOVING TO SHARE NUCLEAR KNOWLEDGE WITH FRANCE . THAT WAS WHEN THE PHRASE " TROJAN HORSE " FIRST BEGAN TO BE USED IN PARIS . OVERNIGHT CASE . BRUSSELS, THE SCENE OF BRITAIN'S DASHED HOPES LAST WEEK, IS A DOUR, NEON-LIT OLD MAID OF A CITY . ON MONDAY, THE COBBLED STREETS WERE SLIMY WITH BLACK SLUSH AND BLANKETED WITH CHILLING FOG AS BRITAIN'S CHIEF NEGOTIATOR, EDWARD HEATH, ARRIVED WITH HIS AIDES, MINISTER FOR COMMONWEALTH AFFAIRS DUNCAN SANDYS AND AGRICULTURE MINISTER CHRISTOPHER SOAMES . THE FRENCH, WITH A FINE SENSE OF ECONOMY, TRAVELED LIGHT ; ONLY LUXEMBOURG'S FOUR-MAN DELEGATION WAS SMALLER . FRENCH FOREIGN MINISTER MAURICE COUVE DE MURVILLE BROUGHT ONLY AN OVERNIGHT CASE, FOR HE KNEW THAT HE WOULD NOT BE STAYING LONG . COUVE ARRIVED AN HOUR LATE FOR THE START OF THE MEETING AT QUATRE BRAS, THE MODERN FOREIGN MINISTRY BUILDING . NEWSMEN'S QUESTIONS TO HIM DIED IN THE AIR AT THE GRIM SET OF THE FRENCHMAN'S FACE . A PATH TWO FEET WIDE MIRACULOUSLY PARTED THE CROWD AND, LIKE AN APPARITION OR A LEPER COUVE MOVED UNMOLESTED TO THE ELEVATOR . WHEN THE DELEGATES EMERGED FROM THE MEETING AT MIDNIGHT, WEST GERMANY'S ECONOMICS MINISTER LUDWIG ERHARD, A STAUNCH SUPPORTER OF BRITAIN, GRUNTED, " WE MADE ONLY LINGUISTIC PROGRESS . " A FRENCH DELEGATE LIGHTLY ADDED, " IF WE REACH AN AGREEMENT, IT WILL BE BASED ON A MISUNDERSTANDING . " ON TUESDAY MORNING, U.S . AMBASSADOR JOHN TUTHILL HURRIED AROUND TO THE DELEGATIONS TO DELIVER A LASTMINUTE WARNING FROM PRESIDENT KENNEDY, POINTING OUT THE GRAVE CONSEQUENCES OF A BREAKDOWN IN THE NEGOTIATIONS . THE SIX RECONVENED AT NOON TO HEAR THE WEST GERMAN PROPOSAL THAT WAS INTENDED TO SAVE FACE FOR EVERYONE BY POSTPONING A DECISION FOR TWO MONTHS . A STORMY DISCUSSION FOLLOWED, AND COUVE DE MURVILLE ICILY PROFESSED ASTONISHMENT THAT A PLAN COULD EVEN BE PROPOSED IN SUCH BAD PARLIAMENTARY FORM . MONSTROUS THING . IN TURN, THE DELEGATES OF THE OTHER FIVE WARNED OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF A RUPTURE, BUT FRANCE'S COUVE DE MURVILLE WAS ADAMANT . WALTER HALLSTEIN, CHAIRMAN OF THE COMMON MARKET COMMISSION, TRIED TO CHANGE THE WORDING OF THE PROPOSAL TO MAKE IT MORE ACCEPTABLE TO THE FRENCH . HE FAILED . THERE WAS NOTHING TO DO BUT SUMMON HEATH TO HEAR THE FINAL VERDICT . EACH HEAD OF DELEGATION READ A PREPARED STATEMENT . BELGIUM'S SPAAK CALLED THE RUPTURE A "MONSTROUS THING ." DUTCH FOREIGN MINISTER JOSEPH LUNS WAS EQUALLY BITTER, WHILE GERMANY'S SCHRODER POINTEDLY TOLD THE FRENCH THAT THE BUNDESTAG HAD ONLY RATIFIED THE TREATY OF ROME IN THE FIRST PLACE ON THE ASSUMPTION THAT IT WOULD BE WIDENED TO EMBRACE NEW MEMBERS . THEN AT LAST IT WAS COUVE DE MURVILLE'S TURN . COUVE, A BRILLIANT, CIVILIZED, HIGHLY TRAINED DIPLOMATIST, WHO AMONG HIS COLLEAGUES WOULD USUALLY BE SEEKING ANY NEW AVENUE OF COMPROMISE, WAS NOW PLAINLY LITTLE MORE THAN A MESSENGER BOY FOR LE GRAND CHARLES . "IT IS BEING SAID THAT WE BROKE OFF THE NEGOTIATIONS," HE DECLARED . "IN REALITY, OUR RESPONSIBILITY HAS BEEN THAT OF MAKING CLEAR THAT THE NEGOTIATIONS HAVE BEEN TAKING PLACE IN A VACUUM SINCE OCTOBER, AND OF HAVING SAID THAT IT IS PREFERABLE TO FACE THE FACTS . THEN HE ECHOED THE BOSS AGAIN . WHEN BRITAIN CAN ACCEPT ALL THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE TREATY OF ROME, NOTHING CAN STOP HER FROM ENTERING THE COMMON MARKET . BUT IT IS UPON HER AND NOT ON US THAT THE BURDEN OF PROOF LIES . IT WOULD HAVE BEEN A LITTLE LATE IN THE DAY, BUT MANY AT THE TABLE THOUGHT THAT IT WOULD HAVE BEEN WONDERFUL HAD HEATH GIVEN IN ENTIRELY AT THIS POINT AND TAKEN COUVE UP ON HIS OFFER WITH NO MORE HAGGLING . BUT THE BRITON LIMITED HIMSELF TO A DISPASSIONATE REBUTTAL . "IT HAS BEEN CONTENDED," HE SAID ,"THAT BRITAIN IS NOT EUROPEAN ENOUGH . THERE ARE MANY MILLIONS IN EUROPE WHO KNOW PERFECTLY WELL HOW EUROPEAN BRITAIN HAS BEEN IN THE PAST AND ARE GRATEFUL FOR IT ." ADDED HEATH :"THE TRUTH IS THAT SOME PEOPLE REGARDED THE NEGOTIATIONS AS BEING TOO CLOSE TO SUCCESS, THOUGH THEY GAVE OTHER REASONS FOR BREAKING THEM OFF ." WHEN HE STOPPED SPEAKING, ALL THE DELEGATES CROWDED AROUND TO SHAKE HIS HAND ALL BUT FRANCE'S MEN, WHO LEFT UNSMILING . FIVE STATELESS ONES . THE COMMON MARKET AS IT NOW EXISTS OFFERS A SUPERB INSTRUMENT FOR DE GAULLE'S STRONG HAND TO WIELD, EVEN THOUGH HE WAS CONTEMPTUOUS OF IT AT THE START, AND DISMISSES THE EUROCRATS WHO WORK FOR IT AS LES APATRIDES, THE STATELESS ONES . AFTER FIVE YEARS OF OPERATION ITS GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT STANDS AT $210 BILLION, AND INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION HAS SOARED 40 PER CENT . THE COMMON MARKET POURED ALMOST 80 MILLION TONS OF STEEL LAST YEAR (COMPARED WITH THE U.S .'S 98 MILLION TONS), AND IS THE WORLD'S SECOND LARGEST AUTOMOBILE MAKER . AS THE WORLD'S BIGGEST TRADER, THE COMMON MARKET IS FIRST IN IMPORTS, SECOND ONLY TO THE U.S . IN EXPORTS . SINCE 1958, IMPORTS FROM THE REST OF THE WORLD HAVE RISEN 39 PER CENT, THOSE FROM THE U.S . A GIANT 59 PER CENT, THUS AIDING WASHINGTON'S DESPERATE BALANCE-OF-PAYMENT PROBLEMS . THE QUESTION MOST ASKED LAST WEEK WAS WHETHER THE OTHER FIVE WEST GERMANY, ITALY AND THE BENELUX COUNTRIES WOULD PERMIT LE GRAND CHARLES TO MAKE THE MARKET HIS DEVICE FOR POWER . WHAT DE GAULLE HAS DEMONSTRATED IS THAT HE CAN BLACKBALL ANY NATION HE DOES NOT WANT IN THE COMMON MARKET ("FRENCH SHOULDERS ARE BROAD ENOUGH TO BEAR THE BURDEN," SAID A SPOKESMAN) . BUT DE GAULLE HAS YET TO SHOW THAT HE CAN REMAKE EUROPE IN FRANCE'S IMAGE . BRITAIN AND THE U.S . ARE BETTING THAT HE NEVER WILL . INDEED, THE UNANIMOUS OUTCRY FROM THE OTHER FIVE COMMON MARKET NATIONS LAST WEEK WAS AMPLE TESTIMONY THAT THEY ARE CURRENTLY DETERMINED TO RESIST FRANCE'S GRASP FOR LEADERSHIP . LAST WEEK THE FIVE ABRUPTLY FORCED POSTPONEMENT OF A SPECIAL MEETING OF THE COMMON MARKET FINANCE MINISTERS CALLED BY THE FRENCH TO INVESTIGATE THE EXTENT OF U.S . INVESTMENT IN EUROPE, A PET HATE OF DE GAULLE'S THESE DAYS . THIS REBUFF DISTURBED FRENCH MINISTER OF FINANCE VALERY GISCARD D'ESTAING NOT AT ALL . HE REPORTEDLY REMARKED THAT THE FIVE HAD MERELY DEPRIVED HIM OF HIS DESSERT MEANING, PRESUMABLY, THAT FRANCE HAD ALREADY ENJOYED THE BRITISH LION FOR BREAKFAST . THE FIVE HAVE ALSO SHOWN SIGNS OF BLOCKING OTHER FRENCH PROJECTS, E.G ., ALGERIA'S ASSOCIATION WITH THE SIX . SHARP DIVISIONS . BUT AS THE INITIAL AND GENUINE ANGER DIMINISHED, THERE WAS A QUESTION WHETHER THE SMALLER COUNTRIES, IN THEIR ANXIETY TO BRING BRITAIN IN AS A POLITICAL COUNTERBALANCE TO FRANCE AND GERMANY, WOULD BE WILLING TO ENDANGER THE COMMON MARKET ITSELF . THEIR ECONOMIES ARE SO DEPENDENT ON THE MARKET AS A TRADING PARTNER THAT IT IS INCONCEIVABLE THAT ANY OF THEM WOULD BE ABLE TO SEPARATE OUT THEIR OWN MARBLES TO TAKE THEM HOME . IT IS WEST GERMANY'S SUPPORT THAT CHARLES DE GAULLE NEEDS TO WIN THE WHIPHAND OVER EUROPE . HE HAD A STALWART PARTNER IN 87-YEAR-OLD CHANCELLOR KONRAD ADENAUER, THE RHINELANDER WHOSE LIFELONG DREAM HAS BEEN FRANCO-GERMAN RAPPROCHEMENT . AS IT HAPPENED, ADENAUER ARRIVED IN THE ELYSEE PALACE LAST MONTH TO SIGN THE TREATY OF FRIENDSHIP AND COOPERATION WITH FRANCE AT THE VERY TIME WHEN DE GAULLE HAD SPRUNG HIS LARGE SCHEME ON EUROPE . BY ALL ACCOUNTS, ADENAUER DID NOT FULLY REALIZE THAT THE DOCUMENT HE HAD SIGNED WAS THE REINFORCING SEAL OF DOOM FOR BRITAIN'S MEMBERSHIP IN EUROPE AND THAT HE WAS NOW PUT AT ODDS WITH THE U.S . SCHEME OF THINGS . AT THE CEREMONY IN PARIS, ADENAUER GENTLY ASKED DE GAULLE NOT TO FORCE THE GERMANS INTO THE AWKWARD POSITION OF CHOOSING BETWEEN THE U.S . AND FRANCE . TUT, TUT, REPLIED DE GAULLE REASSURINGLY, "FRANCE HAS NO INTENTION OF PUTTING GERMANY INTO A POSITION WHERE SUCH A CHOICE WOULD BE NECESSARY . DESERVED WHIPPINGS . WHATEVER KONRAD ADENAUER DESIRES, HE IS NO LONGER UNDISPUTED MASTER AT HOME . WITH ECONOMICS MINISTER (AND POSSIBLE NEXT CHANCELLOR) LUDWIG ERHARD THREATENING TO RESIGN IF THE ADENAUER-DE GAULLE TREATY IS RATIFIED BEFORE CONCESSIONS ARE GRANTED IN THE COMMON MARKET, WEST GERMANY'S SUPPORT FOR LE GRAND CHARLES IS IN JEOPARDY INDEED . ALREADY LEADERS OF OPPOSITION FACTIONS IN THE BUNDESTAG HAVE WARNED THAT THEY WOULD BLOCK RATIFICATION OF THE FRANCO-GERMAN TREATY . IT WAS A MEASURE OF DE GAULLE'S RAPID RISE OF PRESTIGE THAT ALL THE GERMAN PAPERS POSED THE MATTER AS A QUESTION OF CHOOSING BETWEEN THE U.S . AND FRANCE . MOST, UNDERSTANDABLY, CHOSE THE U.S . THE INFLUENTIAL PROTESTATION IN WASHINGTON RESTS ON ITS FIRM LOYALTY TO AN AMERICAN-LED NATO . THE AMERICANS WILL SOONER OR LATER WITHDRAW FROM THE CONTINENT IF THEY GET THE IMPRESSION THAT THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC FAILED TO OPPOSE DE GAULLE'S INTENTION TO UNDERMINE NATO FROM WITHIN . SIBYLLINE DELIGHTS . LE FIGARO'S GIFTED COMMENTATOR RAYMOND ARON, WHOSE ADMIRATION FOR DE GAULLE IS QUALIFIED, REMARKED LAST WEEK THAT HE IS CONVINCED THAT THE GENERAL TAKES "LONELY PLEASURE IN THE SPECTACLE OF THE ARGUMENTS HE CAUSES ." WHAT DISTURBS MANY AMERICANS IS NOT DE GAULLE'S EFFORT TO ASSERT A REVIVING CONTINENT'S STRENGTH, BUT HIS FUTURE PLANS FOR EUROPE . AND WHAT DISTURBS MANY CONTINENTALS IS DE GAULLE'S READINESS TO BE FAR MORE DISREGARDING OF THEIR SENSIBILITIES THAN THE U.S . HAS BEEN . A DE GAULLE AGREEMENT TO CONSULT, AS ADENAUER AND OTHERS HAVE FOUND OUT, MEANS HIS WILLINGNESS TO GIVE THE OTHER PARTNER AN AUDIENCE TO HEAR DE GAULLE'S INTENTIONS . DE GAULLE ACCEPTS THE COMMITMENTS FRANCE ENTERED INTO WHILE HE WAS NOT IN POWER, BUT DISTORTS THEM TO FRANCE'S ADVANTAGE . AFTER VETOING BRITAIN, DE GAULLE LAST WEEK INVITED DANISH PREMIER JENS OTTO KRAG TO JOIN THE COMMON MARKET EITHER AS FULL MEMBER OR AS ASSOCIATE AN INVITATION THAT THE OTHER FIVE MEMBERS INDIGNANTLY THOUGHT WAS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF ALL SIX TO EXTEND . KRAG'S OWN SURPRISED REACTION WAS TO SAY THAT DENMARK'S HOPES WERE "BASED ON THE ASSUMPTION THAT BRITAIN WOULD JOIN THE COMMON MARKET ." SIMILARLY, THE OTHER PARTNERS WERE SUSPICIOUS OF DE GAULLE'S INTENSE SIDE CULTIVATION OF SPAIN LAST WEEK, AND HIS LONG PRIVATE TALKS WITH SOVIET AMBASSADOR SERGEI VINOGRADOV, WHO IN THE YEARS DE GAULLE WAS NOT IN POWER KEPT UP HIS CLOSE CONTACTS WITH HIM . LAST WEEK FRANCE SIGNED A BILATERAL TRADE AGREEMENT WITH RUSSIA, CALLING FOR A 10 PER CENT INCREASE IN TRADE BETWEEN THE TWO POWERS . WILL DE GAULLE TAKE IT UPON HIMSELF TO NEGOTIATE SEPARATELY WITH THE SOVIET UNION ? HIS ANTI-COMMUNIST BONA FIDES HAS BEEN AMPLY PROVED BY HIS STANDS ON BERLIN AND CUBA, WHEN HE FIRMLY BACKED KENNEDY . THERE IS A STORY THAT, IN 1941, WHEN HITLER INVADED RUSSIA, DE GAULLE TOLD AN AIDE, " NOW WE MUST BEGIN THINKING OF STOPPING THE COMMUNIST PUSH IN EUROPE . " THE AIDE PROTESTED THAT THE PROSPECT SEEMED REMOTE, AND DE GAULLE REPLIED, " REMEMBER THESE HOURS . I OFTEN MAKE MISTAKES IN WHAT I DO, BUT NEVER IN WHAT I PREDICT . " ACTS, NOT WORDS . IN TALKING TO HIS FRIENDS, DE GAULLE MAKES IT PLAIN THAT HE THINKS THE SITUATION BEHIND THE IRON CURTAIN OFFERS AN OPPORTUNITY FOR THE WEST . HE ARGUES THAT THE SINO-SOVIET SPLIT, THE ECONOMIC PULL OF WESTERN EUROPE, THE GRADUAL " BOURGEOISATION " OF RUSSIA ALL CONTRIBUTE TO TURNING THE COMMUNISTS, AND ESPECIALLY THE EASTERN EUROPEAN SATELLITES, WESTWARD . AND OUT OF THIS HE CONCEIVES OF SOME KIND OF EUROPEAN ARRANGEMENT, NEVER FULLY DEFINED, " STRETCHING FROM THE ATLANTIC TO THE URALS . " HOLDING THIS VISION, DE GAULLE HAS NEVER RULED OUT NEGOTIATION WITH MOSCOW HE MERELY SETS THE CONDITION THAT THE RUSSIANS MUST FIRST PROVE THEMSELVES IN ACTS, NOT WORDS . THOSE WHO FEAR DE GAULLE'S INTENTIONS WONDER WHETHER HE WILL AT SOME FUTURE MOMENT CONSIDER A DISENGAGEMENT IN EUROPE IN WHICH THE 400,000 U.S . TROOPS WOULD GO HOME IN RETURN FOR A RUSSIAN PULL-OUT OF EASTERN EUROPE . THIS MAY BE ONE REASON WHY HE WANTS HIS OWN NUCLEAR FORCE . NO ONE IN THE WORLD, PARTICULARLY NO ONE IN AMERICA, CAN SAY WHETHER, WHERE, WHEN, HOW AND TO WHAT EXTENT AMERICAN NUCLEAR WEAPONS WILL BE USED IN DEFENSE OF EUROPE . " AND, HE ARGUES, " IT IS INTOLERABLE FOR A GREAT STATE THAT HER FATE BE LEFT TO THE DECISIONS AND ACTION OF ANOTHER STATE, HOWEVER FRIENDLY SHE MAY BE . " IT IS A POWERFUL POINT, AND IS NOT FULLY MET BY OFFERING U.S . NUCLEAR WEAPONS TO A EUROPEAN NATO GROUP, SINCE THE FINAL DECISION TO LAUNCH ANY BOMBS WOULD STILL PRESUMABLY BE IN U.S . HANDS . PURGED BRITAIN . TIME WAS WHEN THE U.S . CALLED THE TUNE ON SUCH CRUCIAL QUESTIONS . DE GAULLE'S DRAMATIC ACTION RAISES THE QUESTION WHETHER THE U.S . CAN, OR SHOULD, CONTINUE TO DO SO INDEFINITELY . IN HIS FINAL WORDS TO HIS COMMON MARKET PARTNERS, FRANCE'S COUVE DE MURVILLE SOMBERLY EXPRESSED DE GAULLE'S THOUGHTS ON THE MATTER . " I WILL SAY ONCE AGAIN THAT WE ARE NOT SEEKING TO MAINTAIN A LARGE OR SMALL EUROPE, BUT TO KNOW IF THE EUROPE WE ARE CREATING IS A EUROPEAN EUROPE . " IN EFFECT, HE SEEMED TO BE SAYING : IF BRITAIN ONE DAY TRULY PURGED ITSELF OF ITS CLOSE AMERICAN CONNECTION, IT MIGHT PROVE ITSELF ELIGIBLE AT LAST, IN CHARLES DE GAULLE'S EYES, FOR COMMON MARKET MEMBERSHIP . IRRITATING AS IT MIGHT BE, IT WAS AN IDEA WITH SOME FORCE . SO SYMPATHETIC A TRANSATLANTIC FIGURE AS BRITAIN'S VISCOUNT HAILSHAM, SPEAKING IN MANHATTAN FORTNIGHT AGO, GENTLY WARNED PRESIDENT KENNEDY NOT TO THINK THAT HE IS THE " COMMANDER IN CHIEF OF THE FORCES OF THE FREE WORLD . " IN FACT, SAID LORD HAILSHAM, " THIS IS PRECISELY WHAT HE IS NOT IF THE ALLIES TO WHICH HE IS BOUND ARE NOT TO BE DEPRIVED OF THE VERY INDEPENDENCE FOR WHICH THEY ARE PREPARED TO UNITE . " THE SUPERIORITY IN NUMBERS, WEALTH AND STRENGTH, AND THEREFORE IN INFLUENCE AND INITIATIVE, OF THE U.S., IS NOT IN QUESTION . NOR IS ITS INTEGRITY . . . (BUT) HAVE THE AMERICANS PAUSED TO REFLECT THAT AN ALLIANCE IN WHICH ALL THE ADVANCED AND SOPHISTICATED TECHNOLOGIES WERE LEFT TO ONE OF THE PARTNERS, AND THE REST WERE RELEGATED TO SUPPLY A COMPLEMENT OF CONVENTIONAL ARMS IN WAR, AND IN COMMERCE A MODEST CONTRIBUTION OF SCOTCH WHISKY AND COMPACT CARS . . . WOULD NOT ULTIMATELY SUCCEED IN RETAINING THE LOYALTY OF EUROPEAN ELECTORS ? 
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AS A WRITER, CHARLES DE GAULLE HAS THE GIFT OF CLARITY, AS A POLITICIAN HE KNOWS THE USES OF AMBIGUITY, AND AS A STATESMAN HE HAS SHOWN REMARKABLE CONSISTENCY . FROM NEARLY 30 YEARS OF WRITINGS AND REMARKS COME THESE AFFIRMATIONS OF HIS ASPIRATIONS AND AMBITIONS : ON NATO ALLIANCES DO NOT SETTLE EVERYTHING . (1963) THE GLORY OF FRANCE OUR COUNTRY, WITH HER TINTED SKY, HER VARIED CONTOURS, HER FERTILE SOIL, OUR FIELDS FULL OF FINE CORN AND VINES AND LIVESTOCK, OUR INDUSTRY, OUR GIFTS OF INITIATIVE, ADAPTATION AND SELF-RESPECT, MAKE US, ABOVE ALL OTHERS, A RACE CREATED FOR BRILLIANT DEEDS . THE SWORD IS THE AXIS OF THE WORLD, AND GREATNESS CANNOT BE SHARED . (1934) . THE EMOTIONAL SIDE OF ME TENDS TO IMAGINE FRANCE, LIKE THE PRINCESS IN THE STORIES OR THE MADONNA IN THE FRESCOES, AS DEDICATED TO AN EXALTED AND EXCEPTIONAL DESTINY . BUT THE POSITIVE SIDE OF MY MIND ALSO ASSURES ME THAT FRANCE IS NOT REALLY HERSELF UNLESS IN THE FRONT RANK ; THAT ONLY VAST ENTERPRISES ARE CAPABLE OF COUNTERBALANCING THE DIVISIVE FERMENTS WHICH ARE INHERENT IN HER PEOPLE . IN SHORT, TO MY MIND, FRANCE CANNOT BE FRANCE WITHOUT GREATNESS . (2955) . WHO IN GOOD FAITH CAN DISPUTE THE FACT THAT FRANCE MUST HELP TO BUILD WESTERN EUROPE INTO AN ORGANIZED UNION OF STATES SO THAT GRADUALLY THERE MAY BE ESTABLISHED THE MOST POWERFUL, PROSPEROUS AND INFLUENTIAL POLITICAL, ECONOMIC AND MILITARY COMPLEX IN THE WORLD ? (1962) FROM THE ATLANTIC TO THE URALS THE EQUILIBRIUM OF EUROPE, THE GUARANTEE OF PEACE ALONG THE RHINE, THE INDEPENDENCE OF THE VISTULA, DANUBE AND BALKAN STATES, THE CREATION OF SOME FORM OF ASSOCIATION WITH THE PEOPLES ALL OVER THE WORLD TO WHOM WE HAVE OPENED THE DOORS OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION, AN ORGANIZATION OF NATIONS WHICH WILL BE SOMETHING MORE THAN AN ARENA FOR DISPUTES BETWEEN AMERICA AND RUSSIA THESE SURELY ARE OUR GREAT INTERESTS IN TOMORROW'S WORLD . (1944) . PERHAPS IT MIGHT BE POSSIBLE TO RENEW FRANCO-RUSSIAN SOLIDARITY IN SOME FASHION, WHICH, EVEN IF REPEATEDLY BETRAYED AND REPUDIATED, REMAINS NO LESS A PART OF THE NATURAL ORDER OF THINGS BOTH WITH REGARD TO THE GERMAN DANGER AND THE ANGLO-SAXON EFFORTS TO ASSERT THEIR HEGEMONY . (1944) . I AM CONVINCED THAT IF FRANCE TOOK THE INITIATIVE TO SUMMON EUROPE TO ORGANIZE ITSELF, IN PARTICULAR WITH GERMAN HELP, THE WHOLE EUROPEAN ATMOSPHERE FROM THE ATLANTIC TO THE URALS WOULD BE CHANGED . (1950) THE AMERICANS IN THE MORTAL DANGERS WE FRENCH HAVE SURVIVED SINCE THE BEGINNING OF THE CENTURY, THE U.S . HAS NOT GIVEN US THE IMPRESSION THAT IT REGARDS ITS OWN DESTINY AS LINKED WITH THAT OF FRANCE, THAT IT WISHES FRANCE TO BE GREAT AND STRONG, THAT IT IS DOING ALL IT CAN TO HELP HER TO REMAIN OR BECOME SO ONCE AGAIN . (1945) . THE ALLIANCE HAS BEEN BUILT ON THE BASIS OF INTEGRATION, IN WHICH THE DEFENSE OF EACH OF THE COUNTRIES OF CONTINENTAL EUROPE, APART FROM ENGLAND, HAS NO NATIONAL CHARACTER, IN WHICH IN FACT ALL IS COMMANDED BY THE AMERICANS, AND IT IS THE AMERICANS WHO DETERMINE THE USE OF YOUR ATOMIC WEAPONS . (1960) . THE AMERICAN INTEREST IS NOT ALWAYS THE FRENCH INTEREST . THIS WILL BE MORE AND MORE TRUE IN THE FUTURE, WHICH WILL GIVE EUROPE A GREATER AND GREATER WEIGHT, AND WHICH WILL THEREFORE CONTRIBUTE TO DIMINISHING THE RELATIVE WEIGHT OF THE U.S . (1963) . FOLLOWING BRITAIN, OTHER STATES WOULD WANT TO ENTER THE COMMON MARKET . IN THE END THERE WOULD APPEAR A COLOSSAL ATLANTIC COMMUNITY UNDER AMERICAN DEPENDENCE AND LEADERSHIP, WHICH WOULD SOON COMPLETELY SWALLOW UP THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY . (1963) BRITAIN & EUROPE ENGLAND AND FRANCE WILL TOGETHER CREATE PEACE, AS TWICE IN 30 YEARS THEY HAVE TOGETHER CONFRONTED WAR . (1944) . ENGLAND HAS TURNED OVER TO THE AMERICANS WHAT MEAGER ATOMIC FORCES SHE HAD . SHE COULD HAVE TURNED THEM OVER TO EUROPE . THUS SHE HAS MADE HER CHOICE . I AM DISTRESSED TO SEE ENGLAND ALIGN HERSELF WITH THE U.S., FOR SHE RISKS ACTING LIKE THEIR TRAVELING SALESMAN . THE ENGLISH WILL NO DOUBT ENTER THE COMMON MARKET, PERHAPS IN 50 YEARS, AND I WILL WITHOUT DOUBT NO LONGER BE HERE . (1963) THIRD FORCE I HAVE SOUGHT TO ASSURE FRANCE PRIMACY IN WESTERN EUROPE BY PREVENTING THE RISE OF A NEW REICH THAT MIGHT AGAIN THREATEN ITS SAFETY ; TO COOPERATE WITH EAST AND WEST AND, IF NEED BE, CONTRACT THE NECESSARY ALLIANCES ON ONE SIDE OR THE OTHER WITHOUT EVER ACCEPTING ANY KIND OF DEPENDENCY ; TO PERSUADE THE STATES ALONG THE RHINE, THE ALPS AND THE PYRENEES TO FORM A POLITICAL, ECONOMIC AND STRATEGIC BLOC ; TO ESTABLISH THIS ORGANIZATION AS ONE OF THE THREE WORLD POWERS AND, IF NECESSARY, AS THE ARBITER BETWEEN THE SOVIET AND ANGLO-AMERICAN CAMPS . SINCE 1940, MY EVERY WORD AND DEED HAS BEEN DEDICATED TO ESTABLISHING THESE POSSIBILITIES . (1955) . ONLY FRANCE KNOWS THAT PEACE OR WAR WILL BE DECIDED IN EUROPE . YES, IT IS EUROPE, IT IS ALL EUROPE THAT WILL DECIDE THE DESTINY OF THE WORLD . IF THE PEOPLES OF EUROPE, ON WHICHEVER SIDE OF THE CURTAIN THEY FIND THEMSELVES, WANT TO ESTABLISH CONCORD AMONG THEMSELVES, THEN PEACE WILL BE ASSURED . BUT IF EUROPE REMAINS DIVIDED IN TWO OPPOSED FACTIONS, WAR WILL SOONER OR LATER DESTROY THE HUMAN RACE . (1959) . WHO CAN SAY WHAT TOMORROW WILL BRING ? WHO CAN SAY THAT, IN THE FUTURE, IF THE POLITICAL BACKGROUND SHOULD CHANGE COMPLETELY, THE TWO POWERS (THE U.S . AND RUSSIA) THAT HAVE THE NUCLEAR MONOPOLY WILL NOT AGREE TO DIVIDE THE WORLD ? WHO CAN SAY THAT IF THE OCCASION ARISES, EACH OF THE TWO, WHILE DECIDING NOT TO LAUNCH ITS MISSILES AT THE MAIN ENEMY, SO THAT IT MIGHT ITSELF BE SPARED, WILL NOT CRUSH THE OTHERS ? IT IS POSSIBLE TO IMAGINE THAT, ON SOME AWFUL DAY, WESTERN EUROPE WOULD BE WIPED OUT FROM MOSCOW AND CENTRAL EUROPE FROM WASHINGTON . AND WHO CAN EVEN SAY THAT THE TWO RIVALS, AFTER I KNOW NOT WHAT POLITICAL UPHEAVAL, WILL NOT UNITE ? (1959) ON LEADERSHIP GLORY GIVES HERSELF ONLY TO THOSE WHO HAVE ALWAYS DREAMED OF HER . (1934) . IT WAS BY ACTING AS THE INFLEXIBLE CHAMPION OF THE NATION AND THE STATE THAT IT WAS POSSIBLE FOR ME TO GATHER THE CONSENT, EVEN THE ENTHUSIASM, OF THE FRENCH, AND TO WIN FROM FOREIGNERS RESPECT AND CONSIDERATION . THOSE WHO WERE OFFENDED BY THIS INTRANSIGENCE WERE UNWILLING TO SEE THAT FOR ME THE SLIGHTEST WAVERING WOULD HAVE BROUGHT COLLAPSE . LIMITED AND ALONE THOUGH I WAS, I HAD TO CLIMB TO THE HEIGHTS AND NEVER THEN TO COME DOWN . (1940, DESCRIBING HIS WARTIME LEADERSHIP) . EVERY MAN OF ACTION HAS A STRONG DOSE OF EGOTISM, PRIDE, HARDNESS AND CUNNING . BUT ALL THOSE THINGS WILL BE FORGIVEN HIM IF HE CAN MAKE OF THEM THE MEANS TO ACHIEVE GREAT ENDS . ALOOFNESS, CHARACTER, AND THE PERSONIFICATION OF GREATNESS, THESE QUALITIES IT IS THAT SURROUND WITH PRESTIGE THOSE WHO ARE PREPARED TO CARRY A BURDEN WHICH IS TOO HEAVY FOR LESSER MORTALS . 
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CAMBODIA THE MAN WHO WOULDN'T BE KING ONCE HE DREAMED OF GOING TO HOLLYWOOD AS THE " CAMBODIAN CHARLIE CHAN . " THEN HE TOOK UP THE SAXOPHONE AND MADE LIKE " CANNONBALL " ADDERLEY, BELTING OUT SUCH COMPOSITIONS OF HIS OWN AS LOVE WITHOUT HOPE . HE SUPPORTED A TROUPE OF 30 DANCING GIRLS AND A STRING OF 20 THOROUGHBREDS AND WORKED DILIGENTLY TO IMPROVE THE BREED . SPORTS ARE HIS LATEST CRAZE . HE CAPTAINS A CHAMPIONSHIP VOLLEYBALL TEAM AND RECENTLY DUNKED IN 92 POINTS IN A BASKETBALL GAME . ECCENTRIC AND MERCURIAL HE MAY BE, BUT CAMBODIA'S PRINCE NORODOM SIHANOUK, 41, IS ALSO ONE OF THE SHREWDEST LEADERS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA . SIHANOUK WAS CAMBODIA'S YOUNG KING UNTIL 1955, WHEN HE STEPPED DOWN FROM THE THRONE TO RUN FOR ELECTIVE OFFICE IN THE GOVERNMENT, BECAUSE THE " TRUE FACE OF THE PEOPLE WAS HIDDEN FROM ME . / UNDER HIS LEADERSHIP, CAMBODIA HAS EMBARKED ON AN AMBITIOUS PROGRAM OF DEVELOPMENT . LAST YEAR THE RICE CROP WAS THE BEST IN MEMORY, AND A RECORD EXPORTABLE SURPLUS OF 400,000 TONS WAS PREDICTED . CAMBODIA DOES NOT HAVE ONE RIEL OF EXTERNAL DEBT, AND ITS CURRENCY IS 100 PER CENT COVERED BY GOLD AND FOREIGN EXCHANGE (V . 50 PER CENT IN THE U.S.) ; 25 PER CENT OF THE BUDGET IS SPENT ON EDUCATION, ONE OF THE HIGHEST PERCENTAGES IN THE WORLD . " SOCIALIST MAJESTIES . " BUT CAMBODIA, LIKE MANY PLEASANT AND LANGUID PLACES, IS NOW BESET BY PRESSING ECONOMIC PROBLEMS . THE PLANNED $26 MILLION DEFICIT FOR THIS FISCAL YEAR HAS UNEXPECTEDLY DOUBLED, AND THE GOVERNMENT IS SO SHORT OF CASH THAT THE CURRENT FIVE YEAR PLAN IS LITERALLY OUT OF MONEY . SOME $24 MILLION WORTH OF PUBLIC PROJECTS HAVE HAD TO BE CANCELED, AND FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES ARE DWINDLING AT THE RATE OF $1,500,000 A MONTH . SIHANOUK'S REACTION WAS CHARACTERISTICALLY UNPREDICTABLE ; HE PURGED HIS GOVERNMENT OF ITS OLDTIMERS AND INSTALLED IN THEIR PLACES A GROUP OF HIS MOST FIERY CRITICS . THEY ARE YOUTHFUL (AVERAGE AGE : 36), LEFT-WING, PARIS-TRAINED INTELLECTUALS WHOM SIHANOUK SNEERINGLY CALLS " THEIR SOCIALIST MAJESTIES . " SAYS SIHANOUK : " I KNOW THAT THEY DO NOT LIKE ME . THEY HATE ME . THEY HAVE ALWAYS SUPPORTED THE COMMUNISTS . NOW I'VE GIVEN THEM THE OPPORTUNITY OF SUPPORTING CAMBODIA FOR THE FIRST TIME . I TOLD THEM, " YOU CAN KILL ME, BUT YOU HAVE NO RIGHT TO KILL CAMBODIA . " ' WHAT'S GOOD FOR G . M . . . . BEHIND SIHANOUK'S ODD CHOICE OF MINISTERS IS AN ADROIT POLICY . WITH OPPONENTS IN HIS VERY CABINET, SIHANOUK IS ABLE TO KEEP AN EYE ON HIS FOES, AND TO FORCE THEM TO SHARE BLAME FOR A WORSENING FINANCIAL SITUATION . HE HAS ALLOWED THE CABINET TO SLASH GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES, BUT VETOED ITS PROPOSAL TO NATIONALIZE THE FRENCH RUBBER PLANTATIONS, WHICH ARE A PRIME SOURCE OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE . " THE FRENCH MIGHT BE CAPITALISTS, " SIHANOUK SAID, / BUT THEY ARE CAPABLE . " HE ALSO DELIGHTS IN POINTING OUT TO HIS LEFT-LEANING INTELLECTUALS THE FAILURE OF CAMBODIA'S RED CHINESE-BUILT FACTORIES . " THEY ONLY COST US MONEY, " SIHANOUK SAYS . " I TELL MY CABINET THAT THAT'S NOT WHAT FORD OR GENERAL MOTORS WOULD DO . " THOUGH HE DEALS ROUGHLY WITH CAMBODIA'S NATIVE COMMUNISTS, SIHANOUK ARTFULLY REFUSES TO JOIN EITHER THE COMMUNIST OR WESTERN CAMPS . HOPING TO KEEP HIM NEUTRAL, THE U.S . HAS WEIGHED IN WITH $300 MILLION IN ECONOMIC AID SINCE 1955, TO THIS NATION OF 5,700,000 PEOPLE, AND RUSSIA HAS BUILT A 500-BED HOSPITAL AND SENT INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT . CURRENTLY, NEUTRALIST SIHANOUK LEANS TOWARD MORE WESTERN INFLUENCE IN HIS COUNTRY, FOR HE FEELS THAT A COUNTERBALANCE IS NEEDED AGAINST THE RISING STRENGTH OF THE COMMUNISTS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA . BUT THE MAIN OBJECT OF SIHANOUK'S POLICY IS STILL TO " MAINTAIN THE JOIE DE VIVRE OF MY PEOPLE . I WANT THEM TO WORK ALSO, BUT NOT SO HARD AS COMMUNISTS . WE CAMBODIANS ARE NOT ANIMALS OR MACHINES . WE HAVE TO REMAIN GAY AND FREE . WE MUST BE ALLOWED TO HAVE THE GOOD THINGS . / 
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THE CONGO BARE CUPBOARD AWAITING THE VICTORIOUS UNITED NATIONS AT THE NATIONAL BANK OF KATANGA IN ELISABETHVILLE WERE SOME LEGITIMATE SPOILS OR SO IT SEEMED SHOULD HAVE BEEN $16.2 MILLION IN CONGOLESE FRANCS ORIGINALLY DEPOSITED IN THE BANK TO SUPPORT THE CURRENCY OF MOISE TSHOMBE'S KATANGA AND U.N . OFFICIALS HOPED TO TURN IT OVER TO THE CONGO GOVERNMENT FOR RECONSTRUCTION . BUT WHEN THEY GOT THERE, TSHOMBE'S CUPBOARD WAS BARE . FOR WEEKS, THE BANK'S DIRECTORS HAD REFUSED TO OPEN THEIR FILES AND STRONGROOMS TO U.N . INVESTIGATORS, AND NOW THE REASON FOR THEIR RELUCTANCE WAS CLEAR . MOST OF THE RECORDS WERE GONE, AND MOST OF THE CASH . ALL THE U.N . FOUND WAS $116.28 IN FOREIGN CURRENCY ABOUT ENOUGH TO PAY A CONGOLESE ARMY SUB-LIEUTENANT FOR TEN DAYS . IT WAS NOT DIFFICULT TO GUESS WHERE THE MONEY WENT . TSHOMBE'S OWN KATANGESE OFFICIALS HAD WITHDRAWN HUGE SUMS OF MONEY WITHOUT TROUBLING TO LEAVE RECEIPTS . ONE UNNAMED OFFICIAL WALTZED OFF WITH 133 MILLION KATANGESE FRANCS (WORTH $2,660,000 AT THE OFFICIAL EXCHANGE RATE OF 50 TO $1) IN A SINGLE SWIPE . SOME 4,000 GOLD COINS VALUED AT $280,000 WERE SMUGGLED TO GENEVA FOR SALE BY A EUROPEAN SYNDICATE . THERE WAS EVIDENCE THAT THE BANK HAD TRANSFERRED 1 BILLION FRANCS TO A BRANCH 150 MILES AWAY IN NDOLA, NORTHERN RHODESIA, TO BUY ARMS AND PAY MERCENARIES . WITH THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT IN LEOPOLDVILLE ALREADY FACING A 1963 DEFICIT OF $100 MILLION, THE LOOTING OF THE BANK WAS A SAD BLOW . IT WAS ALSO BAD NEWS TO THE U.S., WHICH HAS ALREADY RESIGNED ITSELF TO DONATING ANOTHER HEFTY SUBSIDY TO THE CONGOLESE . LAST WEEK A U.S . AID TEAM HEADED BY ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF STATE HARLAN CLEVELAND FLEW INTO LEOPOLDVILLE TO SEE WHAT ELSE WAS NEEDED . 
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TURKEY RAIN OF DEATH IN MIDAFTERNOON IN ULUS SQUARE, IN THE HEART OF ANKARA, SHOPPERS, OFFICE WORKERS AND BYSTANDERS JAMMED THE STREETS . AT THE RAILROAD STATION NEAR BY, A RETIRED TURKISH AIR FORCE GENERAL HEARD A NOISE AND LOOKED UP . THE MIDDLE EAST AIRLINES JET-PROP VISCOUNT WAS COMING INTO A LOW-HANGING CLOUD BANK ON ITS WAY TOWARD A LANDING AT ANKARA AIRPORT . AND THEN, TO HIS HORROR, THE GENERAL SAW A TURKISH AIR FORCE C-47 DAKOTA CARGO PLANE LUMBER INTO THE SAME CLOUD FROM THE OPPOSITE DIRECTION . IN A FLASH OF FLAME, THE TWO RAMMED HEAD-ON, DUMPING FLAMING WRECKAGE INTO THE CROWDS IN ULUS SQUARE BELOW . NEVER IN THE HISTORY OF FLYING HAS THERE BEEN SUCH DEATH ON THE GROUND FROM AN AIRBORNE ACCIDENT . AT LEAST 62 PEOPLE ON THE STREETS WERE KILLED, AND OF ANOTHER 120 HOSPITALIZED, TEN WERE NOT EXPECTED TO SURVIVE . EIGHT OF THE DEAD LOST THEIR LIVES FROM HUGE HUNKS OF HOT METAL PLUNGING THROUGH THE ROOFS OF THEIR HOMES . FOUR PEOPLE IN A TAXI WERE CRUSHED AND KILLED BY FALLING WRECKAGE . ULUS SQUARE BECAME AN INFERNO OF FLAME AND CHOKING SMOKE AS FIRES TOUCHED OFF BY A BURST GAS MAIN BURNED OUT OF CONTROL FOR TWO HOURS . FIRE TRUCKS AND AMBULANCES COULD NOT GET TO THE SCENE, SLOWED TO A CRAWL BY THE HUNDREDS OF SCREAMING, SHOVING AND PANICKY PEOPLE WHO BLOCKED THE NARROW STREETS LEADING TO THE SQUARE . ALL 17 PEOPLE IN THE TWO PLANES 14, INCLUDING FIVE AMERICAN PASSENGERS, ABOARD THE VISCOUNT AND A CREW OF THREE ON THE DAKOTA WERE KILLED . 
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JAPAN GETTING THERE IS NOT MUCH FUN " I WOULDN'T MIND " SAID THE ANXIOUS HOUSEWIFE AT THE ATAMI STATION OF JAPAN'S NATIONAL RAILWAYS, " EXCEPT THEY WERE A NEW YEAR'S GIFT FROM MY HUSBAND AND HE WILL KILL ME IF HE FINDS THEY ARE MISSING . HE WILL NOT BELIEVE WHAT HAPPENED . " AN UNDERSTANDING MAN, THE STATIONMASTER WIRED AHEAD TO NAGOYA . SURE ENOUGH, IN ONE OF THE EMPTY CARS, THERE WERE THE BLACK LACE PANTIES THAT THE WOMAN HAD BEEN WEARING UNTIL SHE WAS CAUGHT IN THE RIB-CRUNCHING FREE-FOR-ALL INVOLVED IN GETTING ON AND OFF A TRAIN IN JAPAN . THE LADY'S PLIGHT, PRESUMABLY THE RESULT OF FAILING ELASTIC OR FLAILING HANDS, IS A FAMILIAR ONE TO HARRIED J.N.R . OFFICIALS . THEIR LOST-AND-FOUND WAREHOUSES BULGE WITH AN INVENTORY THAT WOULD DO A DEPARTMENT STORE PROUD :. 1,800,000 ITEMS, INCLUDING 25,000 WRISTWATCHES, 310,000 UMBRELLAS, 180,000 BOOKS, 400,000 PIECES OF CLOTHING, RANGING FROM GARTER BELTS TO GREATCOATS, FOUR URNS CONTAINING HUMAN ASHES (PRAYED OVER DAILY BY REVERENT WAREHOUSE EMPLOYEES), AN ELECTRIC MOTOR, ONE PINBALL MACHINE, FALSE TEETH, AND SEVERAL FALSE EYEBALLS . ONLY 15 PER CENT OF THE ITEMS ARE RECLAIMED . BY AUCTIONING THE REST, AND BY POCKETING UNCLAIMED CASH, THE RAILWAYS GROSSED $150,000 IN 1962 . TO REDUCE THE SIZE OF ITS UNWANTED HOARD, THE RAILWAYS ARE NOW BROADCASTING URGENT ANNOUNCEMENTS ON TRAINS REMINDING PASSENGERS TO TAKE THEIR BOX LUNCHES AND BRIEFCASES . BURIAL URNS ARE NEVER MENTIONED, SAID ONE OFFICIAL, BECAUSE " IT'S RATHER POOR TASTE " TO SAY SOMETHING LIKE " PLEASE CHECK TO SEE YOU HAVEN'T FORGOTTEN YOUR GRANDMOTHER . " BUT NOBODY EXPECTED THE CAMPAIGN TO DO MUCH GOOD . WHILE FORGETFULNESS IS MUCH TO BLAME, SO IS OVERCROWDING . EVERY DAY, 36 MILLION JAPANESE RIDE THE TRAINS, 4,200,000 IN TOKYO ALONE . AT RUSH HOURS, 350 COMMUTERS JAM INTO CARS DESIGNED FOR 100, HELPED BY BRAWNY STUDENTS WHO ARE PAID 150 YEN (42 #$ ) AN HOUR TO STAND ON THE PLATFORM AND SHOEHORN PEOPLE INSIDE . WHEN THE DOORS OPEN, THE SCRIMMAGE BEGINS ; CRACKED RIBS ARE NOT UNCOMMON . IN SUCH CIRCUMSTANCES, THE PASSENGER'S FIRST CONCERN IS FOR HIS SAFETY, NOT FOR HIS PACKAGES OR EVEN HIS CLOTHES . IN FACT, SO MANY COMMUTERS LOSE THEIR SHOES FIGHTING THEIR WAY OFF THE TRAINS THAT THE BIGGER STATIONS NOW KEEP A SUPPLY OF ASSORTED SHOES ON HAND . 
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WESTERN EUROPE ROUND 1 TO THE GENERAL IF MOST OF EUROPE SEEMED ANGRY AT CHARLES DE GAULLE LAST WEEK, NO ONE SEEMED TO KNOW QUITE WHAT TO DO ABOUT HIM . SPEAKER AFTER SPEAKER AT THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT IN STRASBOURG RINGINGLY CONDEMNED CHARLES DE GAULLE'S IMPERIOUS THUMBS DOWN ON BRITISH MEMBERSHIP IN THE COMMON MARKET . AS A RESULT, DECLARED COMMON MARKET CHAIRMAN WALTER HALLSTEIN, THE SIX HAVE BEEN PLUNGED INTO THEIR " FIRST REAL CRISIS A CRISIS OF CONFIDENCE . " IN EUROPEAN CAPITALS FROM BONN TO ROME, FRANCE'S COMMON MARKET PARTNERS SPOKE BRAVELY OF GANGING UP ON DE GAULLE, PERHAPS BY BLOCKING HIS PLANS FOR ASSOCIATING FRANCE'S FORMER AFRICAN COLONIES WITH EUROPE, OR EVEN BY BOYCOTTING FRENCH GOODS . EMPTY CHAIR ? BUT WHEN THE SPEECHES WERE OVER, EUROPEAN PARLIAMENTARIANS SPEECHLESSLY REALIZED THAT THERE WAS ALMOST NO CONCRETE ACTION THAT THEY COULD TAKE AGAINST LE GRAND CHARLES . DE GAULLE SEEMED TO HOLD ALL THE TRUMPS . SOME MEMBERS OF THE OTHER COMMON MARKET FIVE HAD TALKED OF GIVING FRANCE THE " EMPTY-CHAIR " TREATMENT, CARRYING ON THEIR EFFORTS FOR EUROPEAN UNITY AND ATLANTIC PARTNERSHIP WITHOUT THE FRENCH . YET WHAT PURPOSE WOULD IT SERVE TO EXCLUDE FRANCE FROM NATO COUNCILS ? NONE AT ALL . ITS CONTRIBUTIONS TO ALLIED FIGHTING STRENGTH ARE SUFFICIENTLY MEAGER IT IS TWO DIVISIONS BEHIND ITS COMMITMENTS IN GERMANY, IT WITHHOLDS ITS MEDITERRANEAN FLEET FROM NATO, KEEPS MOST OF ITS METROPOLITAN TERRITORY OUT OF THE AIR WARNING SYSTEM, AND EVEN PROHIBITS FOREIGN NUCLEAR WEAPONS ON FRENCH SOIL . STILL, SHEER GEOGRAPHY GIVES FRANCE A VETO ON NATO PLANNING . COULD FRANCE BE IGNORED IN THE TARIFF DISCUSSIONS OF THE 40-ODD MEMBERS OF GATT, OR IN OECD, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COORDINATING GROUP THAT GREW OUT OF THE MARSHALL PLAN ? HARDLY, SINCE THE ECONOMIES OF ALL WESTERN EUROPEAN NATIONS ARE INTERTWINED WITH FRANCE'S . THE URGENT FRENCH NEED TO EXPORT FOOD SURPLUSES, AND ITS BOOMING MARKET FOR OTHER NATIONS' INDUSTRIAL GOODS, ARE THE STICK AND THE CARROT THAT HAVE GIVEN THE COMMUNITY MUCH OF ITS MOMENTUM . EVEN BELGIUM'S PAUL-HENRI SPAAK, PERHAPS THE MOST IMPLACABLE FOE OF DE GAULLE'S PLANS FOR EUROPE, AGREED LAST WEEK THAT THERE WAS NO GENERAL SUPPORT FOR RETALIATORY MEASURES AGAINST FRANCE . WEST GERMANY'S ECONOMICS MINISTER LUDWIG ERHARD, WHO WAS IN TEARS AT BRUSSELS WHEN FRANCE BLACKBALLED BRITAIN, WENT HOME BREATHING DEFIANCE OF DE GAULLE AND THREATS TO TOPPLE KONRAD ADENAUER NOWHERE (SEE BELOW) . AND AFTER ALL THE ORATORY AT STRASBOURG, A " SOLEMN PROTEST " MOTION CONDEMNING DE GAULLE'S " DOMINATION " OF EUROPE WAS IGNOMINIOUSLY DEFEATED BY A TIE VOTE OF 38-38 HARDLY A RESOUNDING GESTURE OF DEFIANCE . PERSONALITY CHANGE . BY THEIR VERY LACK OF PASSION AT THE NEW REALITIES, EUROPEAN STATESMEN PROVED THAT THERE IS STILL A LOT OF LIFE IN DEEP-ROOTED NATIONALISM, WHETHER DE GAULLE'S OR ANYONE ELSE'S . THE COMMUNISTS HAD FOUND OUT THE SAME THING IN YUGOSLAVIA, POLAND, HUNGARY AND EAST GERMANY . THERE WERE DIFFERENCES : RUSSIA HAD TRIED TO IMPOSE A UNITY, AND WESTERN EUROPEANS HAD HOPED TO EVOLVE INTO A UNITY BY DEMOCRATIC MEANS AND FOR MUTUAL BENEFIT . WESTERN EUROPEANS STILL INSIST THAT THE IDEA OF EUROPE WILL CARRY THE DAY, BUT AT THE MOMENT THERE IS A NEW CONSCIOUSNESS OF ONE ANOTHER'S DISPARATE TASTES, TALENTS AND DESTINIES . THE FRENCH, AWARE OF THE HOSTILITY OF ALLIES, WERE REASSURING EVERYBODY THAT THEY WERE NOT PROPOSING TO GO IT ALONE . FOREIGN MINISTER COUVE DE MURVILLE SAID : " IT IS NOT A QUESTION OF FREEING THE EUROPEAN PERSONALITY BUT OF REMAINING INSIDE THE ATLANTIC ALLIANCE . " EVEN SO, EUROPE'S PERSONALITY HAD UNDOUBTEDLY UNDERGONE A CHANGE . SAID ONE MINISTER IN BRUSSELS LAST WEEK : " FOR THE PRESENT, ONLY EXPECT THE THINGS TO BE DONE QUICKLY AROUND HERE THAT ARE PLAINLY GOOD FOR ALL THE SIX COUNTRIES . IT WILL BE QUIT A WHILE BEFORE WE HEAR A MINISTER IN COUNCIL SAY HE IS VOTING FOR ANYTHING FOR THE GOOD THE COMMUNITY AS A WHOLE . / 
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FRANCE SPARKS ACROSS THE CHANNEL FOR A MAN SO INSISTENT ON HAVING HIS OWN SENSIBILITIES TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT, CHARLES DE GAULLE HAS A GARGANTUAN CAPACITY FOR BEING INDIFFERENT TO EVERYONE ELSE'S . LAST WEEK, HAVING STOOD FRANCE'S FRIENDS AND NEIGHBORS ON THEIR EARS, DE GAULLE TRIUMPHANTLY SURVEYED THE SCENE FOR THE BENEFIT OF SOME 120 NEWLY ELECTED NATIONAL ASSEMBLY DEPUTIES IN A RECEPTION AT ELYSEE PALACE . DE GAULLE, WHOSE ATTITUDE TOWARD ECONOMICS IS VAGUE AT BEST, LOFTILY EXPLAINED TO THE DEPUTIES WHY THE U.S . WANTED BRITAIN IN THE COMMON MARKET : " THE AMERICANS ARE GIVING AWAY THEIR PRODUCTS TO THE SOUTH AMERICANS, THE AFRICANS, AND EVEN THE ARABS . THEREFORE THEY MUST TRY TO SELL THEM IN EUROPE, WHICH CAN PAY FOR THEM . " THIS WAS WILDLY INACCURATE : U.S . SALES TO JAPAN AND CANADA ALONE IN 1962 TOTALED ALMOST TWICE AS MUCH AS ITS $3.6 BILLION IN EXPORTS TO THE COMMON MARKET . WITH BRITAIN'S EXCLUSION, SAID LE GRAND CHARLES, THE U.S . IS NOW " MAKING USE OF ENGLAND " TO CREATE " A VAST NEW TRADE THINGAMAJIG WITH THE IRISH, THE ICELANDERS, AND SO FORTH . " THEN DE GAULLE TURNED HIS REMARKS TO THE WEST GERMANS, FOR WHOM HE HAD SOME ADVICE ON HOW TO GOVERN THEMSELVES . " WHAT IS NEEDED IN GERMANY, " HE DECLARED, " IS A CONSTITUTION THAT WOULD PERMIT IT TO FACE MODERN CONDITIONS . " (GERMANY'S CONSTITUTION WAS DRAFTED AND ADOPTED IN 1949.) CHANGE OF TONE . DE GAULLE'S MOST DERISIVE COMMENTS WERE AIMED AT HAROLD MACMILLAN AND HIS COUNTRYMEN, WHO " ALWAYS MANAGE TO SEEM SO RESPECTABLE . " DESCRIBING THE PRIME MINISTER'S TALKS WITH HIM AT RAMBOUILLET LAST DECEMBER, HE RELATED : " MR . MACMILLAN CAME TO TELL ME WE WERE RIGHT IN MAKING OUR FORCE DE FRAPPE . " WE HAVE OUR OWN, TOO,' HE TOLD ME . " WE SHOULD TRY TO ASSOCIATE THEM IN A EUROPEAN FRAMEWORK INDEPENDENT OF AMERICA.' ON THIS, HE LEFT ME FOR THE BAHAMAS . " THERE, ACCORDING TO DE GAULLE, MACMILLAN BETRAYED HIM BY AGREEING INSTEAD TO ACCEPT POLARIS FORCE FROM THE U.S . AND THEN TO COMMIT IT, ALONG WITH BRITAIN'S OWN NEW NUCLEAR BOMBERS, TO A MULTINATIONAL NATO NUCLEAR FORCE . SHRUGGING THAT THIS " NATURALLY CHANGED THE TONE " OF THE JAN . 14 PRESS CONFERENCE AT WHICH DE GAULLE GUTTED BRITAIN'S HOPES OF JOINING EUROPE, DE GAULLE ADDED TESTILY : " MR . MACMILLAN, WHOM I LIKE, HAS HAD THE BRITISH PRESS COMPARE ME TO HITLER AND EVEN TO NAPOLEON . " IN LONDON, IRATE BRITISH OFFICIALS WERE OFFENDED AT THE IDEA THAT MACMILLAN COULD DICTATE FLEET STREET'S LINE, EVEN IF HE WANTED TO . PERHAPS, THEY SUGGESTED ACIDLY, HE WAS CONFUSING BRITAIN'S FREE PRESS WITH FRANCE'S, WHERE DE GAULLE'S SIDE PRONOUNCEMENTS AND LITTLE WITTICISMS ARE FED TO THE PARIS PRESS BY THE PALACE GUARD . A GREAT MANY TALKATIVE DEPUTIES HAD HEARD DE GAULLE'S COMMENTS AT HIS PALACE RECEPTION, AND THE STATE-OWNED NEWS AGENCY HAD SENT THEM OUT ON THE WIRE . NONETHELESS, WHEN THE REVERBERATIONS BEGAN, THE PALACE GRANDLY ISSUED A WARNING THAT THE PUBLIC " ONCE AGAIN BE ON GUARD AGAINST THE PUBLICATION OF SO-CALLED DECLARATIONS OF GENERAL DE GAULLE . " SEVEN REASONS . IN LONDON, BRITISH OFFICIALS PRODUCED THEIR OWN MINUTES OF THE RAMBOUILLET TALKS, WHICH CONTAINED NO HINT THAT MACMILLAN HAD EVER PROPOSED A DETERRENT " INDEPENDENT OF AMERICA . " THE PRIME MINISTER, THEY SAID, HAD INDEED AGREED THAT DE GAULLE SHOULD PUSH AHEAD WITH HIS FORCE DE FRAPPE, BUT HAD POINTEDLY EXPRESSED HIS HOPES THAT IT WOULD EVENTUALLY BE ASSIGNED TO NATO . SNAPPED ONE OFFICIAL : " THE FRENCH HAVE NOW GIVEN SEVEN DIFFERENT REASONS WHY DE GAULLE TURNED DOWN BRITISH MEMBERSHIP . THE ONLY THING THEY HAVEN'T CLAIMED YET IS THAT IT WAS BECAUSE SCOTLAND BEAT FRANCE 11-6 AT RUGBY . / THE REAL REASON WHY DE GAULLE VETOED BRITAIN, RETORTED FOREIGN SECRETARY LORD HOME, WAS THAT " TWO VISIONS OF EUROPE HAD COME INTO HEAD-ON COLLISION . ONE WAS OF EUROPE SO ORDERED THAT IT WOULD BE A THIRD FORCE, PROTECTED, EXCLUSIVE, NARCISSUS-LIKE IN ITS SELF-GLORY . THE OTHER, A EUROPE OF EQUAL, POLITICALLY MATURE NATIONS IN COMPLETE PARTNERSHIP WITH AMERICA AND DOING THEIR DUTY BY THE WHOLE WORLD OUTSIDE . " WITH ANGLO-FRENCH RELATIONS IN SUCH AN IRRITABLE STATE, BRITAIN ANNOUNCED THAT THE PLANNED VISIT TO PARIS OF PRINCESS MARGARET AND HER HUSBAND, LORD SNOWDEN, FOR THE MOVIE PREMIERE OF LAWRENCE OF ARABIA, HAD BEEN CANCELED " ON THE ADVICE OF THE GOVERNMENT . 
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IRAQ FRIENDS & BROTHERS NOT LONG AGO, ABDUL KARIM KASSEM, LEAN AND PSYCHOTIC STRONGMAN OF IRAQ, BOASTED THAT HE HAD SURVIVED 38 ATTEMPTS TO KILL HIM OVER THE PAST 4F YEARS . LAST WEEK IN BAGHDAD, DEATH KEPT THE 39TH APPOINTMENT . REBEL IRAQI ARMY OFFICERS OVERTHREW THE GOVERNMENT AND ISSUED A CHARACTERISTIC MIDDLE EASTERN COMMUNIQUE : " WITH THE HELP OF GOD, WE HAVE BEEN ABLE TO DESTROY THE ENEMY OF GOD AND OF THE PEOPLE, ABDUL KARIM KASSEM, AND HIS GANG, WHO HAVE USED THE COUNTRY FOR THEIR OWN INTERESTS AND WHO CHOKED LIBERTY AND DISRUPTED THE LAW ! " HOME & HEADQUARTERS . THE INSURRECTION BEGAN ON FRIDAY, HOLIEST DAY OF THE MOSLEM WEEK, AND IN THE MIDST OF RAMADAN, THE MONTH WHEN GOOD MOSLEMS FAST EVERY DAY FROM SUNUP TO SUNDOWN AND TEMPERS ARE EVERYWHERE SHORT . ARMY TRUCKS AND TANKS WERE ALREADY RUMBLING THROUGH THE STREETS WHEN AT 9 : 30 A.M., A STRIDENT NEW VOICE ON RADIO BAGHDAD BEGAN EXULTING, " THIS IS THE VOICE OF THE IRAQI REVOLUTION ! " ACCUSING " KASSEM THE DICTATOR " OF HAVING " MURDERED CITIZENS, WEAKENED THE ARMY, IMPRISONED AND EXECUTED SCORES OF OFFICERS, " THE BROADCASTER CLAIMED THAT THE REBELS " HAVE DESTROYED THE TYRANT ! " BUT THE FIGHT WAS ONLY BEGINNING . REBEL UNITS SURROUNDED BAGHDAD'S HUGE, YELLOW BRICK DEFENSE MINISTRY, THE HOME AND HEADQUARTERS OF PREMIER KASSEM, WHICH WAS DEFENDED BY 600 TRUSTED SOLDIERS . THE REBELS BROUGHT UP TANKS AND HEAVY ARTILLERY, AND IRAQI FIGHTER PLANES STRAFED AND BOMBED THE KASSEM FORTRESS . LOYAL DISCIPLE . THE REBEL RADIO VOICE FRENZIEDLY CALLED FOR THE " PEOPLE " TO POUR INTO THE STREETS " TO DESTROY THE REMNANTS OF THE KASSEM REGIME . " BETWEEN EXHORTATIONS, MARTIAL MUSIC FILLED THE AIR, ESPECIALLY SONGS EXTOLLING ARAB UNITY, AND ALAHU AKBAR (GOD IS GREAT), A FAVORITE HYMN OF EGYPT'S GAMAL ABDEL NASSER . THE SIX-MAN REBEL JUNTA THAT PLOTTED KASSEM'S OVERTHROW WAS APPARENTLY MADE UP OF CAPTAINS AND LIEUTENANTS, EXCEPT FOR ITS LEADER, EX-PARATROOP COLONEL ABDUL MUSTAFA . BUT THE MAN THEY PUT FORWARD AS THEIR FRONT MAN CAME AS A SHOCK TO KASSEM, FIGHTING FOR HIS LIFE INSIDE THE BATTERED DEFENSE MINISTRY . THE JUNTA NAMED AS ITS NEW REBEL HEAD OF STATE COLONEL ABDUL SALAM AREF, 41, LONG KASSEM'S CLOSEST FRIEND AND MOST LOYAL DISCIPLE, AND ALIVE ONLY BECAUSE KASSEM COMMUTED HIS 1959 DEATH SENTENCE . UNSHARED PRIZE . TO KASSEM THE COUP MUST HAVE SEEMED ONLY TOO FAMILIAR . IN THE SAME WAY BACK IN 1958, KASSEM SEIZED POWER BY RUTHLESSLY SLAUGHTERING KING FEISAL II AND HIS IRON-FISTED, PROWESTERN PREMIER, NURI AS-SAID, WHO WAS CAUGHT TRYING TO ESCAPE THE CITY DRESSED IN WOMEN'S CLOTHES . IN THOSE DAYS KASSEM WAS A BRIGADIER, WITH THE REPUTATION OF BEING THE KING'S MOST LOYAL SOLDIER . ACTUALLY, HE WAS LEADER OF A GROUP OF ARMY CONSPIRATORS INCLUDING MERCURIAL COLONEL ABDUL SALAM AREF, A PASSIONATE PRONASSERITE . AFTER THE YOUNG KING WAS SLAIN, KASSEM APPOINTED HIMSELF PREMIER,NAMED AREF AS HIS DEPUTY, AND PROCLAIMED HIS DEDICATION TO " IMPROVING THE LIVING STANDARDS OF OUR POPULATION AND SAVING THEM FROM LIVING IN SLUMS . TWO FRIENDS & BROTHERS EVEN THOUGH AREF DEVOTEDLY DECLARED, / I AM KASSEM'S SON, " AND BACHELOR KASSEM FONDLY CALLED AREF " MY SON, MY PUPIL, MY BROTHER, " THE TWO CHIEFS WERE SOON QUARRELING . HAVING BECOME MASTER OF IRAQ, KASSEM WAS IN NO MOOD TO SHARE THE PRIZE WITH AREF'S OTHER HERO, EGYPT'S NASSER . ORDERED INTO EXILE AS AMBASSADOR TO WEST GERMANY, AREF PULLED A GUN IN KASSEM'S PRESENCE BUT WAS DISARMED AND FINALLY CONDEMNED TO DEATH AS A TRAITOR . KASSEM CHANGED THE SENTENCE TO LIFE IMPRISONMENT AND IN 1961 SENTIMENTALLY AND IMPRUDENTLY SET AREF FREE . INSECURELY IN CONTROL, AND SUBJECT TO VITUPERATIVE ATTACKS FROM NASSER'S RADIO CAIRO, KASSEM EAGERLY ACCEPTED THE SUPPORT OF IRAQ'S WELL-ORGANIZED COMMUNIST PARTY, WANGLED $800 MILLION IN ARMS AND ECONOMIC AID FROM THE SOVIET BLOC, AND VOTED THE COMMUNIST LINE IN THE UNITED NATIONS . SPARTAN COT . KASSEM'S BRIEF REGIME READS LIKE A CASE HISTORY IN DANGEROUS LIVING . HE SAVAGELY PUT DOWN ONE ABORTIVE REVOLT, NARROWLY ESCAPED DEATH IN AN ASSASSINATION ATTEMPT IN WHICH HIS ARM AND HAND WERE SHATTERED BY BULLETS . UNDERSTANDABLY GUN-SHY, HE SPENT MOST OF HIS TIME INSIDE THE DEFENSE MINISTRY BUILDING, WHERE HE SLEPT ON A SPARTAN COT AND WATCHED SUSPICIOUSLY FOR TROUBLE . THERE WAS PLENTY OF THAT . HALF OF IRAQ'S ARMY WAS TIED DOWN BY A REBELLION OF THE KURDISH TRIBESMEN NORTH AND EAST OF MOSUL . KASSEM BEGAN TO GROW SUSPICIOUS OF IRAQ'S COMMUNISTS ; AFTER A SERIES OF RED-INSPIRED STRIKES, KASSEM JAILED HUNDREDS OF REDS AND CONDEMNED TO DEATH 28 COMMUNIST LEADERS . AND ALWAYS HE HAD TO FEAR DISAFFECTION IN HIS OWN ARMY . HE WAS PROMISING EVEN GREATER ARMY PURGES WHEN LAST WEEK THE REBELS STRUCK . AFTER MORE THAN TEN HOURS OF HARD FIGHTING, THE DEFENSE MINISTRY WAS IN RUINS AND KASSEM'S DISHEARTENED DEFENDERS SURRENDERED . KASSEM WAS ALIVE, BUT ONLY FOR A LITTLE WHILE . THE REBEL IRAQI RADIO ANNOUNCED THAT HE HAD BEEN " TRIED " ON THE SPOT, CONDEMNED AND, AT 90 MINUTES PAST NOON THE NEXT DAY, STOOD AGAINST A WALL AND EXECUTED . AT THE MOMENT (THOUGH VICTORIES ARE OFTEN PERISHABLE IN ARAB POLITICS), THE REVOLT SEEMED AN IMPRESSIVE TRIUMPH FOR EGYPT'S NASSER, EVEN IF HE HAD NO DIRECT HAND IN IT . IF SO, THERE WOULD BE TROUBLE FOR THE HARD-PRESSED KINGS OF JORDAN AND SAUDI ARABIA, AS WELL AS FOR THE BRITISHPROTECTED SHEIKS OF THE PERSIAN GULF . " KASSEM HAS GONE ; SOON KINGS SAUD AND HUSSEIN WILL GO TOO, " SAID A COMPLACENT EGYPTIAN IN CAIRO . BUT FIRST, NASSER'S SUPPORTERS WERE CONFIDENT THAT THE IRAQI COUP WOULD SET OFF A SUCCESSION OF UPRISINGS IN NEIGHBORING SYRIA, WHICH HAS ALREADY PUT DOWN TWO PRO-NASSER REVOLTS SINCE BREAKING OFF FROM EGYPT IN 1961 . 
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WEST GERMANY WAITING FOR THE CALL ECONOMICS MINISTER LUDWIG ERHARD, THAT PUDGY AND POPULAR FELLOW, HAS BEEN ITCHING TO GET HIS HANDS ON THE TOP JOB IN WEST GERMANY, AND CAN HARDLY WAIT FOR CHANCELLOR KONRAD ADENAUER TO RETIRE AS PROMISED NEXT FALL . HE HAS SHYLY NUDGED DER ALTE BEFORE, ONLY TO BE RAPPED HARSHLY ON THE KNUCKLES . LAST WEEK ERHARD PUFFED UP HIS CHEST AND TRIED AGAIN . TO A MUNICH NEWSPAPER, LUDWIG DECLARED HIS WILLINGNESS TO TAKE OVER RIGHT NOW . " I WOULD BE READY TO ACCEPT A CALL TO THE CHANCELLORSHIP IF MY PARTY AND THE BUNDESTAG SO DECIDED, " HE ANNOUNCED, CLEARLY HOPING THAT OTHERS FELT AS HE DID . AFTER ALL, MANY OF WEST GERMANY'S RESTIVE POLITICIANS HAD BEEN GRUMBLING OVER CHARLES DE GAULLE'S COURTSHIP OF DER ALTE, WONDERING WHETHER THE PRICE OF GERMANY'S NEW FRIENDSHIP TREATY WITH FRANCE WAS AN UNACCEPTABLE SUBSERVIENCE TO FRANCE, AND WHETHER IT REQUIRED SIDING WITH THE FRENCH AGAINST BOTH BRITAIN AND THE U.S . NO SUPPORT . BUT WHEN ERHARD SAT BACK TO LISTEN FOR THE EXPECTED CRIES OF SUPPORT, THERE WAS NOTHING BUT SILENCE . HE HAD OVERREACHED HIMSELF . AT THE FIRST CABINET MEETING AFTER ERHARD GAVE OUT HIS READINESS-TO-SERVE INTERVIEW, KONRAD ADENAUER SIMPLY SMILED AND AGREED WITH EVERY COMPLAINT POOR LUDWIG COULD THINK OF . WOULD THE CHANCELLOR FLATLY ENDORSE BRITAIN'S ENTRY INTO THE COMMON MARKET ? HE DEMANDED . OF COURSE, ADENAUER AGREED BLANDLY . WOULD ADENAUER DECLARE THAT NATO AND CLOSE RELATIONS WITH THE U.S . WERE THE BASIS OF BONN'S DIPLOMACY ? NATURALLY, SMILED DER ALTE . THEN CAME THE CLANGER . WOULD ADENAUER DISASSOCIATE HIMSELF FROM DE GAULLE'S IDEAS OF CREATING A THIRD FORCE BETWEEN EAST AND WEST ? SNAPPED DER ALTE : OF COURSE NOT, NO NEED FOR IT . DE GAULLE HAD NEVER EVEN DISCUSSED SUCH THOUGHTS WITH HIM ; BESIDES, WEST GERMANY IS OPPOSED TO SUCH A POLICY . RUNNING OUT OF STEAM AND QUESTIONS ERHARD LOOKED AROUND THE ROOM FOR SUPPORT FROM FOREIGN MINISTER GERHARD SCHRODER AND DEFENSE MINISTER KAI-UWE VON HASSEL . THEY, LIKE ERHARD, ARE PROBRITISH, AND LIKE ERHARD, HAVE GRAVE RESERVATIONS ABOUT ADENAUER'S COMRADESHIP WITH DE GAULLE . BUT NEITHER WAS PREPARED TO BRING DOWN THE GOVERNMENT ; SCHRODER FOUND A SUDDEN FASCINATION IN HIS THUMBNAILS ; VON HASSEL SHUFFLED PAPERS . NEGLECTED CONSCIENCE . NEXT DAY, AT A CAUCUS OF THE RULING CHRISTIAN DEMOCRATS AND THEIR ALLIES, ADENAUER CHIDED ERHARD MERCILESSLY FOR PRESUMING TO SEEK CONTROL OF THE GOVERNMENT . WHEN THE CABINET FINALLY VOTED ON ADENAUER'S DEMAND THAT THE FRANCO-GERMAN PACE BE RATIFIED IMMEDIATELY, ERHARD'S NEIN WAS OVERWHELMINGLY DEFEATED . FOR THE CHANCELLOR, THERE WAS NOW ONLY THE BUNDESTAG TO BE DEALT WITH . KONRAD ADENAUER, 87, HANDLED THE SITUATION WITH DEFT EASE . THE FRANCO-GERMAN TREATY " IS NOT A SUBSTITUTE FOR EUROPEAN INTEGRATION, " HE TOLD THE ASSEMBLED LEGISLATORS . " IT IS MERELY ONE OF THE ESSENTIAL PREREQUISITES . " AS A MATTER OF FACT, DECLARED DER ALTE, DE GAULLE " PROMISED ME THAT THE FIRST SUBJECT OF JOINT CONSULTATION AFTER THE TREATY GOES INTO EFFECT WILL BE BRITISH ENTRY " INTO THE COMMON MARKET . AS FOR THE ATLANTIC ALLIANCE, " EUROPE KNOWS THAT IT CANNOT DEFEND ITSELF WITHOUT THE SUPPORT OF THE UNITED STATES . I UNDERLINE AGAIN OUR REPEATEDLY EXPRESSED INTENTION OF ORGANIZING OUR DEFENSE IN THE FRAMEWORK OF NATO / LUDWIG ERHARD SAT SILENT THROUGHOUT ADENAUER'S PERFORMANCE, SHOWED NO EMOTION EVEN WHEN DER ALTE TURNED TO THE ECONOMIC MATTERS WHICH ARE ERHARD'S SPECIALITY AND SAID : " CHANCELLOR ERHARD WILL . . . I MEAN MINISTER ERHARD . . . " BOTH SIDES OF THE HOUSE DISSOLVED IN LAUGHTER AS ADENAUER PERMITTED HIMSELF A RARE GRIN . " MALICIOUS CRITICS WILL THINK I DID THAT ON PURPOSE, " HE SAID . " BUT I ASSURE YOU I DID NOT . WELL, MAYBE HAVING A LAUGH IN THE MIDDLE OF SUCH A BORING GOVERNMENT STATEMENT IS A GOOD THING . " AT WEEK'S END, ERHARD WAS RIGHT WHERE HE HAD ALWAYS BEEN, GROPING FOR THE TOP RUNG OF THE LADDER . AND KONRAD ADENAUER WAS IN HIS ACCUSTOMED PLACE ON TOP . 
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AUSTRALIA A FRIEND OF MISS X TO HIS AUSTRALIAN ACQUAINTANCES, SOVIET EMBASSY FIRST SECRETARY IVAN FEODOROVICH SKRIPOV SEEMED A LIKABLE SORT, AS SOVIET DIPLOMATS GO . HE WAS A GOOD TALKER, AN ENTHUSIASTIC PARTYGOER AND A BACK-SLAPPING PRACTICAL JOKER WHO OFTEN LACED HIS GUESTS' BEER WITH VODKA, GUFFAWING WHEN THEY CAUGHT ON . BUT AMIABLE IVAN WAS MORE THAN A SPOOFER . HE WAS ALSO A SPY . HIS ESCAPADES BEGAN EARLY IN 1961, WHEN HE MET A TRIM YOUNG WOMAN IDENTIFIED ONLY AS " MISS X " AT THE ZOO IN SYDNEY'S TARONGA PARK AND RECRUITED HER AS A SOVIET AGENT . SHE SEEMED WILLING, BUT TO TEST HER TRUSTWORTHINESS, HE CONDUCTED A COUPLE OF TESTS, FEEDING HER MONEY $592 IN ALL AND HANDING HER MINOR ASSIGNMENTS . ONCE SHE HAD TO PICK UP A SMALL CYLINDER CONCEALED IN A WATER METER ; ANOTHER TIME SHE FOUND ONE HIDDEN IN THE IRON RAILING OF A STAIRWAY . THE BLACK CROSS . SKRIPOV THEN SENT HER A LETTER WRITTEN IN INVISIBLE INK AND SIGNED " THERESA . / WITH CHEMICAL CAPSULES FURNISHED BY SKRIPOV, MISS X BROUGHT THE WRITING OUT, LEARNED THAT SHE WAS TO PICK UP A PARCEL CONCEALED UNDER A TOMBSTONE IN A CEMETERY, " THE THIRD FROM THE ONE WITH A BLACK CROSS WITH THE LETTERS IHS . " CONVINCED BY NOW THAT MISS X WAS TRUSTWORTHY, HE HANDED HER A BIG JOB . SHE WAS TO DELIVER A PAPER-WRAPPED PARCEL TO A MAN IN ADELAIDE WHO WOULD IDENTIFY HIMSELF WITH A PASSWORD . WHAT SKRIPOV DID NOT KNOW WAS THAT MISS X HAD BEEN WORKING FOR AUSTRALIAN INTELLIGENCE ALL ALONG, AND SHE SIMPLY TURNED THE PARCEL OVER TO GOVERNMENT AGENTS . INSIDE THEY FOUND CODED TRANSMISSION TIMETABLES FOR A SOVIET RADIO STATION, ALONG WITH A SMALL, HIGH-SPEED RADIO MESSAGE SENDER . AFTER WAITING TWO ANXIOUS MONTHS FOR MISS X TO CARRY OUT HER TASK, SKRIPOV LAST WEEK LEARNED WHAT HAD GONE WRONG . THE AUSTRALIAN GOVERNMENT SENT A NOTE TO THE EMBASSY ORDERING HIM OUT OF THE COUNTRY IN SEVEN DAYS FOR HAVING MADE " ELABORATE PREPARATIONS FOR ESPIONAGE . / AUSTRALIAN OFFICIALS WOULD NOT SAY WHAT SECRETS SKRIPOV HAD BEEN SEEKING, BUT LAST WEEK THOUSANDS OF WORKERS AT THE BIG WOOMERA MISSILE RANGE SOME 750 MILES FROM CANBERRA WERE UNDERGOING INTERROGATION . LOVABLE DIPLOMAT . AUSTRALIA'S SWIFT EXPULSION OF SKRIPOV IS UNDERSTANDABLE . IN 1954, MVD COLONEL VLADIMIR PETROV, WHO ALSO HAD BEEN POSING AS A LOVABLE DIPLOMAT, DEFECTED TO THE WEST WITH AN ARMFUL OF SECRET DOCUMENTS THAT DESCRIBED WIDESPREAD SOVIET SNOOPING OPERATIONS DOWN UNDER . CAUGHT RED-HANDED, THE RUSSIANS BROKE OFF DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS, DID NOT REOPEN THEIR CANBERRA EMBASSY FOR FIVE YEARS . THIS TIME, AUSTRALIA HAD EQUALLY CONVINCING PROOF 25 PHOTOS TAKEN OF SKRIPOV'S MEETINGS WITH MISS X . FOR THE MOMENT, THERE WAS NO TALK OF A NEW BREAK-OFF IN RELATIONS . MOSCOW PRUDENTLY ANNOUNCED THAT SKRIPOV'S BOSS, AMBASSADOR IVAN F . KURDIUJOV, HOME ON SICK LEAVE, WOULD NOT BE RETURNING TO AUSTRALIA . 
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GREAT BRITAIN WOOING THE MIDDLE CLASS WHEN 244 LABOR MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT VOTED SECRETLY LAST WEEK TO NAME A NEW LABOR PARTY LEADER, THEY DID SO FOR THE FIRST TIME IN ELEVEN YEARS WITH SOME CONFIDENCE THAT THEY MIGHT ALSO BE PICKING BRITAIN'S NEXT PRIME MINISTER . THE PROSPECT SEEMED TO HAVE INFLUENCED THE VOTING CONSIDERABLY . IN THE FIRST ROUND OF ELECTING A SUCCESSOR TO THE LATE HUGH GAITSKELL, HAROLD WILSON, 46, LAST WEEK WON AN UNEXPECTEDLY HANDSOME LEAD OVER HIS TWO OPPONENTS . HE GOT 115 VOTES ; GAITSKELL'S DEPUTY, ACTING LEADER GEORGE BROWN, AN EARLY FAVORITE, GOT 88 ; AND A THIRD CANDIDATE, JAMES CALLAGHAN, WHO WAS AUTOMATICALLY ELIMINATED, GOT 41 . ONLY EIGHT VOTES SHORT OF THE OUTRIGHT MAJORITY NEEDED FOR VICTORY ON THE FIRST BALLOT, WILSON BECAME AN ODDS-ON FAVORITE TO DEFEAT BROWN IN THIS WEEK'S RUNOFF . IN VOTING FOR PORTLY, PIPE-PUFFING WILSON, A ONETIME OXFORD DON WHO DRAWS MOST OF HIS SUPPORT FROM THE LEFT AND WAS ONE OF HUGH GAITSKELL'S ARCHRIVALS, LABOR M.P.S APPARENTLY HAD IN MIND NOT HIS RUTHLESS OPPORTUNISM BUT THE FACT THAT HE, LIKE GAITSKELL, IS A MIDDLE-CLASS INTELLECTUAL . BY CONTRAST WITH EARTHY GEORGE BROWN, A BLUNT, DILIGENT ANTI-COMMUNIST WITH STRONG UNION SUPPORT, MANY LABORITES BELIEVE THAT HAROLD WILSON WILL HAVE MORE APPEAL FOR MIDDLE-CLASS VOTERS, WHO HAVE BECOME INCREASINGLY DISENCHANTED WITH PRIME MINISTER HAROLD MACMILLAN . AN EFFECTIVE PRESIDENT OF THE BOARD OF TRADE FOR 3F YEARS IN THE LAST LABOR GOVERNMENT, WILSON, AT 31, WAS THE YOUNGEST CABINET MINISTER APPOINTED IN 165 YEARS . 
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BREAT BRITAIN AN L OF A DRIVER GETTING A DRIVER'S LICENSE IN BRITAIN IS AN L OF A JOB . TYRO MOTORISTS ARE FORCED BY LAW TO HANG A LEARNER'S " L " ON THEIR CAR, ARE THUS THE OBJECT OF GIBES AND SNEERS FROM EVERY HOT-RODDER AND TRUCK DRIVER ON THE ROAD . NONE OF THIS FAZED MARGARET HUNTER, A SPINSTER SCHOOLTEACHER FROM CHESHIRE WHO AT 65 FINALLY DECIDED THAT IT WAS TIME FOR HER TO GET HER LICENSE . THINKING THAT HER NEXT TEACHING JOB MIGHT BE IN THE COUNTRY FAR FROM PUBLIC TRANSPORT, MISS HUNTER BOUGHT A SNAPPY LITTLE RED FIAT, SIGNED ON WITH A DRIVING SCHOOL, AND HUNG OUT HER L . AFTER ONLY 40 LESSONS, SHE WAS READY FOR A TRIAL SPIN . BUT HER JOLTING STOPS AND STARTS SO TERRIFIED HER INSTRUCTOR THAT HE GOT OUT OF THE CAR, REMARKING : " THIS IS LUNACY ; IT'S SUICIDE . I'M NOT GOING ANOTHER INCH WITH YOU . I'VE HAD ENOUGH . " UNDETERRED,PLUCKY MISS HUNTER HAD ANOTHER GO TWO DAYS LATER, SIDESWIPED A FIVE-TON TRUCK AND DEMOLISHED HER CAR . " THE GARAGE TOLD ME IT'S A WRITE-OFF, " SHE SAID SWEETLY . WHEN MISS HUNTER SHOWED UP FOR HER TEST, SHE WAS TAILED BY A PLATOON OF REPORTERS AND PHOTOGRAPHERS . CLIMBING INTO HER TEST CAR, SHE STALLED SEVEN TIMES, AT LAST PUT-PUTTED OFF AT 15 M.P.H., MADE A QUICK RIGHT TURN, NEARLY CRASHING INTO A VAN, STALLED AT A STOP STREET, BACKED OVER A SIDEWALK WHILE MAKING A TURN, SAILED THROUGH A RED LIGHT, FLICKED ON HER LEFTTURN INDICATOR AT AN INTERSECTION AND THEN DROVE STRAIGHT ACROSS, FINALLY PARKED AT THE TEST CENTER THREE FEET FROM THE CURB . SO SURE WAS MISS HUNTER OF HER INNOCENCE THAT SHE REFUSED TO HEED COURT SUMMONSES TO ANSWER FOR HER HIGHWAY MISDEEDS . A POLICEWOMAN FINALLY HAD TO CLIMB THROUGH HER APARTMENT WINDOW TO ARREST HER . IN COURT LAST WEEK, MISS HUNTER DECLINED TO ENTER A PLEA, SAID : " I DON'T THINK THE QUESTION OF GUILT ENTERS INTO IT . " THE COURT THOUGHT OTHERWISE, FINED HER A TOTAL OF $55.44 . 
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RUSSIA IT STARTED WITH STAMPS BERLIN'S UGLY WALL IS NOT THE ONLY BARRIER THAT COMMUNISM'S INMATES TRY TO BREACH . SOVIET AUTHORITIES ARE CONCERNED AT THE INCREASING NUMBER OF SOVIET YOUTHS TRYING TO SNEAK ILLEGALLY OUT OF RUSSIA ITSELF . RECENTLY TWO YOUNG RUSSIANS TRIED TO LEAVE THE COUNTRY BY SWIMMING OUT TO A FOREIGN TANKER IN THE BLACK SEA PORT OF BATUM ; THEY WERE PICKED UP BY A SOVIET HARBOR PATROL BOAT . ONE WAS SENTENCED TO SIX YEARS IN PRISON, THE OTHER TO TEN . ONE OF THE MEN, SAID SOVIET OFFICIALS, HAD BEEN INFLUENCED BY MODERN, WESTERN-STYLE POETRY " BAD VERSE THAT HAD BEEN REJECTED BY ALL EDITORIAL OFFICES . " IZVESTIA, WHICH OCCASIONALLY PRINTS REVEALING NEWS FOR ITS CAUTIONARY EFFECT, LAST WEEK TOLD THE STORY OF A DEFECTOR NAMED ALEKSANDR ( " SASHA " ) MIRILENKO . SASHA WAS THE 18-YEAR-OLD SON OF A UKRAINIAN CULTURAL WORKER AND HIS TEACHER WIFE, BOTH COMMUNISTS . ALWAYS DAYDREAMING ABOUT LIFE OUTSIDE RUSSIA, SASHA STARTED COLLECTING FOREIGN STAMPS AND WRITING TO COLLECTORS IN OTHER COUNTRIES . AS HIS PEN PALS BEGAN TELLING HIM ABOUT THE GOOD THINGS ON THE OTHER SIDE OF THE IRON CURTAIN, SASHA'S ALLEGIANCE TO THE YOUNG COMMUNIST LEAGUE BEGAN TO FALTER . HE WENT TO THE BLACK SEA RESORT OF YALTA, WHERE HE BUTTONHOLED FOREIGN TOURISTS FOR MORE INFORMATION AND BEGGED FOR FOUNTAIN PENS AND CIGARETTE LIGHTERS . SOON SASHA WAS FED UP WITH HIS HOMELAND . FROM HIS TECHNICAL SCHOOL HE STOLE 35 RUBLES, SOME STAMPS, AND A PAIR OF WIRE-CUTTERS, HEADED FOR THE FRONTIER BETWEEN RUSSIA AND TURKEY . HE GOT WITHIN A FEW YARDS OF HIS GOAL . ONE NIGHT LAST NOVEMBER, AS SASHA TRIED TO CLIP HIS WAY THROUGH THE BARBED-WIRE FRONTIER FENCE, A FLARE SHOT INTO THE SKY, ALARM BELLS BEGAN TO JANGLE, AND BORDER GUARDS GRABBED SASHA . MORALIZED IZVESTIA : " THIS CHARACTER, A QUITE EXCEPTIONAL PHENOMENON IN OUR COUNTRY, HAS BECOME A RENEGADE, BETRAYED HIS FRIENDS, PARENTS AND COUNTRY . LET HIM ANSWER BEFORE SOVIET JUSTICE . / 
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MALAYSIA BIRTH PAINS THE SUSPECTS NEVER SLEPT IN THE SAME HOUSE ON SUCCESSIVE NIGHTS . MANY HAD THEIR PHOTOS IN AN " ARREST ON SIGHT " MUG FILE AT POLICE HEADQUARTERS . TO AVOID DETECTION ON SINGAPORE'S TEEMING STREETS, THEY SPENT MUCH OF THEIR TIME IN LATENIGHT MOVIE HOUSES . BUT LAST WEEK THE DRAGNET WAS OUT . SWEEPING THROUGH THE ISLAND STATE, GOVERNMENT SECURITY POLICE ROUNDED UP 115 PRO-COMMUNIST SUBVERSIVES AND LABOR AGITATORS OPPOSED TO SINGAPORE'S INCLUSION, WITH MALAYA AND BRITAIN'S BORNEO DEPENDENCIES OF SARAWAK, BRUNEI AND NORTH BORNEO, IN A PROPOSED MALAYSIAN FEDERATION OF 10 MILLION PEOPLE . AS MALAYSIA'S BIRTH DATE DRAWS NEARER, INDONESIA'S PRESIDENT SUKARNO IS DOING ALL HE CAN TO PREVENT IT . HIS GOVERNMENT CONTINUALLY BLUSTERS ABOUT INTERVENING MILITARILY IN BRITISH BORNEO . AUTHORITIES IN SINGAPORE FEARED THAT LOCAL COMMUNISTS MIGHT TRY TO SABOTAGE BRITISH BASES ON THE ISLAND IN ORDER TO HAMPER BRITISH RETALIATION IN BORNEO . SUKARNO IS ALSO MAKING MUSCLES AGAINST MALAYA, WHICH WOULD BE THE DOMINANT STATE IN THE NEW FEDERATION . DJAKARTA HAS EXCLUDED MALAYAN FISHERMEN FROM THEIR TRADITIONAL FISHING GROUNDS OFF THE COAST OF SUMATRA . AN INDONESIAN GUNBOAT RECENTLY SANK A FULLY LADEN RUBBER BARGE INSIDE MALAYAN TERRITORIAL WATERS . INDONESIA KNOWS THAT A PRO-WESTERN, ANTI-COMMUNIST FEDERATION WOULD PUT A SERIOUS CRIMP IN SUKARNO'S AMBITION TO ABSORB OIL-RICH BRUNEI AND ITS TWO NEIGHBORS . HE ALSO IS ANXIOUS AS USUAL FOR AN ISSUE TO DEFLECT MOUNTING PUBLIC CRITICISM OVER INDONESIA'S GROWING ECONOMIC CRISIS . FEARING THAT SUKARNO IS ITCHING TO START SOMETHING, MALAYA'S PRIME MINISTER TUNKU (PRINCE) ABDUL RAHMAN APPEALED TO LONDON FOR REINFORCEMENTS . THE BRITISH OBLIGINGLY PUT 2,000 CRACK TROOPS ON A 72-HOUR ALERT TO REINFORCE ITS SOUTHEAST ASIA FORCES, BECAUSE OF " THE POSSIBILITY OF OUTSIDE INTERFERENCE . " THE PHILIPPINES ARE ALSO COVETOUS OF NORTH BORNEO . AT A MEETING IN LONDON, THE PHILIPPINES MAINTAINED THAT IN 1878 THE FILIPINO SULTAN OF SULU HAD ONLY " LEASED " NORTH BORNEO TO THE BRITISH AND THAT THE LAND ACTUALLY STILL BELONGED TO THE FILIPINO GOVERNMENT . BEHIND THE CLAIM IS THE FEAR THAT MALAYSIA WOULD NOT BE ABLE TO PREVENT LEFTISTS IN THE FEDERATION AND IN INDONESIA FROM MAKING NORTH BORNEO A COMMUNIST ENCLAVE HARD BY THE PHILIPPINES' OUTER ISLANDS . THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT, WHICH IS ARDENTLY BEHIND MALAY'S PLANS FOR MALAYSIA, STIFFLY REJECTED THE PHILIPPINE CLAIM, GAVE NOTICE THAT IT WOULD PUSH FOR THE FINAL CREATION OF THE NEW NATION BY AUG . 31 . 
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ITALY PALACE FOR SALE " SENSATIONAL BUY IN ROME ! " CRIED THE QUARTER-PAGE AD IN ROME'S DAILY AMERICAN . " TREVI PALACE FOR SALE . " UNDER A PICTURE OF THE FOUNTAIN OF TREVI (WHICH WAS NOT ON SALE) WERE SPELLED OUT THE PALACE'S MORE OBVIOUS ASSETS : " INVALUABLE PUBLICITY, CENTRAL HEATING, PLENTY OF WATER . " THE ITALIAN PRESS WAS OUTRAGED . " WHY NOT ST . PETER'S BASILICA ! " SNAPPED THE PAESE SERA . GRUMBLED IL GIORNALE D'ITALIA : " IT'S LIKE PUTTING THE EIFFEL TOWER UP FOR AUCTION . " ROMANS CONJURED UP TERRIBLE VISIONS OF NEON SIGNS WINKING OVER THE COLOSSAL MARBLE STATUES OF NEPTUNE AND HIS TRITONS . FOR 69 YEARS, THE PALACE WAS OCCUPIED BY ROME'S VITAL STATISTICS BUREAU . THEN TWO BUILDERS, MARIO TUDINI AND ACHILLE TALENTI, GOT THE PALACE IN 1939 IN PAYMENT FOR A CONSTRUCTION JOB . THEY HAVEN'T BEEN ABLE TO DO A THING WITH IT . " FOR MOST OF 24 YEARS, THIS BUILDING HAS STOOD EMPTY, / SAID TUDINI . " IT'S MAGNIFICENT, BUT AS AN INVESTMENT IT HAS BEEN A POOR DEAL . I DON'T CARE WHAT THEY SAY ; WE'RE GOING TO SELL . " PRICE ? ABOUT $2,000,000 . BUYERS ? " BANKERS, MOVIEMAKERS, HOTEL OWNERS, ANYBODY . " THE PALACE ITSELF, PROPERLY KNOWN AS THE PALAZZO POLI, HOLDS NO ART TREASURES ; BUT ITS SOUTH SIDE FORMS A BACKDROP FOR TREVI FOUNTAIN, CONCEIVED IN 1630 BY ARCHITECT GIOVANNI BERNINI, AND BUILT MORE THAN 100 YEARS LATER, CHIEFLY BY NICOLA SALVI . HOLLYWOOD ADDED TO THE FOUNTAIN'S FAME WITH ITS THREE COINS IN THE FOUNTAIN, AND ROME'S MOIVIEMAKERS DID THEIR BIT BY DUNKING ANITA EKBERG IN ITS GREAT MARBLE BASIN FOR A HIGHVOLTAGE, LOW-DECOLLETAGE SCENE IN LA DOLCE VITA . IN THE END, THE ITALIAN GOVERNMENT TOOK A HAND . TUDINI AND TALENTI CAN STILL SELL THE PALACE, BUT IF THE GOVERNMENT CONSIDERS THE BUYER UNSUITABLE, IT HAS 60 DAYS TO MATCH THE PRICE AND RETAIN CONTROL OF WHAT THE OFFICIAL STATEMENT CALLED " ONE OF THE MOST SIGNIFICANT EXPRESSIONS OF THE ROMAN BAROQUE PERIOD . " AND NO MATTER WHO GETS THE PALACE THE CITY OF ROME WILL KEEP THE COINS THAT TRAVELERS TOSS OVER THEIR SHOULDERS INTO THE FOUNTAIN TO ASSURE THEMSELVES OF A RETURN TRIP 
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KASHMIR AS PRICKLY AS CACTUS AS THE THIRD ROUND OF THE KASHMIR TALKS BEGAN IN KARACHI LAST WEEK, A CACTUS PLANT WAS PROMINENTLY PLACED ON THE NEGOTIATING TABLE IN FRONT OF INDIA'S CHIEF NEGOTIATOR SARDAR SWARAN SINGH AN APT SYMBOL OF JUST HOW PRICKLY THE DISPUTE BETWEEN INDIA AND PAKISTAN STILL REMAINS . YET BY THE END OF THE DAY, THE FIRST FAINT GLIMMER OF COMPROMISE WAS VISIBLE . IN A SHARP DEPARTURE FROM ITS PREVIOUS INFLEXIBLE STAND, INDIA INDICATED THAT IT WOULD BE WILLING TO PARTITION KASHMIR ALONG A BOUNDARY OTHER THAN THE CURRENT U.N . CEASE-FIRE LINE, WHICH NOW GIVES INDIA TWO-THIRDS OF THE PROVINCE, INCLUDING ALL OF THE RICH VALE OF KASHMIR . THE NEW INDIAN PROPOSAL CALLED FOR INDIA TO KEEP LADAKH, PART OF WHICH IS CURRENTLY OCCUPIED BY RED CHINA, MOST OF THE PREDOMINANTLY HINDU AREA OF JAMMU, AND ONE-HALF OF THE VALE, INCLUDING THE PROVINCE'S CAPITAL OF SRINIGAR . PAKISTAN WOULD GET THE REST OF THE PROVINCE, PLUS RIGHTS OF FREE ACCESS FOR ALL ITS CITIZENS TO THE INDIAN PARTS OF THE PROVINCE . THOUGH PAKISTAN STILL SAYS IT WANTS ALL OF KASHMIR, IT HAS SIDETRACKED ITS DEMAND FOR A PLEBISCITE OVER THE WHOLE AREA, WHICH IS 77 PER CENT MOSLEM . THE PROSPECT IS FOR ANOTHER ROUND OF NEGOTIATIONS IN APRIL THIS TIME IN NEW DELHI . 
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JAPAN NOOSE OR PNEUMONIA ?, ONE DAY IN 1948, A WELL DRESSED MIDDLE AGED MAN WALKED INTO A BRANCH OF TOKYO'S TEIKOKU BANK WEARING THE ARMBAND OF A MUNICIPAL OFFICIAL . CLAIMING THAT HE WAS A CITY HEALTH INSPECTOR, THE MAN ORDERED THE BANK MANAGER TO SUMMON ALL HIS EMPLOYEES SO THAT HE COULD GIVE THEM A DOSE OF ANTI-DYSENTERY MEDICINE . THE EMPLOYEES GULPED THE POTION, THEN COLLAPSED IN AGONY . FROM THE OPEN VAULTS, THE MEDICINE MAN GRABBED ABOUT $185 IN CASH AND DISAPPEARED INTO THE STREET . BEHIND HIM, TWELVE PEOPLE LAY DEAD OF CYANIDE POISONING . THEN BEGAN THE HUNT . FROM WITNESSES, ARTISTS DREW A COMPOSITE PICTURE OF THE ROBBER . EIGHT MONTH AFTER THE ROBBERY, POLICE FINALLY NABBED A PRIME SUSPECT : A 57-YEAR-OLD PROFESSIONAL PAINTER NAMED SADAMICHI HIRASAWA . HIRASAWA FIRST ADMITTED HIS GUILT, THEN RETRACTED THE CONFESSION . HE WAS TRIED, CONVICTED, AND SENTENCED TO HANG . TWO OUT OF 40 . LAST WEEK, EIGHT YEARS AFTER HIS LAST APPEAL WAS DENIED, HIRASAWA, NOW 72, WAS STILL IN JAIL UNDER A DEATH SENTENCE JAPANESE ARTISTS, WRITERS AND INTELLECTUALS HAVE RALLIED TO HIS SUPPORT AND LAWYERS HAVE PROTESTED AGAINST THE SEVERITY OF THE SENTENCE . " IT SEEMS TO ME, " SAYS ONE FORMER TOKYO MAGISTRATE, " THAT THE EVIDENCE WAS PRETTY FLIMSY . " THE JUDGE MIGHT HAVE A POINT . HIRASAWA INSISTED THAT THE REPUDIATED CONFESSION WAS EXTRACTED FROM HIM BY TORTURE IN A BRUTAL NONSTOP INTERROGATION . LATER, THE PAINTER'S TWO SONS-IN-LAW CLAIMED THAT HE WAS PLAYING CARDS WITH THEM AT THE TIME OF THE ROBBERY . ONLY TWO OF THE 40 EYEWITNESSES OF THE CRIME POSITIVELY IDENTIFIED HIRASAWA AS THE ROBBER AND BOTH WERE INCREASINGLY UNSURE AS THE TRIAL WORE ON . THE ONLY CLUE POINTING TO HIRASAWA WAS THE CALLING CARD OF THE SUPPOSED HEALTH INSPECTOR, WHICH THE ROBBER HAD LEFT BEHIND IN THE BANK ; HANDWRITING EXPERTS DETERMINED THAT THE WRITING ON THE BACK OF THE CARD WAS HIRASAWA'S . THE PAINTER NEVER DENIED THAT HE ONCE HAD THE CARD, BUT CLAIMED THAT IT HAD BEEN STOLEN FROM HIM WHEN HIS WALLET WAS PICKPOCKETED SHORTLY BEFORE THE ROBBERY . PAINTING IN THE DEATH HOUSE THREE JAPANESE APPELLATE COURTS HAVE UPHELD THE ORIGINAL VERDICT, BUT THE RAPID TURNOVER OF JUSTICE MINISTERS IN TEN CABINET RESHUFFLES SINCE 1955 HAS HELPED KEEP HIRASAWA ALIVE . " IF THEIR HEARTS WERE IN IT, THEY COULD HAVE READ THE RECORD AND SIGNED THE DEATH WARRANT LONG AGO, SAYS ONE FORMER JAPANESE JUDGE . BUT THEY WERE AFRAID, AND I WOULD BE, TOO . " HIRASAWA HAS APPLIED FOR A NEW TRIAL, BUT HIS APPLICATION HAS NO LEGAL STAYING FORCE ON THE ORDER OF EXECUTION . TO FOCUS ATTENTION ON HIS CASE, HIRASAWA'S SUPPORTERS ARRANGED FOR AN EXHIBITION OF 50 OF THE 480 TEMPERA PAINTINGS THAT HE HAS TURNED OUT IN HIS 15 YEARS IN THE DEATH HOUSE . HIRASAWA'S BACKERS HAVE ALSO CIRCULATED COPIES OF THE ORIGINAL COMPOSITE NEWSPAPER DRAWING OF THE ROBBER IN HOPES OF TURNING UP NEW SUSPECTS . LAST NOVEMBER STATE OFFICIALS MOVED THE PAINTER FROM TOKYO PRISON TO REMOTE, UNHEATED MIYAGI DETENTION HOUSE IN NORTHERN JAPAN WHERE ALL JAPANESE EXECUTIONS ARE CARRIED OUT . " HE WAS MOVED UP THERE TO DIE, BUT NOT BY HANGING, / SAYS ONE OF HIS SUPPORTERS . " THE GOVERNMENT HOPES HE'LL DIE UP THERE FASTER OF NATURAL CAUSES, BECAUSE MIYAGI IS COLD AND UNHEALTHY . THAT WAY, THEY CAN KEEP HIS BLOOD OFF THEIR HANDS OFFICIALLY . 
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MOROCCO WARRIOR'S REST IN THE 1920S, ABD EL KRIM WAS A GLAMOROUS NAME ON THE WORLD'S FRONT PAGES . A SMALLISH, DARK-SKINNED MAN WITH GENTLE EYES AND A FRINGELIKE BEARD, HE LED HIS RIFF TRIBESMEN IN THE LAST ROMANTIC WAR OF THIS CENTURY . IN THE U.S., THE VISION OF KRIM'S SNOW-WHITE TURBAN, FLOWING DJELLABAH AND SPIRITED ARABIAN STEED WAS PUT TO MUSIC BY SIGMUND ROMBERG IN BROADWAY'S THE DESERT SONG . IN NORTH AFRICA, HIS TENACIOUS STRUGGLE AGAINST THE ARMIES OF FRANCE AND SPAIN SENT A THROB OF NATIONALISM THROUGH THE ARAB WORLD . CLOSED CAVE . BORN IN THE RIFF MOUNTAINS OF NORTHERN MOROCCO, EDUCATED AT A SPANISH SCHOOL IN MELILLA, A QUIET EMPLOYEE OF THE SPANISH MOROCCAN ADMINISTRATION UNTIL HE WAS 38, KRIM BECAME A REBEL WHEN THE SPANISH BROKE THE PEACE WITH THE RIFF TRIBESMEN BY SEIZING THE HOLY CITY OF XAUEN . IN THE SUBSEQUENT FIGHTING, KRIM WAS CAPTURED AND HIS FATHER KILLED . ESCAPING FROM THE SPANISH PRISON IN MELILLA KRIM BROKE HIS LEG AND EVER AFTER WALKED WITH A PRONOUNCED LIMP . GAINING THE SAFETY OF THE MOUNTAINS, HE RALLIED THE RIFFS FOR A JIHAD AGAINST SPAIN AND IN 1921 WON AN EXTRAORDINARY VICTORY AT ANOUAL, CAPTURING A SPANISH GENERAL AND 20,000 SOLDIERS MOST OF WHOM WERE BUTCHERED ON THE SPOT . IN THE NEXT FOUR YEARS, KRIM REPEATEDLY WHIPPED THE SPANIARDS AND NEARLY DROVE THEM INTO THE SEA . WHEN KRIM DECLARED THE INDEPENDENCE OF THE RIFF AND NAMED HIMSELF SULTAN, SPAIN SET UP A PUPPET RULER OF ITS OWN, THE REDOUBTABLE MOROCCAN BANDIT RAISULI.* KRIM PROMPTLY SCATTERED ANOTHER SPANISH ARMY, SEIZED RAISULI AND SHUT HIM UP IN A CAVE WITH HIS HAREM UNTIL HE DIED . ARROGANT IN VICTORY, KRIM NEXT CHALLENGED THE FRENCH AND WAS FINALLY OVERWHELMED BY A COMBINED FRANCO-SPANISH ARMY OF 300,000 MEN LED BY MARSHAL HENRI PETAIN, WHICH BLASTED HIS MOUNTAIN STRONGHOLDS WITH ARTILLERY AND BOMBS UNTIL KRIM AT LAST SURRENDERED IN MAY 1926 . THE SPANISH ARMY, ONE OF WHOSE OFFICERS WAS GENERALISSIMO FRANCISCO FRANCO, WANTED KRIM EXECUTED, BUT THE FRENCH MOR GALLANTLY SHIPPED HIM OFF TO EXILE ON REUNION ISLAND IN THE INDIAN OCEAN . THERE, CONSOLED BY HIS TWO FAVORITE WIVES AND A MONTHLY PENSION . KRIM LANGUISHED FOR 21 YEARS . IN 1947 FRANCE RELENTED AND LET KRIM BOARD A SHIP FOR THE RIVIERA, WHERE HE WOULD BE UNDER HOUSE ARREST . THE 65-YEAR-OLD REBEL JUMPED SHIP AS IT WAS PASSING THROUGH THE SUEZ CANAL, AND WAS GRANTED POLITICAL ASYLUM IN EGYPT . SPURNED FORTUNE . IN CAIRO, UNDER NASSER'S PROTECTION, KRIM WORKED WITH OTHER NORTH AFRICAN EXILES FOR THE INDEPENDENCE OF TUNISIA, ALGERIA AND MOROCCO . BUT HE WAS DISGUSTED BY THE TERMS ON WHICH FREEDOM WAS WON ; HE CLAIMED THEY WERE TOO FAVORABLE TO FRANCE . HIS FRANCOPHOBIA DEEPENED WITH THE YEARS, AND IN 1957 HE WARNED THE U.S . AGAINST RELYING ON FRANCE TO DEFEND EUROPE, ADDING QUERULOUSLY : " I DON'T KNOW WHY THE WORLD DOESN'T CATCH ON TO THOSE FRENCH THEY'RE STUPID, WEAK, STUBBORN AND SELFISH . " AFTER MOROCCO WON ITS INDEPENDENCE, KING MOHAMMED V TRIED TO PLACATE THE OLD EXILE AND PERSUADE HIM TO RETURN HOME . HE SENT DONATION OF $14,000, BUT KRIM REFUSED THE MONEY AND THREW AWAY THE ROYAL LETTER BECAUSE IT ADDRESSED HIM AS A PLAIN SUBJECT, NOT A PRINCE IN RECENT YEARS ABD EL KRIM HAS BEEN CONFINED TO HIS HOME IN A CAIRO SUBURB, SUFFERING FROM RHEUMATISM, FAILING SIGHT AND HEART DISEASE, AND LISTENING GRUMPILY TO NEWS BROADCASTS OF A NEW WORLD HE DISAPPROVED OF . LAST WEEK, AT 81, THE LION OF MOROCCO AND SURVIVOR OF 200 BATTLES DIED QUIETLY IN BED OF A HEART ATTACK, LEAVING BEHIND ONE WIDOW, ELEVEN CHILDREN, AND A HOMELAND SADDENED BECAUSE HIS BONES WERE LAID TO REST IN A GRAVEYARD IN ALIEN EGYPT WHO YEARS EARLIER HAD EARNED HIS FOOTNOTE IN HISTORY . HE KIDNAPED A U.S . CITIZEN NAMED PERDICARIS IN MAY 1904 AND HELD HIM FOR RANSOM, THUS TOUCHING OFF PRESIDENT THEODORE ROOSEVELT'S RINGING ULTIMATUM A MONTH LATER TO THE SULTAN OF MOROCCO : " PERDICARIS ALIVE OR DEAD ! 
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CENTRAL AFRICA TROUBLE BREWING CUSTOMS AGENTS AND SPECIAL BRANCH DETECTIVES CHARGED WITH SAFEGUARDING THE BORDERS OF THE SPRAWLING RHODESIAN FEDERATION HAVE BEEN RUN RAGGED LATELY . IN THE NORTH, THERE IS A STEADY TRAFFIC OF WHITE MERCENARIES AND AFRICAN SOLDIERS FROM THE ROUTED KATANGESE ARMY, WHO SLIP ACROSS THE CONGO LINE TO PEDDLE THEIR WEAPONS TO EAGER WHITE AND BLACK RHODESIANS WHO MAY ONE DAY USE THEM ON EACH OTHER . IN THE EAST, SMUGGLERS FROM THE PORTUGUESE COLONY OF MOZAMBIQUE MAKE THEIR WAY THROUGH THE WILD, MOUNTAINOUS BUSH TO BRING IN DAGGA WEED (MARIJUANA) AND TAKE OUT GOLD STOLEN BY WORKMEN IN RHODESIAN MINES . LAST WEEK THE HARRIED BORDER GUARDS HAD A NEW CHORE : TO PREVENT THE SMUGGLING OF HOPS INTO SOUTHERN RHODESIA . AT BEITBRIDGE, ON THE LIMPOPO RIVER, A CUSTOMS OFFICER DUTIFULLY SEARCHED THE LUGGAGE OF A VACATIONER RETURNING FROM SOUTH AFRICA, THEN WHISPERED, " MAN, WHAT DOES A HOP LOOK LIKE ? NO ONE HERE HAS EVER SEEN ONE ! " THE HOP CRISIS RESULTS FROM A $28 DUTY ON EVERY POUND OF IMPORTED HOPS IMPOSED BY THE GOVERNMENT OF SIR ROY WELENSKY BECAUSE TAX REVENUE FROM COMMERCIAL BEER HAS NOT BEEN UP TO EXPECTATIONS . " THIS IS DUE TO THE SPREAD OF HOME BREWING, " COMPLAINED THE GOVERNMENT . HOME BREWERS ARE GENERALLY RESPECTABLE CITIZENS, RANGING FROM RAILROAD ENGINEERS AND CIVIL SERVANTS TO BANK CLERKS AND GARAGE MECHANICS MEN WHO FIND COMMERCIAL BEER TOO EXTRAVAGANT FOR THEIR BUDGETS . THE NEW DUTY WOULD MAKE HOME BREW TWICE AS COSTLY AS THE COMMERCIAL STUFF . QUICKLY FORMING A PRESSURE GROUP GRANDLY NAMED THE AMATEUR BREWERS & VINTNERS ASSOCIATION, SOME 300 DO-IT-YOURSELF BRAUMEISTERS FIRED OFF A PROTEST TO WELENSKY, POINTING OUT THAT HOME BREWING " HAS TAKEN PLACE IN THE UNITED KINGDOM FOR CENTURIES, AND AS THE BRITISH EMIGRATED TO THE COLONIES, THIS TRADITION HAS BEEN ACCEPTED AS THE BIRTHRIGHT OF THE ORDINARY MAN BY EVERY GOVERNMENT OF THE COMMONWEALTH . 
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THE CONGO VANISHING FRIENDS INTO THE GLASS-ENCLOSED WINTER GARDEN OF HIS PINK PALACE STRODE KATANGA'S SECESSIONIST MOISE TSHOMBE WITH AN IMPORTANT ANNOUNCEMENT . " I AM PLEASED TO HAVE ENDED MY WORK AND HAVE DONE MY DUTY, " TSHOMBE TOLD NEWSMEN, AND NOW HE WOULD BE LEAVING FOR NORTHERN RHODESIA TO TAKE CARE OF A TROUBLESOME EYE AILMENT . HOW LONG WOULD HE BE GONE ? " THE DOCTORS WILL DECIDE THAT, " SAID TSHOMBE, BUT ELISABETHVILLE HUMMED WITH RUMORS THAT HE WAS GOING FOR GOOD . MOISE DID NOTHING TO SQUELCH THE GOSSIP, FOR 48 HOURS AFTER HE LEFT HIS CAPITAL HE WAS ON A PLANE BOUND FOR PARIS . AT THE RATE TSHOMBE'S FRIENDS WERE DESERTING HIM, SELF-EXILE MIGHT NOT BE SUCH A BAD IDEA . LAST WEEK 23 OF TSHOMBE'S TOP KATANGA GENDARMERIE OFFICERS FLEW INTO LEOPOLDVILLE FOR A LET'S-BE-FRIENDS DINNER OF ROAST CHICKEN AND CREPES SUZETTE WITH LEADERS OF THE CONGOLESE ARMY, THEN SWORE OATHS OF ALLEGIANCE TO THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT . EVEN TSHOMBE'S ERSTWHILE AFRICAN ALLIES WERE RE-EXAMINING THEIR RELATIONS WITH LEOPOLDVILLE . FIRST TO BURY THE HATCHET WAS PRESIDENT FULBERT YOULOU OF THE CONGO REPUBLIC, FORMERLY THE FRENCH CONGO, WHOSE CAPITAL CITY OF BRAZZAVILLE LIES ACROSS THE RIVER FROM LEOPOLDVILLE . YOULOU, A NON-PRACTICING ROMAN CATHOLIC PRIEST WHO STUBBORNLY CONTINUES TO WEAR HIS CASSOCK, SUPPORTED TSHOMBE'S SECESSION IN 1960 . BUT WITH TSHOMBE ON THE WAY OUT, YOULOU SUDDENLY SAILED ACROSS THE STANLEY POOL TO MAKE FRIENDS WITH THE LEOPOLDVILLE CROWD . THEN, LOOKING LIKE A SHORTER, SUNTANNED VERSION OF SONNY LISTON, HE TOOK OFF ON A FIVE-DAY TOUR OF THE COUNTRY WITH LEOPOLDVILLE'S PRESIDENT JOSEPH KASAVUBU . THE CONGOLESE BORE NO GRUDGE . THE DAY YOULOU LEFT FOR HOME, SCHOOL WAS CANCELED IN LEOPOLDVILLE SO THE CHILDREN COULD LINE HIS DEPARTURE ROUTE . 
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AFRO-ASIA MISHMASH AT MOSHI IT WAS BILLED AS THE THIRD AFRO-ASIAN PEOPLE'S SOLIDARITY CONFERENCE . BUT DISCORD TURNED OUT TO BE SOLIDARITY'S DOMINANT THEME WHEN THE 400 DELEGATES AND OBSERVERS GATHERED AT MOSHI, A HAMLET ON THE COFFEE SLOPES OF MOUNT KILIMANJARO . SETTING THE TONE OF THE AFFAIR WAS RELUCTANT HOST JULIUS NYERERE, PRESIDENT OF TANGANYIKA, WHO HAD NOT WANTED THE MEETING HELD IN HIS COUNTRY IN THE FIRST PLACE . TO THE COMMUNISTS AND THEIR PALS, HE WARNED THAT AFRICA AND ASIA ARE IMPERILED BY A " SECOND SCRAMBLE " OF COLONIZATION, LED THIS TIME BY COMMUNIST POWERS, " WHO ARE COMMITTING THE SAME CRIME AS THE CAPITALISTS BEFORE . " SHORTLY THEREAFTER, THE HEAD OF THE INDIAN DELEGATION DENOUNCED THE ORGANIZATION AS A " FRAUD, / STOMPED OUT OF THE HALL BECAUSE HIS NEUTRALIST RESOLUTION ON THE SINO-INDIAN DISPUTE WAS TORPEDOED . DURING A DEBATE ON MALAYSIA, THE DELEGATE FROM SINGAPORE WAS BARRED, AND AN INDONESIAN WAS ACCEPTED AS BRUNEI'S REPRESENTATIVE . THE RUSSIANS AND RED CHINESE DELEGATIONS CARRIED THEIR OWN SQUABBLE INTO AFRICA . THERE WERE WIDESPREAD SUSPICIONS THAT THE CHINESE WERE TO BLAME WHEN THE AMPLIFIER FOR THE RUSSIAN TRANSLATION HOOKUP DISAPPEARED, WAS LATER FOUND IN A DITCH OUTSIDE THE CONFERENCE HALL . TIT FOLLOWED TAT . NEXT DAY THE CHINESE EARPHONES WENT DEAD, AND A BRITISH ENGINEER SUMMONED TO FIX THEM FOUND THAT THE ELECTRICAL CONNECTION HAD BEEN SPIKED . 
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FRANCE THE LIFE OF ONE MAN THE SHAKING UP THAT THE ATLANTIC ALLIANCE GOT LAST MONTH WAS THE WORK OF A SINGLE MAN . AND FRANCE'S CLAIM TO DOMINATE WESTERN EUROPE AND TO BE RECKONED WITH AS THE LEADER OF A THIRD FORCE IS ALSO THE LENGTHENING EXTENSION OF THAT MAN . THOSE OF HIS ALLIES WHO HAVE TO DEAL WITH LE GRAND CHARLES SOMETIMES FIND THAT THEIR EXASPERATION EXCEED THEIR ADMIRATION . BUT ANY WAY ONE LOOKS AT IT, WHETHER AS AN ALLY OR AS A FRENCHMAN WORRYING ABOUT THE CHAOS THAT MIGHT FOLLOW HIS DEATH, THERE IS A LOT RIDING ON THE TOWERING MAN IN THE ELYSEE PALACE . HE IS 72, AND HE HAS ENEMIES DESPERATE ENOUGH TO WANT TO KILL HIM . LAST WEEK, AS FRENCHMEN CLOSELY FOLLOWED THE NEWS OF A TRIAL OF WOULD-BE ASSASSINS OF DE GAULLE, THE GOVERNMENT ANNOUNCED A FRESH ATTEMPT ON DE GAULLE'S LIFE . ARMORED CAR . THE NIGHT BEFORE DE GAULLE WAS TO INSPECT THE ECOLE MILITAIRE ON THE LEFT BANK NEAR THE EIFFEL TOWER, PARIS GENDARMES SWARMED OVER THE GROUND, SEARCHING THE BUILDINGS FOR WEAPONS AND INTERROGATING OFFICER STUDENTS AND TEACHERS . DE GAULLE SHOWED UP NEXT DAY ON SCHEDULE, BUT (IN A CONCESSION TO DANGER RARE FOR HIM) COOPED UP INSIDE AN ARMORED CITROEN LIMOUSINE WITH BULLETPROOF WINDOWS . ACCORDING TO THE OFFICIAL STORY FROM SURETE HEADQUARTERS ON THE RUE DES SAUSSAIES, POLICE HAD DISCOVERED A PLOT ON A CIVILIAN'S TIP, IN THE NICK OF TIME . AFTER INTERROGATING THE FIVE SUSPECTS, THE POLICE INDICATED THAT THE TRIGGERMAN WAS NAVY CAPTAIN ROBERT POINARD, 37, WHO WAS HELD FOR QUESTIONING ALONG WITH HIS BLONDE YOUNG WIFE . ACCORDING TO THE POLICE SUPPOSITION, CAPTAIN POINARD WAS TO USE A CARBINE WITH A TELESCOPIC SIGHT TO KILL DE GAULLE WHILE HE WAS INSPECTING THE HONOR GUARD IN THE COBBLED ECOLE MILITAIRE COURTYARD . TWO OTHER OFFICERS WERE ALSO IN CUSTODY, BUT THE ODDEST OF THE SUSPECTS WAS THE ALLEGED RINGLEADER, MME . PAULE ROUSSELOT DE LIFFIAC, 55, A PIPE-SMOKING, LOW-SALARIED ENGLISH TRANSLATOR AT THE SCHOOL, THE MOTHER OF SIX CHILDREN, WHO WAS PICKED UP AT HER 15-ROOM, 18TH CENTURY CHATEAU IN A TOWN SOUTH OF LYON . THE ECOLE MILITAIRE, WHERE NAPOLEON LEARNED TO SOLDIER, IS THE TOP ACADEMY FOR THE FRENCH MILITARY, AND A HOTBED OF ANTIGAULLISM AMONG THE VETERANS OF ALGERIA WHO THINK HE LET THEM DOWN . SHREWD DELAY . ALGERIA WAS A WORD MUCH SPOKEN ALSO IN A COURTROOM IN SUBURBAN VINCENNES, WHERE NINE WOULD-BE ASSASSINS WERE ON TRIAL FOR HAVING TRIED TO KILL DE GAULLE LAST AUGUST IN AN AMBUSCADE AT PETIT-CLAMART, A PARIS SUBURB . AS HAS SO OFTEN HAPPENED IN FRANCE SINCE THE DREYFUS CASE OF THE 1890S, THE TRIAL WAS NOT CONFINED TO PERTINENT EVIDENCE BUT BLOSSOMED INTO A NATIONAL POLITICAL AFFAIR . VERY FEW FRENCHMEN HAD MUCH SYMPATHY FOR THE DEFENDANTS, BUT MANY HAD GRAVE DOUBTS ABOUT HOW THEY WERE BEING TRIED . DE GAULLE'S CHOSEN INSTRUMENT FOR THE TRIAL WAS THE SPECIAL COURT OF MILITARY JUSTICE, FROM WHOSE VERDICT THERE IS NO APPEAL, WHICH WAS SET UP LAST YEAR AND WAS TO END ITS EXISTENCE ON FEB . 25 . THE DEFENDANTS' ATTORNEYS SHREWDLY TRIED TO DELAY PROCEEDINGS UNTIL THAT DATE SO THAT THE CASE WOULD HAVE TO START ALL OVER AGAIN IN A REGULAR COURT, FROM WHICH APPEALS COULD BE TAKEN . BUT DE GAULLE MOVED TO FIT THE LAW TO HIS NEEDS.HIS CABINET SWIFTLY APPROVED A BILL EXTENDING THE LIFE OF THE SPECIAL COURT OF MILITARY JUSTICE, AND THE BILL WAS PASSED BY DE GAULLE'S ASSEMBLY 271-170 (THE SENATE LAST WEEK STUBBORNLY VOTED THE BILL DOWN BUT, LIKE BRITAIN'S HOUSE OF LORDS, IS POWERLESS TO OVERTURN DECISIONS OF THE LOWER HOUSE . THE DEFENDANTS AT VINCENNES WERE AN ODD, AND ODDLY FRIGHTENING, LOT . MOST OF THEM WERE SLACK-JAWED YOUTHS WHO SEEMED EQUALLY LACKING IN CONFIDENCE AND INTELLIGENCE . ONE WAS AN ARMY LIEUTENANT WITH THE OLD, ARISTOCRATIC BRETON NAME OF BOUGRENET DE LA TOCNAYE, AND A HEAD REELING WITH HEROIC MEMORIES OF HIS FAMILY'S FEATS OF ARMS DATING BACK TO THE CRUSADES . THE LEADER, LIEUT . COLONEL JEAN-MARIE BASTIEN-THIRY, 35, WHO HAD GRADUATED FROM THE FAMED POLYTECHNIQUE AND SERVED AS A BRILLIANT AIR FORCE ENGINEER, REVEALED HIMSELF AS A MAN WHO PUT GREAT INDUSTRY, INTELLIGENCE AND LOGIC TO WORK WITHIN A FRAMEWORK OF MAD ZEAL . ALL NONSENSE . THOUGH REFUSING TO RECOGNIZE THE JURISDICTION OF THE COURT, BASTIEN-THIRY AGREED TO ANSWER QUESTIONS, " BECAUSE IT IS NECESSARY FOR THE FRENCH PEOPLE TO KNOW WHY WE HAVE ACTED AND HOW WE HAVE ACTED . " HIS STORY WAS FANTASTIC, INCREDIBLE, AND THOROUGHLY FRENCH . TO BEGIN WITH, EXPLAINED BASTIEN-THIRY, THE AMBUSH HAD NOT BEEN INTENDED TO KILL DE GAULLE, ONLY TO CAPTURE HIM . TO THIS END, THE ASSASSINS WHO WERE ALL " CRACK SHOTS / HAD FIRED AT THE TIRES OF DE GAULLE'S CAR . AS A WITNESS FOR THE PROSECUTION, DE GAULLE'S SON-IN-LAW, COLONEL ALAIN DE BOISSIEU, WHO WAS RIDING BESIDE THE CHAUFFEUR, TESTIFIED THAT HE SAW A MAN POURING A STREAM OF BULLETS AT THE CAR, AND RECALLED, " HE DID NOT SEEM TO BE AIMING HIS SUBMACHINE GUN AT THE TIRES, BUT QUITE OBVIOUSLY AT THE PASSENGERS . " TO THE CHAUFFEUR, BOISSIEU SNAPPED, " DOWN THE MIDDLE . STRAIGHT AHEAD ! " THEN HE TURNED AROUND, BEGGED DE GAULLE, WHO WAS STILL SITTING UPRIGHT, TO BEND DOWN . DE GAULLE OBLIGED BY LEANING FORWARD SLIGHTLY . DEFENDANT BASTIEN-THIRY AIRILY DISMISSED AS " TECHNICAL INCIDENTS " THE ADDITIONAL EVIDENCE THAT THE CAR WINDOWS WERE SHATTERED BY BULLETS, A MOTORCYCLE COP'S HELMET DRILLED THROUGH, AND DE GAULLE'S HEAD MISSED ONLY BY INCHES . IF THEY HAD CAPTURED DE GAULLE, THE CONSPIRATORS INTENDED TO HIDE HIM AWAY IN A VILLA " BETWEEN PARIS AND VERSAILLES, " AND PLANNED TO PREVENT HIS ESCAPING BY REMOVING HIS SPECTACLES AND SUSPENDERS . AFTER SEVERAL WEEKS, DE GAULLE WOULD BE TRIED BY THE NATIONAL COUNCIL OF THE RESISTANCE (THE SUCCESSOR TO THE ALGERIAN SECRET ARMY ORGANIZATION), AND PRESUMABLY EXECUTED . WITH DE GAULLE DISPOSED OF, THE NATIONAL COUNCIL OF THE RESISTANCE PLANNED TO APPOINT A NEW HEAD OF STATE : NONE OTHER THAN DE GAULLE'S PRESENT FINANCE MINISTER VALERY GISCARD D'ESTAING . GISCARD D'ESTAING SAID IT WAS ALL NONSENSE, THAT HE HAD NEVER EVEN MET BASTIEN-THIRY AND HAD NO LINKS WITH EITHER THE SECRET ARMY OR THE COUNCIL OF THE RESISTANCE . THE WILD RHETORIC OF THE DEFENDANTS COULD NOT CONCEAL THE IMPLACABLE DETERMINATION TO KILL . LA GLOIRE SUMMONS FRENCHMEN IN MANY DIRECTIONS . FIVE OF THE GUNMEN WHO TOOK PART IN THE PETIT-CLAMART AMBUSH ARE STILL AT LARGE, INCLUDING THE MOST DANGEROUS OF ALL, GEORGES WATIN, 39, NICKNAMED BOITEUX (THE LIMPER), WHO THE POLICE SAY WAS ALSO THE BRAINS BEHIND THE ECOLE MILITAIRE PLOT . A FRENCH CABINET MINISTER, EMERGING FROM A MEETING AT THE ELYSEE PALACE LAST WEEK, SAID WORRIEDLY TO A FRIEND : " NEVER HAD DE GAULLE'S LIFE BEEN IN SUCH DANGER . / 
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IRAQ GREEN ARMBANDS, RED BLOOD A WEEK AFTER THE OVERTHROW IRAQ'S DICTATOR ABDUL KARIM KASSEM, THE CRACK OF RIFLE FIRE STILL ECHOED IN BAGHDAD'S LIBERATION SQUARE . TANKS AND ARMORED CARS KEPT STERN VIGIL AT EVERY IMPORTANT INTERSECTION . SCURRYING EVERYWHERE WERE THE LITTLE SQUADS OF MEN WEARING GREEN ARMBANDS FERRETS WHO SOUGHT TO FIND AND TO CRUSH THE LAST REMAINING OPPOSITION TO REBEL PRESIDENT ABDUL SALAM AREF AND HIS MYSTERIOUS REVOLUTIONARY BACKERS . WHO WERE THESE NEW RULERS ? IN THE MODERN MODE, AREF, 41, GRITTED HIS TEETH AND PRESENTED HIMSELF AT THE BAGHDAD HOTEL FOR THE INEVITABLE PRESS CONFERENCE WITH THE SWARM OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS, AN ORDEAL HE SEEMED TO REGARD AS IN SOME WAYS WORSE THAN THE HISTORIC NIGHT OF THE COUP ITSELF . MORE THAN A HUNDRED SHOUTING REPORTERS AND PHOTOGRAPHERS PUSHED ASIDE HIS TOMMY-GUN-WAVING GUARD AND CROWDED AROUND IRAQ'S BOSS TO HEAR AREF SPEAK FREELY ABOUT THE AIMS AND PURPOSES OF THE NEW GOVERNMENT . HE SAID SOMETHING ABOUT AN END TO ONE-MAN RULE, FRIENDSHIP WITH ALL ARAB STATES, AND THE " OVERCOMING OF ALL THE DIFFICULTIES FACING THE IRAQI PEOPLE . " BUT HE WAS MYSTERIOUSLY SILENT ABOUT THE SIZE OR MEMBERSHIP OF THE ALL-POWERFUL NATIONAL COUNCIL OF THE REVOLUTIONARY COMMAND, WHICH ORGANIZED AND LED THE REVOLT AGAINST KASSEM . NO PERSONALITIES . SAID AREF : " THIS IS A SECRET WHICH MUST REMAIN A SECRET FOR MANY REASONS . " ASKED WHY, ENGLISHSPEAKING AREF REPLIED VOLUBLY IN ARABIC . PRESSED AGAIN FOR AN ANSWER, AREF SUDDENLY ANNOUNCED, " THE CONFERENCE IS CLOSED, " AND DEPARTED, SURROUNDED BY HIS GUARDS . THE REASON FOR SUCH SECRECY SEEMS TO BE A GENERAL REVULSION AGAINST THE SELFGLORIFICATION OF KASSEM'S FOUR-YEAR DICTATORSHIP . " WE REVOLTED AGAINST THE CULT OF PERSONALITY, " EXPLAINED NEW FOREIGN MINISTER TALIB HUSSEIN SHABIB, 32 . TO THE KEY QUESTION OF WHO IS BOSS OF THE NEW IRAQ, THE ANSWER SEEMS TO BE : AT THE MOMENT, NO ONE MAN . PRESIDENT AREF CANNOT MAKE MAJOR DECISIONS WITHOUT THE CONCURRENCE OF THE MYSTERIOUS NATIONAL COUNCIL . BUT HIGHLY VISIBLE WAS THE NEW 21-MAN CABINET, AND MOST WESTERN OBSERVERS LIKED WHAT THEY SAW . SAID ONE : " IN GENERAL, THEY'RE A TOPNOTCH BUNCH OF RESPONSIBLE, EAGER, EXCEPTIONALLY WELL-EDUCATED PEOPLE . " MANY OF THE MINISTERS HAVE LIVED OR HAVE BEEN EDUCATED IN THE WEST, RANGING FROM FOREIGN MINISTER SHABIB, WHO GRADUATED FROM LONDON UNIVERSITY AND IS MARRIED TO AN ENGLISHWOMAN, TO FINANCE MINISTER SALIH KUBBA, WHO ATTENDED THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AND HAS AN INTERNATIONAL REPUTATION AS AN ECONOMIST . SEVEN OF THE NEW CABINET MINISTERS WERE IN KASSEM'S CONCENTRATION CAMP AT RASHID MILITARY BASE UNTIL THE REBELS BROKE DOWN THE GATES DURING THE COUP . THE BAATH IDEA . THE NEW GOVERNMENT IS CLEARLY ANTI-COMMUNIST, AND ALL BUT FIVE MINISTERS ARE EITHER MEMBERS OF OR CLOSELY LINKED TO THE BAATH (RENAISSANCE) PARTY . MORE AN IDEA THAN AN IDEOLOGY, THE BASIC BAATH DOCTRINE INSISTS THAT " THERE ARE NO ARAB NATIONS ; THERE IS ONLY ONE ARAB NATION . " THIS CREED IS, OF COURSE, WARMLY EMBRACED BY EGYPT'S GAMAL ABDEL NASSER, BUT AREF AND IRAQ'S BAATH PARTY SEEM HARDLY EAGER TO FALL UNDER CAIRO'S DOMINATION . THE BAATHIST LEADERS IN IRAQ, IN FACT, HAVE RESHAPED THEIR DOCTRINE OF ARAB UNITY INTO A CONCEPT OF FEDERATION OF ARAB STATES WITHOUT A CENTRALIZED DICTATORSHIP . THIS COULD MEAN ANYTHING, INCLUDING A REVIVAL OF THE OLD CONCEPT OF LOOSE UNITY IN THE " FERTILE CRESCENT " IRAQ, SYRIA, JORDAN AND LEBANON . ALREADY SYRIA, HAVING BROKEN FREE FROM NASSER, WAS PROPOSING FEDERATION TO IRAQ'S NEW LEADERS . THE IDEAS OF THE NEW IRAQIS SEEM LIBERAL, HUMANE AND DEMOCRATIC . BUT SO DID KASSEM'S PROGRAM WHEN HE FIRST SEIZED POWER ; HIS REIGN SWIFTLY DRIFTED TO BRUTALITY AND DEGRADATION . NORMAL TORPOR . BY WEEK'S END IRAQ SEEMED SETTLING DOWN INTO THE NORMAL TORPOR OF AN ARAB STATE AFTER A COUP D'ETAT . OIL FLOWED UNINTERRUPTEDLY THROUGH THE PIPELINES TO THE MEDITERRANEAN . SHOPS, SCHOOLS, AND GOVERNMENT OFFICES REOPENED . THE CURFEW WAS GRADUALLY EXTENDED FROM 3 IN THE AFTERNOON UNTIL 11 AT NIGHT, AND IN THE COFFEEHOUSES MEN WERE GOSSIPING AND PLAYING BACKGAMMON . THE LOCAL COMMUNISTS, THE ONLY GROUP STILL SUPPORTING THE DISCREDITED KASSEM REGIME, WERE BEING STRIDENTLY URGED BY MOSCOW'S POWERFUL ARABIC VOICE IN EAST GERMANY TO " STRUGGLE AGAINST THE FASCIST IMPERIALIST REGIME NOW FOISTED ON IRAQ . " SOME COMMUNISTS RESPONDED BY SNIPING FROM ROOFTOPS, BUT THEIR ORGANIZATION HAD SUFFERED A DEVASTATING BLOW . HUNDREDS OF THE DOGGED MEN WITH GREEN ARMBANDS, CARRYING MIMEOGRAPHED LISTS OF RED LEADERS COMPLETE WITH HOME ADDRESSES AND AUTO LICENSE NUMBERS, METHODICALLY HUNTED DOWN THE COMMUNISTS, WHO HAD GROWN STRONG IN KASSEM'S FINAL MONTHS . BY LAST WEEK THE NEW REGIME HAD KILLED OR JAILED NEARLY 2,500 DISSIDENT COMMUNISTS . THIS WAS ENOUGH TO WIN THE APPLAUSE OF WESTERN DIPLOMATS . BUT ANYONE WHO HAD WITNESSED THE PERILOUS PASSAGE OF OTHER, EARLIER REVOLTS WITH LAUDABLE AMBITIONS, COULD ONLY HOPE THAT THE REBELS WOULD STOP THE SHOOTING AND START RUNNING THE COUNTRY . IN THE LONG RUN, GUNS WILL HARDLY SERVE THE NEW REGIME BETTER THAN THEY SERVED ABDUL KARIM KASSEM . 
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GREAT BRITAIN 2-12 THE OTHER HAROLD THE LABOR PARTY LAST WEEK CHOSE A NEW LEADER TO CARRY ITS BANNER AGAINST THE TORIES IN BRITAIN'S COMING GENERAL ELECTION . THE WINNER : HAROLD WILSON, 46, A PIPE-SMOKING INTELLECTUAL WITH A PHENOMENAL MEMORY, A FOLLOWING OF MIXED ADMIRERS, AND A LOVE OF POLITICAL COMBAT . WILSON'S VICTORY WAS A CRUSHING BLOW TO HIS CHIEF RIVAL, COMRADELY GEORGE BROWN, 48, A STAUNCH TRADE UNIONIST AND EX-TRUCK DRIVER, WHO AS ACTING PARTY LEADER SINCE THE DEATH LAST MONTH OF HUGH GAITSKELL, HAD EVERY REASON TO BELIEVE THAT HE WOULD INHERIT THE MANTLE OF LEADERSHIP . BUT WHEN THE VOTING BEGAN LAST WEEK, IT WAS GEORGE BROWN'S OLD FRIENDS AMONG LABOR'S TRADE UNIONISTS WHO ABANDONED HIM FIRST . SOME OPPOSED HIS PRO-COMMON MARKET VIEWS ; OTHERS AMONG LABOR'S INTELLECTUAL CENTER AND RIGHT FLINCHED AT THE THOUGHT OF A WORKINGCLASS, UP-FROM-THE-RANKS PRIME MINISTER, AND PREFERRED TO GO TO THE COUNTRY WITH AN OXFORD GRADUATE AND ECONOMICS DON LIKE WILSON . RESPECTABILITY MEANS A LOT TO THE LABOR PARTY . HIGH MORTALITY . " NO ONE KNOWS HAROLD, REALLY, " SAYS A FRIEND . BUT AT A PRESS CONFERENCE LAST WEEK, JAMMED WITH REPORTERS AND TV CAMERAS, WILSON SET OUT SMOOTHLY AND COMPETENTLY TO LEAVE THE RIGHT IMPRESSION . HE REGRETTED THE " TRAGIC EVENT " OF GAITSKELL'S DEATH " THAT CREATED THIS VACANCY . " HE DIPLOMATICALLY DECLARED THAT " A GREAT DEAL OF CREDIT MUST GO TO GEORGE BROWN " FOR KEEPING THE PARTY TOGETHER IN THE INTERIM . FINALLY, WILSON STATED HIS THREE MAIN OBJECTIVES : " FIRST, TO MAINTAIN THE UNITY OF THE PARTY THAT HUGH GAITSKELL HANDED ON ; SECOND, TO CONTINUE THOSE POLICIES WORKED OUT UNDER HIS LEADERSHIP . . . THIRDLY, TO LEAD THE PARTY TO VICTORY IN THE COMING GENERAL ELECTION . / IN THE PAST DECADE, LABOR'S STRENGTH HAS BEEN SAPPED BY INTERNAL BICKERING AND BY THE LOSS OF MANY OF ITS ABLEST MEN (GAITSKELL, SIR STAFFORD CRIPPS, ERNEST BEVIN, ANEURIN BEVAN) . THE FEUDING HAS FADED, AND LABOR FINDS ITSELF IN THE BEST SHAPE IN YEARS TO TOPPLE THE GOVERNMENT OF PRIME MINISTER HAROLD MACMILLAN . A GALLUP POLL LAST WEEK INDICATED THAT LABOR HAD A 15F PER CENT LEAD OVER THE CONSERVATIVES, THE LOWEST THE TORIES HAVE BEEN IN ELEVEN YEARS IN POWER . BEVERIDGE'S BOY . DEEPENING UNEMPLOYMENT AND A FALTERING ECONOMY ACCOUNT MORE FOR TORY UNPOPULARITY THAN ITS RECENT DEFEAT ON THE COMMON MARKET . MACMILLAN HAS UNTIL FALL 1964 TO CALL AN ELECTION AT THE TIME MOST ADVANTAGEOUS TO HIMSELF . MUCH WILL DEPEND ON THE SKILL WITH WHICH WILSON EXPLOITS TORY WEAKNESSES AND DEMONSTRATES LABOR'S RIGHT TO GOVERN . THE SON OF AN INDUSTRIAL CHEMIST, JAMES HAROLD WILSON WAS BORN MARCH 11, 1916, IN THE HEART OF INDUSTRIAL YORKSHIRE, AND SPENT HIS CHILDHOOD IN A HILLSIDE VILLAGE OVERLOOKING THE FACTORY SMOKE OF THE COLNE VALLEY . AT THE LOCAL COUNCIL SCHOOL, HE WON THE FIRST OF A SERIES OF SCHOLARSHIPS THAT EVENTUALLY CARRIED HIM TO OXFORD'S JESUS COLLEGE, WHERE HE WAS A LEADING MEMBER OF THE DEBATING SOCIETY AND A CROSS-COUNTRY RUNNER . GRADUATING WITH FIRST CLASS HONORS, WILSON REMAINED AT OXFORD AS AN ECONOMICS DON UNTIL THE WAR, ENDING UP IN THE MINISTRY OF FUEL AND POWER . SIR WILLIAM BEVERIDGE EMPLOYED HIM AS A RESEARCHER FOR HIS FAMED SOCIAL INSURANCE REPORT, AND CALLED WILSON A " BRILLIANT YOUNG MAN " AND " THE BEST ECONOMIST I'VE EVER HAD . " IN 1945 WILSON STOOD FOR OFFICE FOR THE FIRST TIME, AND, IN THE ELECTION THAT THREW WINSTON CHURCHILL OUT OF OFFICE, WON A LANCASHIRE SEAT HANDILY BY 7,022 VOTES . TWO YEARS LATER, WHEN WILSON BECAME PRESIDENT OF THE BOARD OF TRADE AT 31, HE WAS THE YOUNGEST CABINET MEMBER SINCE WILLIAM PITT . LITTERED HOUSE . AMONG HIS CONSTITUENTS OR AT HIS RED-BRICK HOME IN HAMPSTEAD GARDEN SUBURB, WILSON IS AFFABLE, EASYGOING AND WELL-LIKED . HIS WIFE MARY, THE DAUGHTER OF A BAPTIST MINISTER, WRITES POETRY AND IS ACTIVE IN HER LOCAL CHURCH ; HIS TWO SONS, ROBIN, 19, AND GILES, 14, LITTER THE HOUSE WITH SPORTS GEAR AND MACKINTOSHES . BUT IN THE HOUSE OF COMMONS, THE REACTION TO WILSON IS GENERALLY ONE OF UNEASY SUSPICION, AND HE IS FREQUENTLY ACCUSED OF BEING " SLIPPERY . " AS THE ECONOMIST PUT IT LAST WEEK, " ON THE BIG THINGS DEFENSE, THE AMERICAN ALLIANCE, EAST-WEST, THE NEED TO GIVE LABOR A TWENTIETH CENTURY LOOK MR . WILSON HAS BEEN CONSISTENTLY AMBIGUOUS, INDEED DELIBERATELY AND CLEVERLY SO . THESE ARE THE REASONS FOR MORE THAN DOUBT ABOUT HIS LEADERSHIP . " HAVING QUIT THE LABOR CABINET IN 1951, ALONG WITH FIREBRAND ANEURIN BEVAN, WILSON HAS INHERITED MUCH OF BEVAN'S LEFTWING SUPPORT . BUT IN THE CABINET HIS MAIN ADMINISTRATIVE ACHIEVEMENT WAS THE DISMANTLING OF A VAST ARRAY OF CONTROLS ON BRITAIN'S POSTWAR ECONOMY . HE HAS ALWAYS BEEN MORE PRAGMATIC THAN DOCTRINAIRE OR OPPORTUNISTIC, HIS ENEMIES SAY . IN A COMMONS SPEECH LAST WEEK HE DECLARED, " WHAT I AM SAYING MAY OR MAY NOT BE IDEOLOGICAL, BUT IT WILL GET THE EXPORT ORDERS . " WITH THE LEFT SAFELY ON HIS SIDE, WILSON IS SHREWD ENOUGH TO KNOW THAT, AS LEADER, HE MUST NOW CONCILIATE THE PARTY'S CENTER AND RIGHT . WILSON CARRIED ON A MILD FLIRTATION WITH THE H-BOMB " UNILATERALISTS " WHEN HE CHALLENGED GAITSKELL FOR PARTY LEADERSHIP IN 1960, AND FOR A TIME PLUMPED FOR NEUTRALISM INSTEAD OF NATO . LAST WEEK WILSON REASSURED EVERYBODY THAT THE LABOR PARTY " STANDS FIRMLY BY NATO . " AND HE ADDED, " WE SHOULD EXPECT TO HAVE A VERY HAPPY RELATIONSHIP " WITH WASHINGTON . IN A RECENT COMMONS SPEECH HE ARGUED THAT BRITAIN SHOULD AVOID THE NEEDLESS EXPENSE OF A SEPARATE NUCLEAR DETERRENT, BUT NEVERTHELESS SHOULD HAVE A VOICE IN DECIDING WHEN THE WEST (I.E., THE U.S.) USES ITS NUCLEAR POWER : " THERE MUST BE NO ANNIHILATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION ! " WITH HIS READY TONGUE AND SHARP MIND, HAROLD WILSON WILL PROVE A FORMIDABLE ADVERSARY FOR PRIME MINISTER HAROLD MACMILLAN (HE WAS SWIFTLY DUBBED " THE OTHER HAROLD " ) . THERE IS HARDLY AN M.P . WHO HAS A BETTER GRASP OF PARLIAMENTARY PROCEDURE OR A BETTER KNACK OF TURNING IT TO HIS SIDE'S ADVANTAGE . HE HAS ALREADY DRAWN BLOOD WITH HIS SLASHING ATTACKS ON THE " VAIN NUCLEAR POSTURING " OF THE MACMILLAN GOVERNMENT . MACMILLAN'S RELATIONS WITH U.S . PRESIDENT JOHN KENNEDY, SAID WILSON, REMINDED HIM OF A " SEEDY UNCLE " RECEIVING HOMILIES FROM A YOUNG AND WEALTHY NEPHEW . THOUGH IT MAY BE DIFFICULT TO DISCOVER PRECISELY WHERE HAROLD WILSON STANDS, THERE WAS LITTLE DOUBT LAST WEEK ABOUT WHERE HE INTENDS TO COME TO REST AT 10 DOWNING STREET . 
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HUNGARY GAY UNTIL TOMORROW LIKE GERMANY'S RIOTOUS FASCHING FESTIVAL, HUNGARY'S FARSANG WAS TRADITIONALLY A TIME TO BLOW OFF STEAM BEFORE THE ONSET OF LENT'S RIGORS . IT WAS BANNED BY HUNGARY'S RED RULERS . BUT NOW, WITH THEIR TOLERANCE, FARSANG (PRONOUNCED FORSHONG), IS MAKING A COMEBACK NOT SO MUCH AS A PRE-LENTEN SPREE AS A CHANCE TO ESCAPE THE AUSTERITY OF EVERYDAY LIFE UNDER COMMUNISM . EXPLAINED ONE BLONDE MERRYMAKER : " WE CELEBRATE FROM THE MORNING AFTER NEW YEAR'S RIGHT THROUGH LENT, AND ON TO EASTER . " HUNGARY'S FESTIVAL PALES BY COMPARISON WITH THE OLD DAYS, WHEN MAGYAR ARISTOCRATS WOULD SPIT ON A 100-FORINT NOTE (WORTH ABOUT $12.50), SLAP IT ON A GYPSY'S FOREHEAD, AND DEMAND PASSIONATE VIOLINPLAYING UNTIL THE SPITTLE DRIED AND THE NOTE FELL OFF . BUT ALL THINGS CONSIDERED, IT IS GAY ENOUGH . AT BUDAPEST'S PRESS BALL LAST WEEK, YOUNG MEN IN STOVEPIPE TROUSERS AND GIRLS IN DARINGLY DECOLLETE DRESSES PERFORMED A WRITHING TWIST THAT ONLOOKERS POINTED TO WITH A TOUCH OF PRIDE AS THEIR OWN " DIRTY TWIST . / FOR THE MONSTER MASKED BALLS THAT PUNCTUATE THE SEASON, PROBABLY 100,000 COSTUMES WILL BE RENTED . AT SOME EVENTS THE MEN SPORT TUXEDOS RENTED FOR 120 FORINTS (THE AVERAGE HUNGARIAN EARNS 1,600 FORINTS A MONTH, OR $70 AT TOURIST EXCHANGE RATES), AND THE LADIES WEAR OLD REMODELED PARTY DRESSES . EVERYBODY THROWS A PARTY : THERE IS EVEN A BALL OF THE ADMINISTRATION OF WATER ECONOMY . AT THE FORESTERS' BALL IN BUDAPEST'S HOTEL GELLERT FORTNIGHT AGO, 1,500 GUESTS TURNED UP, INCLUDING EVEN A FEW FORESTERS . GYPSIES PROVIDE THE MUSIC, SAWING OUT STRAUSS WALTZES, WILD HUNGARIAN CSARDAS AND SONGS BY SOMEBODY LISTED AS / COLPORTER . " THE BALLS GO STRONG UNTIL DAWN BREAKS OVER THE DANUBE . FOR ALL THE DANCING, DRINKING AND CASUAL LOVEMAKING, THE FESTIVAL HAS A BITTERSWEET AIR . AFTER THEIR NIGHT-LONG REVELS, BUDAPEST'S RESIDENTS PICK THEIR WAY TO WORK ALONG POCK-MARKED SIDESTREETS, GAZE ABSENTLY AT THE STRIPPED-BARK SCAFFOLDING ON BUILDINGS GUTTED BY SOVIET TANKS DURING THE 1956 REBELLION, QUEUE UP FOR THE CONSUMER GOODS THAT ALWAYS SEEM TO BE IN SHORT SUPPLY . THE RED ARMY STILL STAYS PRUDENTLY HIDDEN IN ITS CAMPS RINGING BUDAPEST, AND THE HATED AVH SECRET POLICE HAVE BEEN REPLACED BY A LESS CONSPICUOUSLY MURDEROUS BUNCH KNOWN AS BKH, BUT NOBODY IS ENTHUSIASTIC ABOUT THE " PERMISSIVENESS " SHOWN LATELY BY PREMIER JANOS KADAR . DON'T LET ALL THIS GAIETY FOOL YOU, " A BUDAPEST WRITER WARNED AN AMERICAN VISITOR AFTER A FARSANG BALL . " THE YOUNG PEOPLE ARE GAY BECAUSE THEY ARE YOUNG . THE OLD PEOPLE THEY ARE GAY BECAUSE THEY DON'T KNOW WHAT COMES TOMORROW . " 
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ITALY OFF & RUNNING FOR ITALY'S 243 ELECTED SENATORS AND 596 DEPUTIES, ALL ROADS LED OUT OF ROME LAST WEEK . GETTING THE JUMP ON THE PRESIDENTIAL DECREE FORMALLY DISSOLVING PARLIAMENT, THE POLITICIANS SCURRIED HOME TO START CAMPAIGNING IN THE FIRST GENERAL ELECTION IN FIVE YEARS . IF THE APRIL 28-29 ELECTION WERE ONLY A PERSONAL POPULARITY CONTEST, SHORT (5 FT . 1 IN.), MUSTACHIOED PREMIER AMINTORE FANFANI, 55, MIGHT FIND HIMSELF OUT OF A JOB . FANFANI IS SHREWD, NOT SIMPATICO ,; BEHIND HIS BACK, CRITICS CALL HIM AND HIS AIDES I BASSOTTI (THE DACHSHUNDS) . MORE THAN FANFANI'S LOOKS AND COLD POLITICAL STYLE ARE AGAINST HIM . A 6 PER CENT JUMP IN LIVING COSTS LAST YEAR TOUCHED OFF A PROLONGED WAVE OF STRIKES BY INDUSTRIAL AND WHITECOLLAR WORKERS ; FORTNIGHT AGO, 5,000,000 WORKERS QUIT THEIR JOBS IN A ONE-DAY GENERAL WALKOUT . FANFANI'S YEAR-OLD PARTNERSHIP WITH PIETRO NENNI'S LEFT-WING SOCIALISTS, THE APERTURA A SINISTRA (OPENING TO THE LEFT), HAS SHARPLY DIVIDED THE PREMIER'S OWN CHRISTIAN DEMOCRATIC PARTY ; THE COALITION'S MAJOR LEGISLATIVE ACCOMPLISHMENT THE NEEDLESS AND EXPENSIVE NATIONALIZATION OF THE ELECTRICAL INDUSTRY, WHICH WAS NENNI'S PRICE FOR COLLABORATION HAS TURNED MANY BUSINESSMEN AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT . STILL, FANFANI FIGURES TO STAY ON TOP . OF THE SIX NATIONS IN THE COMMON MARKET, ITALY'S ESTIMATED 6 PER CENT GROWTH RATE THIS YEAR IS THE HIGHEST ; AT ABOUT 1,000,000, UNEMPLOYMENT IS HALF THE 1956 LEVEL . MANY ITALIANS FEAR THAT FLIRTATION WITH THAT OLD STALIN PRIZEWINNER PIETRO NENNI WILL EVENTUALLY LEAD ITALY DOWN THE PATH TO NEUTRALISM . BUT SO FAR, NENNI HAS PULLED TO THE RIGHT IN INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS, AWAY FROM HIS LONGTIME COMMUNIST ALLIES . HE HAS EVEN HALFHEARTEDLY ENDORSED A NATO NUCLEAR FORCE . NENNI WAS PROBABLY SAVED A LITTLE SOCIALISTIC EMBARRASSMENT WHEN THE U.S . RECENTLY AGREED TO PULL ITS JUPITER MISSILES OUT OF ITALY . 
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EAST GERMANY THE HARDER THEY FALL EAST GERMAN COMMUNISTS FOREVER ACCUSE WEST GERMAN CHANCELLOR KONRAD ADENAUER OF HARBORING FORMER NAZIS IN HIS GOVERNMENT, BUT LAST WEEK, TO THEIR ACUTE EMBARRASSMENT, A PROMINENT EXNAZI TURNED UP RIGHT AMONG EAST GERMANY'S TOP TWELVE COMMUNISTS . THE MAN WAS PROFESSOR DR . KARL-HEINZ BARTSCH, 39, A BRILLIANT AGRICULTURALIST WHO IN SCARCELY MORE THAN A DECADE SOARED FROM COMPLETE OBSCURITY TO A SPOT IN WALTER ULBRICHT'S CABINET . FIRST GAINING PROMINENCE WITH HIS LECTURES ON ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AT EAST BERLIN'S HUMBOLDT UNIVERSITY, BARTSCH WAS GIVEN A JOB CONTROLLING COLLECTIVE FARMS, SOON WAS MADE DEPUTY MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE . PERHAPS HE DID NOT TELL HIS COLLEAGUES OF SOME OF HIS EARLIER ACHIEVEMENTS : A PLACE IN THE HITLERJUGEND AT NINE, HITLER'S CROSS OF DANZIG AT 16 (PRESUMABLY FOR DEEDS IN POLAND), A WAR CAREER IN THE NOTORIOUS SS . WESTERN INTELLIGENCE AGENCIES KNEW ALL ABOUT BARTSCH, HOWEVER . HIS NAME HAD TURNED UP IN THE BERLIN DOCUMENTS CENTER, AN ARCHIVE OF OLD NAZI MEMBERSHIP FILES RESCUED FROM THE STORAGE HEAP OF A WEST GERMAN PAPERMILL AFTER THE WAR . RESISTING THE TEMPTATION TO SPILL THE FACTS ON BARTSCH, INTELLIGENCE BIDED ITS TIME . FORTNIGHT AGO, THE RISING HERR BARTSCH BECAME AGRICULTURAL CZAR, AND AT THIS POINT OUT TO WEST BERLIN NEWSPAPERS WENT FULL DOSSIERS ON THE NEW COMMUNIST CABINET MINISTER . FOR TWO DAYS THE EAST GERMAN GOVERNMENT IGNORED THE HEADLINES . THEN ULBRICHT'S PARTY CONTROL COMMITTEE MET AND DECIDED THAT BARTSCH, FOR CAUSING " SERIOUS DAMAGE " TO THE PARTY, WOULD BE DISMISSED FROM ALL HIS PARTY AND GOVERNMENT FUNCTIONS . HE HAD BEEN IN OFFICE JUST 36 HOURS . 
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CENTRAL AFRICA NO SQUAWKS, PLEASE EVERYBODY WAS RUSHING TO LEAVE SIR ROY WELENSKY'S RICKETY RHODESIA FEDERATION . BLACK-RULED NYASALAND WAS ALREADY ASSURED OF BRITAIN'S PERMISSION TO SECEDE . NORTHERN RHODESIA'S AFRICAN-DOMINATED ASSEMBLY LAST WEEK VOTED, 21 TO 14, TO DEMAND IMMEDIATE SECESSION . EVEN WHITERULED SOUTHERN RHODESIA WAS NOW CALLING FOR " A CLEAN BREAK . " OR, AS THE NEW PRIME MINISTER, WINSTON FIELD, PUT IT AT THE OPENING SESSION OF PARLIAMENT IN SALISBURY, " THE QUESTION OF SOUTHERN RHODESIAN SECESSION WILL NOT ARISE . WE SHALL HAVE BEEN SECEDED FROM . " BRITAIN'S DEPUTY PRIME MINISTER R . A . ( " RAB " ) BUTLER HAD JUST SPENT TWO WEEKS IN THE RHODESIAS, AND CONCLUDED THAT A BREAKUP OF THE TEN-YEAR-OLD FEDERATION WAS INEVITABLE . SOMETIME IN THE COMING SPRING, BUTLER IS EXPECTED TO CALL A CONFERENCE IN LONDON TO OVERHAUL THE CONSTITU TION OF NORTHERN RHODESIA, AND GIVE THE REGION THE RIGHT TO SECEDE ; HE ALSO HOPED THAT HE MIGHT SALVAGE FROM THE FEDERATION'S WRECKAGE SOME KIND OF ECONOMIC LINK BETWEEN THE TWO RHODESIAS . FIELD'S AIM IS TO WIN INDEPENDENCE FOR SOUTHERN RHODESIA BEFORE BRITAIN HAS A CHANCE TO DRAFT A NEW CONSTITUTION THAT WOULD ASSURE SOUTHERN RHODESIA'S 3,616,000 BLACK OF MAJORITY RULE OVER THE 221,000 WHITES . FIELD WANTS NO SQUAWKS FROM NATIVE AGITATORS WHILE HE TRIES TO BRING OFF HIS PLAN . THIS MONTH HIS POLICE ARRESTED AFRICAN NATIONALIST LEADER JOSHUA NKOMO AND SEVEN OTHER FORMER LEADERS OF THE BANNED ZIMBABWE AFRICAN PEOPLE'S UNION FOR TAKING PART IN AN " ILLEGAL PROCESSION " AND " OBSTRUCTING POLICE " AT A PROTEST RALLY, CHARGES THAT COULD MEAN UP TO TEN YEARS IN PRISON . WITH THAT, FIELD LAST WEEK SENT PARLIAMENT A SPATE OF PROPOSALS THAT WOULD GIVE POLICE BROAD NEW SEARCH AND ARREST POWERS, PERMIT THE WHIPPING OF PRISONERS (UP TO A MAXIMUM OF TEN LASHES), AND MAKE HANGING MANDATORY FOR ANYONE CONVICTED OF ARSON OR THE USE OF EXPLOSIVES . 
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SOUTH AFRICA UNHAPPY APART PRIME MINISTER HENDRIK VERWOERD'S GRANDIOSE SCHEME TO TRANSPLANT MOST OF SOUTH AFRICA'S 11 MILLION NATIVES INTO NINE BACK-COUNTRY, ALL-BLACK BANTUSTANS WAS SUPPOSED TO PUT AN END TO THE COUNTRY'S RACIAL UNREST . INSTEAD, IT HAS ONLY INCREASED THE DANGEROUS TENSION BETWEEN BLACK AND WHITE . THE FIRST BANTUSTAN ON VERWOERD'S LIST WAS THE TRANSKEI, A DENMARK-SIZE (16,500 SQ . MI.) AREA OF ERODED FARM LAND ON THE INDIAN OCEAN . NOBODY KNOWS THE TROUBLES IT HAS SEEN . EVER SINCE AFRICANS WENT ON A RAMPAGE THERE MORE THAN TWO YEARS AGO, MURDERING THE GOVERNMENT'S HANDPICKED TRIBAL CHIEFS AND SETTING FIRE TO ENTIRE VILLAGES, MOBILE POLICE PATROLS ARMED WITH STEN GUNS, ARMORED CARS, AND HELICOPTER SPOTTER PLANES HAVE HAD TO STAY ON DUTY IN PARTS OF THE TRANSKEI . FORTNIGHT AGO, A WHITE FAMILY OF FOUR WERE CAPRICIOUSLY HACKED TO DEATH WITH PANGAS AS THEY STUMBLED DOWN THE STEPS OF THEIR BURNING TRAILER, SET AFIRE WHILE PARKED ON A ROAD ONLY 30 MILES FROM THE TRANSKEI'S CAPITAL OF UMTATA . LAST WEEK, AS THE PARLIAMENT IN CAPE TOWN PREPARED TO DEBATE A BILL LEGALLY ESTABLISHING THE TRANSKEI BANTUSTAN CERTAIN TO PASS THE NATIONALIST PARTY-CONTROLLED LEGISLATURE, PROBABLY BY JUNE THERE WAS MORE TROUBLE . THE GOVERNMENT PLANS TO MAKE KAIZER MATANZIMA, A MISSION-EDUCATED TEMBU CHIEF, THE CHIEF MINISTER OF THE NEW TRANSKEI GOVERNMENT . THE BODYGUARD OF A HEADMAN SERVING MATANZIMA GOT INTO A TRIBAL FIGHT WITH 40 WARRIORS ARMED WITH SPEARS AND AXES . MATANZIMA QUICKLY MUSTERED 500 MEN TO CRUSH THE REVOLT, AND SOUTH AFRICAN POLICE STOOD BY WITH A TRUCKLOAD OF MEN AND A HELICOPTER . THE REBELS FLED INTO THE HILLS . POLICE BLAMED THE TRAILER MURDERS AND THE TRIBAL OUTBREAK ON THE INCREASING INFLUENCE OF POQO (PRONOUNCED PAW-KAW), AN AFRICAN TERRORIST SOCIETY WHOSE MEMBERS, LIKE KENYA'S NOTORIOUS MAU MAU, TAKE SECRET OATHS AND ARE HEAVILY INFLUENCED BY WITCH DOCTORS . POQO FANATICS RECENTLY TRIED TO ASSASSINATE MATANZIMA BECAUSE HE FRANKLY FAVORS APARTHEID AS " THE BEST SOLUTION " FOR SOUTH AFRICA'S RACIAL TROUBLES . MATANZIMA'S POWERS TO GOVERN THE TRANSKEI'S 1,400,000 BLACKS, 15,000 TO 20,000 WHITES, AND 14,000 COLOREDS WILL BE STRICTLY LIMITED . ALL MEASURES PASSED BY THE LOCAL LEGISLATURE OF TRIBAL CHIEFS AND ELECTED REPRESENTATIVES ARE SUBJECT TO VETO BY THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT ; CAPE TOWN STILL WILL CONTROL JUSTICE AND INTERNAL SECURITY . MONEY TO IMPROVE THE BARREN REGION WILL BE LACKING . VERWOERD HAS PROMISED AN ANNUAL BUDGET SUBSIDY OF $30 MILLION, BUT THIS FALLS FAR SHORT OF MEETING THE NEED FOR HOUSING, SCHOOLS, LAND RECLAMATION, ESTABLISHING NEW INDUSTRY . IN ADDITION, MATANZIMA FACES POWERFUL POLITICAL OPPOSITION FROM ANOTHER TEMBU CHIEF, SABATA DALINDYEBO, WHO DOES NOT LIKE THE BANTUSTAN IDEA AT ALL . DALINDYEBO DEMANDS MULTIRACIAL POLITICAL RULE " IN WHICH THE COLOR OF A MAN'S SKIN PLAYS NO PART IN HIS CIVIL RIGHTS . BY ACCEPTING SELF-GOVERNMENT, " HE WARNS, " WE FEAR WE WILL BE ENCLOSING OURSELVES IN A PIGSTY . 
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BURMA ARMY SOCIALISM EVER SINCE GENERAL NE WIN TOSSED BUMBLING PREMIER U NU OUT OF OFFICE LAST MARCH, THE ONLY THING THAT HAS KEPT HIM FROM RUSHING HEADLONG INTO A PROGRAM OF INDUSTRIAL NATIONALIZATION AND FARM COLLECTIVIZATION HAS BEEN THE INFLUENCE OF TOUGH, HANDSOME BRIGADIER AUNG GYI . LAST WEEK THE BRAKES WERE OFF . AFTER A LONG FEUD WITH LEFTIST MEMBERS IN THE 17-MAN REVOLUTIONARY COUNCIL, AUNG GYI " MOST RESPECTFULLY " ASKED STRONGMAN NE WIN " TO RELIEVE ME OF THE VARIOUS DUTIES TO WHICH I HAVE BEEN ASSIGNED . " AS ARMY VICE CHIEF OF STAFF, MINISTER OF TRADE AND INDUSTRY, AND CHAIRMAN OF THE BURMA OIL CO., AUNG GYI WAS NE WIN'S NO . 2 MAN AND HEIR APPARENT . THE SON OF A WELL-TO-DO CHINESE TEXTILE MERCHANT AND A BURMESE WOMAN, HE PROVED HIMSELF A CANNY DIPLOMAT BOTH IN THE 1960 NEGOTIATIONS THAT FIXED BURMA'S BORDERS WITH RED CHINA AND IN LAST MONTH'S TALKS WITH JAPAN THAT PRODUCED $170 MILLION IN ADDITIONAL WORLD WAR II REPARATIONS AND LOANS . DESPITE HIS INSISTENCE THAT " I HAVE NO TRAINING IN ECONOMICS, / HE BUILT A MODEST ARMY PX-TYPE OPERATION INTO THE GIANT BURMA ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT CORP., RUNNING 34 FIRMS RANGING FROM BANKING TO FISHERIES AND TURNING HANDSOME PROFITS THAT IN SOME YEARS RAN AS HIGH AS $2,500,000 . THOUGH HE INSISTED THAT HE HAD BEEN A SOCIALIST FOR 20 YEARS AND INTENDED TO REMAIN ONE FOR 20 MORE, IN FACT, HE WAS A TOUGH-MINDED PRAGMATIST WHO OPENLY ADVOCATED COOPERATION WITH PRIVATE INDUSTRY . INEVITABLY, AUNG GYI'S GRADUALISM ANNOYED NE WIN, A SOLDIER WHO IS NO COMMUNIST BUT HAS VOWED TO SOCIALIZE BURMA AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE . AUNG GYI EARNED THE ENMITY OF BRIGADIER TIN PE, A MARXIST THEORIST AND A KEY MEMBER OF THE REVOLUTIONARY COUNCIL . FOR MONTHS, TIN PE PRESSED FOR A FASTER SWITCHOVER TO STATE CONTROL ; AUNG GYI'S DEPARTURE MEANS THAT TIN PE HAS FINALLY WON OUT . STRIPPED OF POWER, AUNG GYI, 43, FLEW OFF TO VOLUNTARY EXILE IN AN ISOLATED BURMESE VILLAGE NEAR THE BORDERS OF CHINA AND INDIA . AT LEAST FOUR HIGH-RANKING OFFICERS WHO SHARED HIS VIEWS WERE ARRESTED OR FORCED INTO RETIREMENT . WITH THE OPPOSITION OUT OF THE WAY, NE WIN DECLARED THAT THE GOVERNMENT WOULD IMMEDIATELY TAKE OVER THE IMPORT AND EXPORT BUSINESS, THE RICE TRADE AND SOME PRIVATE INDUSTRIES . BURMA'S ECONOMY, SAID HE, WOULD NOW COME UNDER " TOTAL STATE CONTROL . / 
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COMMUNISTS 2-12 AH, FOREIGN AID THE COMMUNISTS HAVE POURED OUT THEIR MILLIONS TOO, TRYING TO WIN THE HEARTS AND MINDS OF AFRICA . SOMETIMES, MOSCOW MUST WONDER WHETHER IT IS WORTH ALL THE EFFORT . IN BULGARIA, 200 AFRICAN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS ON COMMUNIST SCHOLARSHIPS MARCHED DOWN SOFIA'S LENIN BOULEVARD TOWARD THE OFFICE OF PREMIER TODOR ZHIVKOV TO PROTEST GOVERNMENT RESTRICTIONS . INSTEAD OF SYMPATHY, THEY WERE MET BY 600 BULGARIAN MILITIAMEN, WHO FLAILED THE AFRICANS WITH CLUBS AND HAULED THEM OFF TO JAIL . ALL THE STUDENTS HAD ASKED FOR WAS PERMISSION TO MAINTAIN AN ALL-AFRICA STUDENT UNION . LIKE OTHER AFRICANS IN EASTERN EUROPE, THE 350 AFRICAN STUDENTS IN BULGARIA FOUND MORE SEGREGATION THAN BROTHERHOOD, MORE INDOCTRINATION THAN EDUCATION . AFTER THE RIOT, GHANA'S AMBASSADOR LODGED A STRONG PROTEST WITH THE BULGARIAN GOVERNMENT, AND JUST ABOUT ALL OF THE AFRICANS IN SOFIA DECIDED TO PACK UP AND SEEK EDUCATION ELSEWHERE . " WE HAVE BEEN INSULTED IN EVERY POSSIBLE WAY, " SAID GHANAIAN AGRICULTURAL STUDENT ROBERT KOTEY AS HE ARRIVED IN VIENNA . " WE WERE MOLESTED IN THE STREETS, CALLED " BLACK MONKEYS' AND " JUNGLE PEOPLE,' AND PEOPLED USED TO SPIT OUT BEFORE US ON BUSES AND TRAINS . " CONCLUDED GHANAIAN ECONOMICS STUDENT KOFI BUCKLE : " WE SOON REALIZED THAT TO STUDY IN A COMMUNIST COUNTRY IS A BLOODY WASTE OF TIME . " IN GUINEA, ONCE REGARDED AS A FOOTHOLD OF SOVIET PENETRATION OF AFRICA, RUSSIA'S STOCK FELL TO A NEW LOW WITH L'AFFAIRE SVETLANA . IT HAD TO DO WITH A BLONDE RUSSIAN EXCHANGE TEACHER NAMED SVETLANA USHAKOVA . AGAINST EMBASSY INSTRUCTIONS, SHE PERSISTED IN MAKING FRIENDS WITH THE NATIVES, AND IGNORED ORDERS THAT SHE RETURN TO RUSSIA . FORTNIGHT AGO, SHE WAS HUSTLED TO A MOSCOW-BOUND PLANE, ONLY TO BE RESCUED BY THE GUINEANS THEMSELVES . ON A SECOND VAIN ATTEMPT TO GET SVETLANA TO MOSCOW, RUSSIA'S AMBASSADOR TO GUINEA HIMSELF TRIED TO PASS HER OFF AS THE AIRCRAFT'S STEWARDESS . THEN A FEW DAYS LATER, THE RUSSIAN CULTURAL ATTACHE AND TWO AIDES SNATCHED SVETLANA FROM A CONAKRY RESTAURANT AND SPED OFF TOWARD THE AIRPORT . THAT WAS TOO MUCH . THE GUINEANS TOSSED ALL THREE INTO JAIL FOR THE NIGHT, REINSTALLED SVETLANA IN HER SCHOOL, AND BEGAN TO WONDER WHERE FOREIGN AID STOPS AND FOREIGN INTERFERENCE BEGINS . 
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CONFERENCES THE CITY OF LOST CAUSES GENEVA IS THE ONLY CITY IN THE WORLD TO HAVE GAINED FAME AND PROSPERITY FROM SUCCESSIVE FAILURES . THIS PLACID, TIDY TOWN LYING ON THE SHORES OF LAC LEMAN AND BENEATH MONT BLANC, THE TALLEST OF THE ALPS, HAS BEEN THE SCENE OF SOME OF HUMANITY'S MOST TRYING MOMENTS . IT IS A PLACE WHERE GREAT IDEAS TURN TO DUST IN THE ARCHIVES, AND WHERE NATIONS EXHAUSTED BY WAR COME TO END THEIR FIGHTING . LAST WEEK, LIKE EVERY WEEK, GENEVA RESOUNDED WITH THE DIN OF WRANGLING DELEGATIONS . IN ANOTHER WEARYING ROUND OF THE NUCLEAR TEST BAN NEGOTIATIONS, THE WEST REFUSED TO SCALE DOWN FURTHER ITS DEMANDS FOR ON-SITE INSPECTIONS, WHICH STOOD AT 20 ANNUALLY THREE YEARS AGO, EIGHT THIS WINTER, AND SEVEN LAST WEEK . THE RUSSIANS, WHO ORIGINALLY REFUSED TO PERMIT ANY INSPECTIONS, THREE YEARS AGREED TO " TWO OR THREE, " AND LAST WEEK WOULD NOT GO HIGHER . A NEWSMAN WHO HAS COVERED GENEVA SINCE 1947 SAYS THAT HABITUAL ATTENDANCE AT EAST-WEST CONFERENCES RESULTS IN A TENDENCY TO ACCEPT THE ARGUMENTS OF BOTH SIDES : " YOU COME TO THINK THAT THE RUSSIANS OBJECT TO CONTROLS BECAUSE THEY WANT TO CHEAT, AND THE WEST INSISTS ON CONTROLS BECAUSE THEY WANT TO SPY IN RUSSIA . YOU REACH THE CONCLUSION THAT EVERYBODY IS EQUALLY WRONG . " IMPOSED DEADLINE . A CITY OF 182,000 AND THE BIRTHPLACE OF JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU, AS WELL AS OF THE RED CROSS, GENEVA GOT INTO THE CONFERENCE BUSINESS EARLY . DURING THE 16TH CENTURY, UNDER REFORMER JOHN CALVIN, GENEVA WAS THE PROTESTANT ROME . IN 1872 GENEVA'S CITY HALL WAS THE HEADQUARTERS OF A FIVE-MAN COMMISSION THAT ARBITRATED A DISPUTE BETWEEN BRITAIN AND THE U.S . OVER THE DAMAGES CAUSED BY THE BRITISH-BUILT CONFEDERATE RAIDER ALABAMA . THE LUCKLESS LEAGUE OF NATIONS WAS ESTABLISHED IN GENEVA IN 1920 . AFTER THE LEAGUE WAS ERASED BY WORLD WAR II, THE UNITED NATIONS TOOK OVER THE VAST PALAIS DES NATIONS AS ITS EUROPEAN BASE . GENEVA IS TO DIPLOMATS WHAT NIAGARA FALLS IS TO HONEYMOONERS . EVERY MEETING OF EVERY CONFERENCE IS FILLED TO THE BRIM WITH ENDLESS, MULTILINGUAL TALK . ONLY RARELY DOES THE PALAIS, ONE OF THE WORLD'S LARGEST OFFICE BUILDINGS, COME TO LIFE WITH SUCH DRAMATIC MOMENTS AS EMPEROR HAILE SELASSIE'S MOVING SPEECH AGAINST MUSSOLINI'S INVASION OF ETHIOPIA, OR THE SIGHT OF FRENCH PREMIER PIERRE MENDES-FRANCE, WATCH IN HAND, SIGNING AT 4 A.M . THE ACCORD ENDING THE INDO-CHINA WAR TO MEET THE DEADLINE HE HAD SET HIMSELF ON TAKING OFFICE . 15 PER CENT JUMP . MOST CONFERENCE ACTIVITY REVOLVES AROUND SUCH ANNUAL FIXTURES AS THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION AND THE U.N . ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL . OVER 170 ORGANIZATIONS HAVE HEADQUARTERS IN GENEVA, RANGING FROM THE INTERNATIONAL BUREAU OF EDUCATION TO THE WORLD ALLIANCE OF THE Y.M.C.A . THROUGH MUCH OF FEBRUARY, 1,600 DELEGATES FROM ALL CORNERS OF THE EARTH SAT HAPPILY THROUGH LONG SESSIONS OF THE UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON THE APPLICATION OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE LESS DEVELOPED AREAS, A GROUP KNOWN AS UNCSCAT FOR SHORT . MEETINGS MOST OFTEN OCCUR DURING THE GOOD WEATHER MONTHS, AND USUALLY AFFORD SUFFICIENT TIME OFF FOR DELEGATES TO ENJOY THE DELIGHTS OF MOUNTAIN AND BEACH . THE PERMANENT U.N . EMPLOYEES IN GENEVA LEAD A QUIET, INCESTUOUS LIFE MADE UP OF INTIMATE COCKTAIL PARTIES, SMALL DINNERS AND CASUAL MEETINGS IN THE PALAIS BAR, WHICH SERVES SANDWICHES SO DISMAL THAT THEY ARE ALLEGED TO BE REJECTS FROM COMMERCIAL AIRLINES . THE CITIZENS OF GENEVA, WHO ARE MOSTLY FRENCH-SPEAKING SWISS, IGNORE THE PERMANENT U.N . STAFF, THE DELEGATES AND THE TOURISTS, AND DEVOTE THEMSELVES TO MAKING WATCHES, PRECISION TOOLS AND, ESPECIALLY, MONEY . AN 18TH-CENTURY FRENCH FOREIGN MINISTER ONCE ADVISED A FRIEND, " IF YOU SEE A GENEVESE JUMP OUT OF A WINDOW, JUMP RIGHT AFTER HIM . THERE'S 15 PER CENT TO BE GAINED . " BUT AS SWISS CITIES GO, WHICH IS SLOWLY, GENEVA HAS A REPUTATION FOR WILDNESS . IN BERN AND ZURICH THE SIDEWALKS ARE ROLLED UP AT MIDNIGHT, BUT GENEVA'S NIGHT SPOTS CAN STAY OPEN UNTIL 4 A.M . POLICE CANNOT BREAK INTO GENEVA HOTEL ROOMS AND ASK TO SEE MARRIAGE LICENSES AS THEY CAN IN MOST GERMAN SWISS CITIES . GENEVA HAS ONLY A FEW LICENSED PROSTITUTES BUT NO SUSCEPTIBLE VISITOR HAS EVER BEEN KNOWN TO COMPLAIN OF A LACK OF COMPLAISANT WOMEN . OCCASIONALLY, THERE ARE CRIMINAL ACTIVITIES . DURING THE 1960 DISARMAMENT CONFERENCE, SIR MICHAEL WRIGHT, CHIEF BRITISH DELEGATE, FOUND A THIEF UNDER HIS BED . AND CAMEROON'S PRO-COMMUNIST POLITICIAN, FELIX-ROLAND MOUMIE, DIED SUDDENLY AFTER DRINKING FOUR GLASSES OF PERNOD THAT SOMEONE HAD SPIKED WITH RAT POISON . POETIC CHEF . THE PROPRIETORS OF GENEVA'S 300 BARS AND 18 NIGHTCLUBS, REPORT THAT ARAB, SOUTH AMERICAN AND AFRICAN DELEGATES LIVE IT UP THE MOST . COMMUNIST BLOC DELEGATES USUALLY REMAIN DOURLY BEHIND THE HIGH STONE WALLS OF SUBURBAN VILLAS . ONE POPULAR BAR, THE NAVY CLUB, WAS FOUNDED BY U.S . NAVAL OFFICERS DETAILED TO THE 1954 INDO-CHINA PEACE CONFERENCE . MOST RESTAURANTS ARE FRENCH AND VERY GOOD ; DELEGATES WHO CAN AFFORD IT HAPPILY DRIVE 30 MILES TO THE FABULOUS AND EXPENSIVE LE PERE BISE, JUST ACROSS THE FRONTIER IN FRANCE ITSELF . IN GENEVA THERE ARE THREE CHINESE RESTAURANTS (ONE NATIONALIST AND TWO RED CHINESE), A VIETNAMESE ONE WHOSE CHEF IS A POET, AND EVEN AN ARAB EATING HOUSE, KNOWN FONDLY AS CHEZ FAROUK . FOR THE ATHLETIC, GENEVA BOASTS AN AMERICAN-RUN TWELVE-LANE BOWLING ALLEY, AND FOR GAMBLERS, TWO CASINOS ; AND FOR THE PRURIENT, THERE IS A STRIPTEASE JOINT CALLED THE BA-TA-CLAN, WHOSE HUGE RED NEON SIGN WINKS WICKEDLY ACROSS FROM ST . PIERRE CATHEDRAL, WHERE CALVIN DELIVERED SERMONS LACED WITH FIRE AND BRIMSTONE . FOR ROUES WHO WANT TO KEEP GOING EVEN AFTER 4 A.M., A SECOND-FLOOR ESTABLISHMENT NAMED THE U.N . BRIDGE CLUB SERVES DRINKS TILL DAWN AND POLISH LOVE SONGS RENDERED BY AN ITALIAN BARMAID . UNSIGNED TREATY . DESPITE THE SEEMING AIMLESSNESS OF MOST GENEVA NEGOTIATIONS, THERE IS A RESIDUE OF IDEALISM AND OPTIMISM . LAST WEEK THE BRITISH GAVE A FAREWELL PARTY FOR SIR MICHAEL WRIGHT UPON HIS RETIREMENT AS BRITAIN'S CHIEF NUCLEARTALKS REPRESENTATIVE . THERE WAS AN ELEMENT OF SADNESS, SINCE SIR MICHAEL HAD PLAINLY HOPED TO END HIS CAREER BY SIGNING THE EAST-WEST TREATY . NEWSMEN APPLAUDED WARMLY WHEN SIR MICHAEL TURNED TO HIS GUEST, SENATOR HUBERT HUMPHREY, AND SAID, " I HOPE YOUR SIGNATURE WILL BE ON THE TREATY . " IF THE TREATY IS EVER SIGNED, GENEVA WILL HAVE LOST ITS PRESENT UNWANTED TITLE OF THE " CITY OF LOST CAUSES . / 
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EUROPE THE OUTSIDERS IN A GENEVA CONFERENCE ROOM BORROWED FROM THE WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION, THE SEVEN MEMBERS OF THE EUROPEAN FREE TRADE ASSOCIATION MET LAST WEEK TO REVIVE A MARRIAGE THAT THEY WOULD MUCH RATHER HAVE SEEN DISSOLVED . UNTIL CHARLES DE GAULLE'S REJECTION OF BRITAIN'S BID FOR COMMON MARKET MEMBERSHIP, MOST OF ITS EFTA PARTNERS (SWEDEN, NORWAY, DENMARK, SWITZERLAND, AUSTRIA, PORTUGAL) HAD ALSO BANKED ON JOINING THE SIX . INSTEAD, AS THEY RUEFULLY SURVEYED THE DAMAGE, THE OUTER SEVEN SEEMED FARTHER OUT THAN EVER . ACCEPTING THE FACT, EFTA WHICH WAS GLUED TOGETHER IN A DEFENSIVE REACTION TO THE COMMON MARKET IN 1960 DECIDED LAST WEEK TO SPEED UP ITS TIMETABLE FOR INTERNAL TARIFF REDUCTION IN HOPES OF STIMULATING TRADE AMONG ITS MEMBERS . THE DELEGATES DISAVOWED ANY INTENTION OF STARTING A TRADE WAR WITH THE SIX, FOR AFTER ALL, THE COMMON MARKET WAS STILL THE BIGGEST CUSTOMER FOR EFTA EXPORTS . " WE STILL REGARD THE SEVEN AS A SENSIBLE CONTRIBUTION TO EUROPEAN UNITY, " DECLARED EFTA SECRETARY GENERAL FRANK FIGGURES . WITH THE SOLE EXCEPTION OF AUSTRIA, WHICH ANNOUNCED THAT IT WILL CONTINUE TO PRESS FOR ASSOCIATE MEMBERSHIP IN THE COMMON MARKET, ALL OF BRITAIN'S OUTER SEVEN PARTNERS HAVE NOW SUSPENDED THEIR APPLICATIONS TO JOIN THE SIX, AGREE MEANWHILE THAT ANY MOVE TO LINK THE TWO COMMUNITIES WILL HAVE TO COME FROM BRUSSELS . FEW THOUGHT IT WOULD COME SOON . 
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BERLIN 2-12 WILLY WINS IN MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS HELD AT THE DARKEST HOUR OF THE BERLIN BLOCKADE IN 1948, WEST BERLINERS SHOWED THEIR DEFIANCE OF THE REDS BY GIVING THEIR BELOVED MAYOR, ERNST REUTER, A RECORD 64.5 PER CENT OF THE POPULAR VOTE . COMMUNISM'S WALL HAS DONE NOTHING TO REDUCE THEIR SOLIDARITY . LAST WEEK, URGED ON BY POSTERS THAT WARNED " WHOEVER STAYS AT HOME VOTES FOR THE WALL, " 90 PER CENT OF ELIGIBLE WEST BERLINERS TRUDGED THROUGH FOGGY, SNOWY STREETS TO GIVE ABLE MAYOR WILLY BRANDT, REUTER'S PROTEGE, A LANDSLIDE VICTORY FOR ANOTHER TERM IN OFFICE . BRANDT'S SOCIALISTS GOT ALMOST 62 PER CENT OF THE 1,571,820 VOTES CAST ; IN THE WORKERS' STRONGHOLD OF WEDDING, THE DISTRICT WHICH BRANDT CHOSE AS HIS PERSONAL CONSTITUENCY, HE WON MORE THAN 75 PER CENT OF THE BALLOTS . CITYWIDE, THE PUNY COMMUNIST PARTY LOST ONE-THIRD OF ITS SUPPORT, ATTRACTING JUST A SHADE MORE THAN 1 PER CENT OF THE VOTE . BRANDT'S VICTORY WAS NO SURPRISE, FOR WEST BERLIN TRADITIONALLY VOTES SOCIALIST . WHAT WAS STARTLING WAS THE SIZE OF THE SOCIALIST GAIN, AND THE SHARP LOSS SUFFERED BY THE WEST BERLIN FACTION OF CHANCELLOR KONRAD ADENAUER'S CHRISTIAN DEMOCRATIC UNION . C.D.U . DEPUTY MAYOR FRANZ AMREHN LOST TO A LITTLE-KNOWN SOCIALIST, AND OVERALL C.D.U . STRENGTH IN THE BERLIN HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES DROPPED 25 PER CENT . THERE WERE, OF COURSE, LOCAL ISSUES, BUT NO ONE DOUBTED THAT THE C.D.U . SUFFERED FROM THE TARNISHED IMAGE OF ADENAUER'S NATIONAL PARTY, WHICH HAS BEEN SLIPPING IN LOCAL AND STATE ELECTIONS . RECENT DISCONTENT FOCUSES ON THE GOVERNMENT'S CLUMSY " TREASON " CRACKDOWN ON THE NEWSMAGAZINE DER SPIEGEL LAST NOVEMBER, AND MORE IMPORTANT, ON THE STUBBORN REFUSAL OF ADENAUER TO CLEAR THE WAY FOR HIS OWN RETIREMENT AND CHOICE OF A NEW C.D.U . LEADER . WITH NEW NATIONAL ELECTIONS DUE IN 1965, IT IS NONE TOO EARLY FOR THE CHRISTIAN DEMOCRATS TO START BUILDING UP A NEW CANDIDATE, WHETHER HE TURNS OUT TO BE VICE CHANCELLOR LUDWIG ERHARD, THE FASTRISING FOREIGN MINISTER GERHARD SCHRODER, OR ONE OF THE PARTY'S DARK HORSES . AS FOR A SOCIALIST CANDIDATE FOR THE CHANCELLORSHIP, WILLY BRANDT, WHO WAS BEATEN ONCE BY ADENAUER, WAS SURE TO BE IT AGAIN . AND WILLY WAS WILLING . " MY WORK MIGHT BE MORE NEEDED ELSEWHERE, " HE SAID . 
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WEST GERMANY TANKS, BUT NO TANKS AMONG THE MANY HIGH-SOUNDING BUT VAGUE PROVISIONS SPRINKLED THROUGH THE FRANCO-GERMAN RECONCILIATION TREATY CEREMONIALLY SIGNED IN PARIS SIX WEEKS AGO WAS ONE CALLING FOR JOINT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS . THIS SEEMED A PROMISING CLAUSE, FOR EXPERTS FROM BOTH NATIONS ALREADY HAD SPENT YEARS WORKING TOGETHER ON VARIOUS PROJECTS E.G., ANTITANK ROCKETS DEVELOPED AT THE FRENCH BALLISTIC PROVING GROUNDS AT ST.LOUIS, A BIG MILITARY TRANSPORT PLANE DESIGNED TO OPERATE OFF SHORT RUNWAYS, A FRENCH-DESIGNED HEAVY HELICOPTER . BUT THE MOST IMPORTANT JOINT PROJECT IN THE WORKS WAS THE EUROPA PANZER, A MEDIUM TANK ; WHEN FIRST CONCEIVED, THE IDEA WAS THAT IT WOULD REPLACE THE WEST GERMAN BUNDESWEHR'S 2,000 OUT-OF-DATE U.S . M-47S AND M-48S, GIVE THE FRENCH ARMY A FAST, QUICK-FIRING, MANEUVERABLE WEAPON . BUT THERE WERE SNAGS IN THE EUROPA PANZER SCHEME . THE GERMANS, SOLD ON THE IDEA OF A SAFER, CHEAPER MULTIFUEL ENGINE, WHICH WORKS BEST ON DIESEL OIL, SNIFFED AT THE FRENCH MOTOR DESIGN . AND BONN DEFENSE CHIEFS PREFERRED A FAST-FIRING BRITISH 105-MM . CANNON THAT DID NOT FIT THE CHASSIS THE FRENCH WERE TALKING ABOUT . LAST WEEK BONN'S NEW DEFENSE MINISTER KAI-UWE VON HASSEL OFFICIALLY SCRAPPED THE EUROPA PANZER IDEA, DECLARED THAT WEST GERMANY WOULD PRODUCE A FLASHY NEW TANK OF ITS OWN . FRENCH DEFENSE OFFICIALS HAD GOTTEN WORD OF THE DECISION LONG BEFORE THEIR CHARLES DE GAULLE HAD SIGNED HIS NEW PACT WITH BONN . BUT THE CANCELED DEAL WAS BOUND TO SET MINDS ON BOTH SIDES OF THE RHINE WONDERING JUST HOW USEFUL THEIR TREATY REALLY WAS . 
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GREAT BRITAIN GUILTY INNOCENT ONE NIGHT IN 1943, LONDON POLICE ON ROBBERY DETAIL STOPPED A SEEDY LITTLE MAN FOR ROUTINE QUESTIONING AND SEEMED TO HAVE STUMBLED ON THE SOLUTION OF A MURDER IN PORTSMOUTH, 65 MILES AWAY . HAROLD LOUGHAN A BRASH HABITUAL CRIMINAL VOLUNTEERED THE INFORMATION THAT HE HAD CREPT INTO THE ROOMS ABOVE THE JOHN BARLEYCORN PUB THREE WEEKS BEFORE AND, IN COMMITTING A ROBBERY, HAD STRANGLED TO DEATH THE PUB'S OWNER, ROSE ROBINSON . " IT'S A RELIEF TO GET IT OFF MY MIND, " HE TOLD THE POLICE . " I DIDN'T MEAN TO KILL THE OLD GIRL, BUT YOU KNOW WHAT IT IS WHEN A WOMAN SCREAMS . " CONFESSION V . ALIBI . WHEN THE DETAILS OF THE CONFESSION CHECKED OUT IN PORTSMOUTH, LOUGHAN WAS CHARGED WITH MURDER . " I FELT CONFIDENT THAT I COULD NOT LOSE THE CASE EVEN IF I CONDUCTED IT STANDING ON MY HEAD, " RECALLS JOSHUA DAVID CASSWELL, WHO WAS THE PROSECUTOR IN THE COURT PROCEEDINGS THAT FOLLOWED . BUT TO CASSWELL'S CHAGRIN, LOUGHAN DISMISSED HIS CONFESSION AS THE KIND OF CASUAL LIE HE ENJOYED TELLING THE POLICE, CLAIMED HE SPENT THE NIGHT OF THE MURDER SHELTERED FROM THE BLITZ IN LONDON'S WARREN STREET SUBWAY STATION AND PRODUCED FIVE INDEPENDENT WITNESSES TO PROVE IT . " THIS IS THE MOST EXTRAORDINARY CASE I'VE EVER KNOWN, " SAID THE JUDGE . / ON THE ONE HAND A FULL CONFESSION, AND ON THE OTHER AN UNSHAKABLE ALIBI . " THE JURY, EQUALLY PUZZLED, COULD NOT REACH A VERDICT . IN A RETRIAL, LOUGHAN WAS ACQUITTED . HE WAS STILL GLOATING WHEN ARRESTED ON THE STEPS OF OLD BAILEY FOR ANOTHER ROBBERY AND, AFTER HIS 24TH CONVICTION, SENT TO PRISON FOR SEVEN YEARS . THAT MIGHT HAVE BEEN THE LAST ANYBODY HEARD OF LITTLE HAROLD LOUGHAN IF THE PEOPLE, A SENSATIONAL LONDON SUNDAY NEWSPAPER, HAD NOT PRINTED THE MEMOIRS OF PROSECUTOR CASSWELL . IN ONE INSTALLMENT, CASSWELL CLAIMED THAT HAROLD LOUGHAN WOULD HAVE BEEN CONVICTED IF ALL THE EVIDENCE HAD BEEN HEARD . LOUGHAN, NOW 66 AND IN JAIL AS USUAL, SUED FOR LIBEL, CLAIMING HE HAD BEEN CALLED A MURDERER DESPITE HIS OFFICIAL INNOCENCE . MURDER OR LIBEL . THE NEWSPAPER'S LAWYER ARGUED THAT EVEN IF THE ARTICLES DID AMOUNT TO CALLING LOUGHAN A MURDERER, TRUTH IS A DEFENSE AGAINST LIBEL, AND CASSWELL HAD FINALLY SHOWN THAT LOUGHAN HAD INDEED MURDERED ROSE ROBINSON 19 YEARS AGO . FOR ELEVEN DAYS THE JURY HEARD EVIDENCE OF THE OLD MURDER WITH LOUGHAN STILL PROTESTING HIS INNOCENCE . " YOU ARE ASKED TO TRY AGAIN A MURDER IN THE GUISE OF A LIBEL ACTION, " HIS LAWYER COMPLAINED TO THE JURY . LAST WEEK THE JURY RETURNED ITS VERDICT : THE PEOPLE WAS NOT GUILTY OF LIBEL BECAUSE LOUGHAN WAS GUILTY OF THE MURDER . LOUGHAN, OF COURSE, CANNOT BE TRIED AGAIN FOR THE SAME CRIME . IF THE JURY WAS CORRECT, HE HAD CHEATED THE GALLOWS . BUT THAT WAS LITTLE COMFORT TO HAROLD LOUGHAN . AFTER THE TRIAL HE WAS RETURNED TO THE PRISON HOSPITAL WHERE, AFTER SPENDING 23 OF HIS 66 YEARS BEHIND BARS, HE AWAITS DEATH FROM INOPERABLE CANCER . 
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GREAT BRITAIN RULE PHILLITANNIA WHEN THE BANK OF ENGLAND ISSUED A NEWLY DESIGNED P 5 NOTE LAST WEEK, TRADITION-MINDED ENGLISHMEN WERE HORRIFIED TO FIND THAT THE 1963 MODEL BRITANNIA LOOKS MORE LIKE MISS BLACKPOOL THAN THE DUMPY DOWAGER WHO HAS TRADITIONALLY RULED THE WAVES FROM THE NATION'S COINS AND BANK NOTES . STRIPPED OF HER ROMAN HELMET AND A GOOD DEAL OF HER HEFT, THE PERT NEW BRITANNIA HAS A BECOMING SHOULDER-LENGTH HAIRDO TO REPLACE THE SAUSAGE CURLS SHE HAS WORN SINCE VICTORIAN TIMES, EVEN SPORTS A TOGA THAT LOOKS AS IF IT HAD BEEN DESIGNED BY EMILIO PUCCI RATHER THAN THE EMPEROR HADRIAN . A SPOKESMAN FOR THE OLD LADY OF THREADNEEDLE STREET GROPED FOR THE RIGHT WORDS TO EXPRESS THE BANK'S OFFICIAL COMMENT, CAME UP WITH, " SHE'S A GLAMOUR PUSS . WE ARE REALLY WITH IT . " MODEL FOR THE NEW BRITANNIA WAS PHILLIDA STONE, AN 18-YEAR-OLD ART STUDENT AT OXFORD WHOSE FATHER, ARTIST REYNOLDS STONE, WAS COMMISSIONED TO DESIGN THE NEW MAUVE, BROWN AND BLUE FIVER (WORTH $14) . AT A LOSS FOR A MODEL, HER FATHER DRAPED PHILLIDA IN A SHEET, SAT HIS DAUGHTER DOWN WITH A STICK IN ONE HAND TO REPRESENT BRITANNIA'S SPEAR . HER TRADITIONAL OLIVE BRANCH WAS SKETCHED IN LATER . SOME FOUND THE NEW DESIGN AN AGREEABLE CHANGE FROM THE BUXOM FIGURE ON MOST OTHER MONEY . OTHER BRITONS THOUGHT PHILLITANNIA " CLUMSILY DESIGNED, " / LIKE SNOW WHITE " AND " TOO MUCH LIKE A BATHING BEAUTY . " EVEN PHILLIDA WHO MIGHT HAVE BEEN EXPECTED TO WELCOME HER NEWFOUND FAME OBJECTED TO HER FATHER'S DRAWING . " IT'S NOT, / SHE POUTED, " THE REAL ME . / 
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LIBYA SUNSET SHOCK ON THEIR FERTILE PLATEAU, 930 FEET ABOVE THE MEDITERRANEAN, THE MOSLEM CITIZENS OF EL MARJ (POP . 13,000) WELCOMED THE SUNSET ONE DAY LAST WEEK . IT BROUGHT TO AN END ANOTHER DAY-LONG FAST IMPOSED BY THE HOLY MONTH OF RAMADAN . FAMILIES GATHERED AT TABLE TO BREAK THEIR FAST WITH THE TRADITIONAL RAMADAN DINNER AND MANY DIED WHERE THEY WERE SITTING, FOR SUNSET BROUGHT THE SHOCK AND TERROR OF THE WORST EARTHQUAKE IN LIBYAN HISTORY . FOR 15 SECONDS THE EARTH SHOOK, CRUMBLING BRICK-AND-PLASTER HOUSES AND MOSQUES INTO RUBBLE . SOME SURVIVORS WANDERED IN THE STREETS, WAILING IN ANGUISH AS THEY SEARCHED FOR RELATIVES AND FRIENDS . OTHERS HUDDLED DAZEDLY OVER FIRES IN THE OPEN FIELDS WHILE RAIN AND HEAVY WINDS MADE THE NIGHT MISERABLE, AND MORNING BROUGHT TWO MORE EARTH TREMORS . EL MARJ HAD LIVED THROUGH BOMBING AND BATTLES DURING WORLD WAR II AS BRITISH AND AXIS FORCES TOOK AND RETOOK THE TOWN . BUT THE QUAKE FLATTENED EL MARJ AS WAR NEVER DID . RESCUE WORKERS SAID THAT NOT A SINGLE HOUSE REMAINED HABITABLE, AND THE LIBYAN RED CRESCENT APPEALED FOR HELP TO THE INTERNATIONAL RED CROSS . THE U.S . AIR FORCE RUSHED PARAMEDICS AND TENTS FROM WHEELUS AIRBASE AT TRIPOLI, AND THE BRITISH FERRIED IN DOCTORS AND NURSES FROM THEIR BASE AT NEARBY BENGHAZI . AT WEEK'S END MORE THAN 200 BODIES HAD BEEN RECOVERED AND AN ESTIMATED 300500 STILL LAY BURIED IN THE RUINS . 
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MIDDLE EAST WHO'S WOOING WHO ? IN CAIRO, PRESIDENT GAMAL ABDEL NASSER ACTED LIKE AN EX-CHAMPION SEEKING A SUCCESSFUL COMEBACK . HE LOST MUCH OF HIS CLAIM FOR THE TITLE OF ARAB LEADERSHIP IN 1961, WHEN AN ARMY COUP WRENCHED SYRIA FROM ITS SHORT-LIVED MERGER WITH EGYPT IN THE UNITED ARAB REPUBLIC . THAT LEFT NASSER WITHOUT A SINGLE ARAB ALLY, AND SURROUNDED BY SUCH VIRULENT ENEMIES AS IRAQ'S DICTATOR KASSEM AND THE KINGS OF JORDAN AND SAUDI ARABIA . THEN CAME LAST MONTH'S IRAQI REVOLUTION AND THE OVERTHROW OF KASSEM . NO ONE COULD BLAME EGYPT'S LEADER FOR HARKING BACK TO OLD DREAMS OF ARAB GRANDEUR, FOR THIS NEW MAN IN BAGHDAD PRESIDENT ABDUL SALAM AREF WAS A FORMER NASSER PROTEGE DEDICATED TO PANARAB UNITY . TRIBUTE TO MOTHER . WITH THIS IN MIND, NASSER MOUNTED A PLATFORM IN CAIRO'S VAST REPUBLIC SQUARE LAST WEEK TO CELEBRATE THE FIFTH ANNIVERSARY OF HIS DEFUNCT UNITED ARAB REPUBLIC . STRINGS OF RAMADAN LIGHTS OUTLINED THE MOSQUES AND MINARETS, AND A CROWD OF 20,000 JAMMED THE SQUARE PROTECTED FROM THE COLD NIGHT AIR BY A SIWAN, A " HALL " ROOFED AND WALLED BY BRIGHTLY COLORED CANVAS . " UNION ! UNION ! UNION ! NASSER ! NASSER ! NASSER ! " ROARED THE MOB . WHAT IT GOT WAS A LITTLE LESS THAN NASSER HAD HOPED FOR . THE LEADERS OF THE IRAQI DELEGATION TO THE CELEBRATION, DEPUTY PREMIER ALI SALEH SAADI AND FOREIGN MINISTER TALIB HUSSEIN SHABIB, WERE CORDIAL ENOUGH, BUT THEY WERE FAR FROM SPECIFIC . SAADI DUTIFULLY PAID TRIBUTE TO EGYPT AS THE " MOTHER REPUBLIC " OF THE ARAB WORLD, BUT INSTEAD OF CALLING FOR UNION, HE URGED ONLY A /FRANK RAPPROCHEMENT " BETWEEN CAIRO AND BAGHDAD . WAS THIS ENOUGH SURE, CRIED NASSER IN HIS OWN SPEECH . TODAY, HE DECLARED / THERE IS A UNITY OF OBJECTIVES BETWEEN THE REVOLUTION IN BAGHDAD AND THE REVOLUTION IN CAIRO, " AND " WE DO NOT NEED TREATIES OR CONSTITUTIONAL FORMS TO PROVE THIS UNITY . " JAIL FOR THE DOG . IN BAGHDAD, NEW PRESIDENT AREF AND HIS COLLEAGUES WERE TOO BUSY LEARNING HOW TO RUN A COUNTRY TO PAY MUCH ATTENTION . THE SLAIN KASSEM, NOW DUBBED " THE MAD TYRANT, " HAD QUARRELED WITH ALL HIS NEIGHBORS . AREF WAS RESTORING TRADE RELATIONS WITH EGYPT, IMPORTS FROM LEBANON AND EXPORTS TO LITTLE KUWAIT, THE OIL-RICH PRINCIPALITY KASSEM ONCE TRIED TO TAKE OVER . TIDYING UP ANOTHER NATIONAL PROBLEM, AREF SENT A HELICOPTER NORTH TO PICK UP TWO DELEGATES OF THE KURDISH REBELS IN THE HOPE THAT HE MIGHT NEGOTIATE AN END TO THE BLOODY CIVIL WAR THAT HAS TIED UP HALF THE 75,000-MAN IRAQI ARMY ; HE EVEN MADE FRIENDLY OVERTURES TO THE U.S.-BRITISH CONTROLLED IRAQ PETROLEUM CO., WHICH KASSEM HAD ALIENATED . AS FOR THE COMMUNISTS OF BAGHDAD, THEY WERE STILL GOING INTO JAILS . THE RESULT WAS ONE OF THE BIGGEST SINGLE RED PROPAGANDA BARRAGES SINCE THE REDS CHARGED THE U.S . WITH USING GERM WARFARE IN KOREA . PRAVDA'S CORRESPONDENT CLAIMED, " I SAW TANKS CRUSH WOMEN AND CHILDREN, " AND REPORTED THE " PHYSICAL ANNIHILATION OF HUNDREDS, PERHAPS THOUSANDS, OF IRAQI DEMOCRATS AND PATRIOTS . " THE PRAVDA MAN WENT LOOKING FOR AZIZ SHARIF, A 1962 LENIN PEACE PRIZEWINNER AT THE OFFICE OF THE PEACE PARTISANS LEAGUE (A EUPHEMISM FOR RED MILITIA) . A SOLDIER ON GUARD AT THE OFFICE TOLD HIM, " THAT DOG HAS LONG SINCE BEEN JAILED . " THE SOVIET RED CROSS EVEN APPEALED TO THE INTERNATIONAL RED CROSS TO HELP PROTECT COMMUNISTS, WHOM IT PREFERRED TO CALL " THE DEMOCRATIC PATRIOTS VICTIMIZED BY BLOODY PERSECUTION IN IRAQ . " WHEN THE FIRST HECTIC DAYS WERE OVER, THE NOVICES WOULD GET AROUND TO ANSWERING GAMAL ABDEL NASSER'S CRY FOR UNION . AT WEEK'S END IRAQ'S THINKING WAS SUMMED UP BY FOREIGN MINISTER SHAHIB, WHO PROPOSED A JOINT MEETING OF THE FOUR " LIBERATED " ARAB STATES (IRAQ, EGYPT, YEMEN, ALGERIA) TO " COORDINATE WORK AMONG THEM IN VARIOUS FIELDS WITH A UNIONIST REVOLUTIONARY AND SOCIALIST TENDENCY . 
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LAOS AND THEN THERE WERE THREE IN THE EIGHT MONTHS SINCE THE 14-NATION GENEVA CONFERENCE ESTABLISHED LAOTIAN NEUTRALITY LAST SUMMER, NEUTRALIST PRINCE SOUVANNA PHOUMA'S LEFT-RIGHT-CENTER COALITION GOVERNMENT HAS DISPLAYED A REMARKABLE RECORD OF CONSISTENCY : IT HAS FAILED TO CARRY OUT ONE SINGLE PROVISION OF THE GENEVA ACCORDS . RENT BY INTERNAL DISSENSION, THE GOVERNMENT HAS BEEN UNABLE TO MAINTAIN A CEASE-FIRE, EVICT ALL FOREIGN MILITARY PERSONNEL FROM LAOS, INTEGRATE THE THREE MILITARY AND POLITICAL FACTIONS, OR HOLD FREE ELECTIONS . BUT THE SUPPOSEDLY " NEUTRALIST " GOVERNMENT HAS RECOGNIZED EVERY COUNTRY IN THE COMMUNIST BLOC, AND HAS DONE SO LITTLE TO HALT THE RAMPANT INFLATION THAT THE PRICE OF THE KIP HAS RISEN FROM 80 TO 180 PER DOLLAR . ON THE PLAINE DES JARRES, HEADQUARTERS OF BOTH THE NEUTRALIST AND COMMUNIST PATHET LAO ARMIES, THE REDS HAVE BEGUN A CAMPAIGN TO INFILTRATE AND SUBVERT THE FORCES OF THEIR ONETIME NEUTRALIST ALLIES . FARTHER NORTH, THOUSANDS OF RED CHINESE WORKERS HAVE CROSSED INTO LAOS TO BUILD ROADS LINKING CHINA'S YUNNAN PROVINCE WITH COMMUNIST-HELD AREAS OF LAOS ITSELF . ARMED WITH NEW RED CHINESE AUTOMATIC WEAPONS, THE PATHET LAO IS ATTACKING NEUTRALIST VILLAGES ON THE SUPPLY LINES BETWEEN THE PLAINE DES JARRES AND COMMUNIST NORTH VIET NAM TO THE EAST . MANY NEUTRALISTS HAVE OPENLY DEFECTED TO THE REDS, ADDING TO WESTERNERS' FEARS THAT LAOS IS GOING TO THE COMMUNISTS BY DEFAULT . THE REDS' PERSISTENT SUBVERSION IS ALIENATING THE TOP NEUTRALIST COMMANDERS, AND LAST WEEK AN OPEN SPLIT SEEMED A POSSIBILITY . WHILE SHOWING A MOVIE AT HIS HOUSE ON THE PLAINE DES JARRES, THE NEUTRALIST ARMY'S SECOND IN COMMAND, COLONEL KETSANA VONGSOUVANH, WAS SHOT IN THE BACK . AT KETSANA'S FUNERAL LAST WEEK, NEUTRALIST ARMY LEADER GENERAL KONG LE, WHO ONCE WORKED HAND IN GLOVE WITH THE PATHET LAO, MADE NO EFFORT TO CONCEAL HIS DISENCHANTMENT WITH HIS FORMER COHORTS . " THIS ODIOUS CRIME, " SAID KONG LE, " WAS THE WORK OF THOSE WHO ARE UNDER A FOREIGN INFLUENCE . " KONG LE RESTRICTED HIS TROOPS TO THEIR BASE, ORDERED THE PATHET LAO TO KEEP OUT OF NEUTRALIST ENCAMPMENTS . TOP NEUTRALIST OFFICERS WONDERED WHERE THE REDS WOULD STRIKE NEXT . ONE RECALLED THAT A RANKING PATHET LAO OFFICER TOLD HIM LAST FALL THAT THE COMMUNISTS HAD PLANS FOR KONG LE'S TOP FOUR SUBORDINATES . WE ARE GOING TO THOROUGHLY LIQUIDATE ALL FOUR OF YOU . " WITH KETSANA'S DEATH, THERE WAS ONE DOWN AND THREE TO GO . 
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NIGERIA NATION ON TRIAL IN 1960, WHEN NIGERIA WON ITS INDEPENDENCE, IT BECAME AT BIRTH THE WORLD'S MOST POPULOUS BLACK STATE AND AFRICA'S BIGGEST QUESTION MARK . HELD TOGETHER IN UNEASY FEDERATION, THE COUNTRY NUMBERED SOME 250 TRIBES AND LANGUAGES, THREE PRINCIPAL RELIGIONS (MOSLEM, CHRISTIAN, ANIMIST), AND THREE BIG, TRADITIONALLY HOSTILE REGIONS : THE FEUDAL, MOSLEM NORTH, WHICH CLAIMS HALF THE ENTIRE POPULATION OF NIGERIA ; THE EAST, DOMINATED BY THE ASTUTE, INDUSTRIOUS IBO TRIBES ; AND THE WEST, RICHEST AND MOST ADVANCED OF ALL THREE, WHOSE YORUBA TRIBESMEN ARE NIGERIA'S MOST SOPHISTICATED CITIZENS . AS BIG AS TEXAS AND OKLAHOMA COMBINED, WITH SOME 45 MILLION INHABITANTS GIVE OR TAKE 10 MILLION NIGERIA SEEMED LESS A NATION THAN A CONCATENATION, A HAPHAZARD CREATION OF BRITISH COLONISTS WHO RULED IT FOR 60 YEARS AND DUBBED IT THE " WHITE MAN'S GRAVE . " NIGERIA HAS SURVIVED TO BECOME AFRICA'S MOST CONSPICUOUSLY SUCCESSFUL DEMOCRACY . ITS BIRTH PANGS WERE EASED BY A LONG TRADITION OF TRIBAL GOVERNMENT, AND BY THE SOLID GOOD SENSE OF MANY AFRICAN LEADERS WHOM THE BRITISH GROOMED FOR SELF-RULE NOTABLY ITS FEDERAL PRIME MINISTER, SIR ABUBAKAR TAFAWA BALEWA (TIME COVER, DEC . 5, 1960) . THE GREATEST SINGLE ASSURANCE OF STABILITY HAS BEEN NIGERIA'S TRIPOD FORM OF GOVERNMENT, DESIGNED TO PREVENT ANY ONE REGION FROM DOMINATING THE OTHER TWO . THAT SYSTEM IS NOW IN JEOPARDY, AND WITH IT THE VERY FUTURE OF NIGERIA AS A DEMOCRACY AND AS A NATION . POLITICAL PLAY ? NIGERIA'S COMPLEX CRISIS IS BEING PLAYED OUT IN THE SCRUPULOUSLY DECOROUS HIGH COURT IN THE FEDERAL CAPITAL OF LAGOS . THERE, IN THE COURSE OF A TRIAL THAT HAS DRAGGED ON FOR FOUR MONTHS, THE LEADER OF THE OPPOSITION, OBAFEMI AWOLOWO, LAST WEEK OPENED HIS OWN DEFENSE AGAINST A GOVERNMENT INDICTMENT CHARGING HIM AND 24 OTHER LEADING POLITICIANS WITH CONSPIRACY TO OVERTHROW THE GOVERNMENT . NEARLY ALL THE DEFENDANTS ARE MEMBERS OF AWOLOWO'S ACTION GROUP, THE PARTY THAT RULES WESTERN NIGERIA AND REPRESENTS IT IN THE FEDERAL PARLIAMENT . CHIEF AWOLOWO IS NOT ALONE IN BRANDING THE TRIAL A POLITICAL PLAY TO WRECK HIS PARTY AND ELIMINATE THE OPPOSITION . THE CRISIS WAS ACTUALLY PRECIPITATED BY AWOLOWO, 54, A MERCURIAL, LONDON-TRAINED BARRISTER WHO BECAME OPPOSITION LEADER IN LAGOS WHEN HIS PARTY LOST THE 1959 FEDERAL ELECTIONS . AWOLOWO THEN RANGED HIS PEOPLE FIRMLY AGAINST THE MIDDLE-ROAD COALITION GOVERNMENT, COMPOSED OF THE CONSERVATIVE NORTHERN PEOPLE'S CONGRESS (NPC), SUPPORTED BY THE PROUD, PRIMITIVE FULANI AND HAUSA TRIBES OF THE NORTH, AND THE PROGRESSIVE NATIONAL CONVENTION OF NIGERIAN CITIZENS (NCNC), WHICH IS BASED IN THE EAST . SMASHED MACE . CHIEF SAMUEL L . AKINTOLA, WHO BECAME DEPUTY LEADER OF THE ACTION GROUP AND WESTERN REGION PREMIER, LAST MAY REBELLED AGAINST AWOLOWO'S POLICIES, WAS SACKED AS DEPUTY LEADER AND DISMISSED AS THE WEST'S PREMIER (HE WAS LATER REINSTATED BY COURT ORDER) . AWOLOWO'S HIGH-HANDED REPRISALS LED TO A CHAIRTHROWING MELEE IN THE WESTERN REGION ASSEMBLY AT IBADAN IN WHICH THE CEREMONIAL MACE WAS SHATTERED AND THE POLITICIANS SUBDUED WITH TEAR GAS . SEIZING THEIR CHANCE TO QUASH THE OPPOSITION, RIVAL PARTY BOSSES IN LAGOS PERSUADED THE RELUCTANT SIR ABUBAKAR TO DISPATCH FEDERAL FORCES TO THE WEST AND DECLARE A STATE OF EMERGENCY THAT WAS LIFTED ONLY AT YEAR'S END . THE GOVERNMENT ALSO INITIATED AN EXHAUSTIVE INVESTIGATION OF REGIONAL AND PARTY FINANCES, CHARGED AWOLOWO AND OTHER PARTY CHIEFTAINS WITH DIVERTING $18 MILLION IN PUBLIC FUNDS . ON TOP OF THE CORRUPTION SCANDALS, THE GOVERNMENT LAST NOVEMBER FILED ITS SENSATIONAL INDICTMENT ACCUSING AWOLOWO OF SENDING AGENTS TO GHANA FOR PARA-MILITARY TRAINING AS TERRORISTS IN A PLOT TO SEIZE POWER IN LAGOS . UNIVERSAL DASH . CHIEF AWOLOWO LAST WEEK SCORNFULLY TERMED " ABSOLUTELY UNRELIABLE AND INCREDIBLE " THE PROSECUTION'S CHARGES THAT HE HAD CONSPIRED TO " LEVY WAR " AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT . " TODAY, " HE SAID DEFIANTLY, " I MAY BE LANGUISHING IN PRISON . I AM NOT GOING TO DIE THERE . I STILL BELIEVE I WILL BE PRIME MINISTER SOME DAY . / AS FOR THE CORRUPTION CHARGES, AWOLOWO'S SUPPORTERS ARGUE THAT MALFEASANCE IS NO LESS RIFE IN THE OTHER REGIONS . THEY ARE PROBABLY QUITE RIGHT . " DASH, " AS NIGERIANS CHEERFULLY CALL THEIR RITUALISTIC SYSTEM OF PAYOFFS, IS SO UNIVERSAL THAT MANY TRAFFIC COPS HAVE A FIXED BRIBE FOR EVERY VIOLATION (RUNNING A RED LIGHT COSTS 28 #$ ), AND HOSPITAL NURSES SOMETIMES DEMAND A PENNY FOR BRINGING A PATIENT A BEDPAN . MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT, WHOSE CADILLACS AND MERCEDESES HELP MAKE LAGOS TRAFFIC JAMS AMONG THE WORST IN AFRICA, EARN MORE ($17,000 INCLUDING EXPENSES) THAN BRITISH M.P.S, BUT MANY MANAGE TO EKE OUT THE COST OF LIVING ON IKOYI ISLAND WITH A LITTLE HELP FROM FOREIGN INDUSTRIALISTS AND LOCAL ENTREPRENEURS . " NIGERIAN BUSINESSMEN, " SAYS A EUROPEAN BANKER IN LAGOS, " ARE THE BIGGEST BUNCH OF CON MEN I'VE EVER SEEN . " FOR ALL THEIR SURFACE CYNICISM, NIGERIANS BY CONTRAST WITH MOST THIN-SKINNED CITIZENS OF AFRICA'S NEW NATIONS ARE SEARCHINGLY SELF-CRITICAL AND TAKE FIERCE PRIDE IN THEIR EXUBERANTLY UNINHIBITED PRESS . YOUNGER POLITICIANS IN ALL THE PARTIES ARE INCREASINGLY DISILLUSIONED BY THE FLAGRANT VENALITY OF THEIR ELDERS AND THE CHASM THAT DIVIDES LAGOS' DOYENS OF DASH FROM THE JOBLESS HORDES WHO HAVE SWARMED INTO ITS FESTERING SLUMS AND ALMOST TREBLED THE CITY'S POPULATION (TO 750,000) IN THREE DECADES . THE BEST GUARANTEE . MANY YOUNG NIGERIANS DERIDE THE GOVERNMENT'S FAITH IN PRIVATE ENTERPRISE, AND IN INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS THEY ARE OPENLY IMPATIENT WITH THE INCORRUPTIBLE SIR ABUBAKAR'S PRAGMATIC, UNPRETENTIOUS AND RATHER OLD-FASHIONED STYLE . AS AFRICA'S MOST POPULOUS NATION, THEY ARGUE, NIGERIA IS THE CONTINENT'S LOGICAL LEADER . " WHEN YOU'RE IN ACCRA, " COMPLAINS A LAGOS NEWSMAN, " YOU CANNOT HELP FEELING THAT YOU'RE AT THE CENTER OF PAN-AFRICAN ACTIVITY . WHY DON'T WE GET REFUGEES FROM OTHER PARTS OF AFRICA ? " IF THE ACTION GROUP IS DESTROYED BY THE TREASON TRIAL, MANY NIGERIANS BELIEVE, A NEW, RADICAL PARTY WILL HAVE TO TAKE ITS PLACE OR ELSE THE NATION'S RESTIVE LEFTWINGERS MAY WELL RESORT TO REAL VIOLENCE . MEANWHILE, THOUGH PREMIER AKINTOLA HAS ALREADY FORMED A NEW,MODERATE MOVEMENT IN THE WEST CALLED THE UNITED PEOPLE'S PARTY, THE VACUUM LEFT BY THE ACTION GROUP MAY BE FILLED BY THE NCNC, WHOSE LONGTIME BOSS, DR . NNAMDI ( " ZIK " ) AZIKIWE, IS MORE OR LESS REMOVED FROM ACTIVE POLITICS IN HIS POST AS NIGERIA'S GOVERNOR-GENERAL . BUT AMBITIOUS, FLAMBOYANT ZIK MAKES NO SECRET OF HIS AIM TO MAKE NIGERIA A REPUBLIC, IN WHICH NCNC COULD EMERGE AS THE DOMINANT NATIONAL PARTY AND ZIK HIMSELF MIGHT WELL BE A STRONG PRESIDENT.MANY NIGERIANS, SHOCKED BY THE GOVERNMENT'S SEVEN-MONTH SUSPENSION OF CIVIL RIGHTS, NOW FEAR THAT A SINGLE, POWERFUL PARTY MAY BE TEMPTED TO IMPOSE THE KIND OF AUTHORITARIAN RULE THAT HAS BEEN RIVETED ON GHANA AND GUINEA . THE GOVERNMENT'S MOST IMMEDIATE CONCERN IS THAT THE COUNTRY'S CURRENT SCANDALS WILL MAR ITS REPUTATION FOR STABILITY AND SCARE AWAY THE FOREIGN INVESTORS ON WHOM IT IS COUNTING FOR AT LEAST 50 PER CENT OF THE FINANCING FOR THE $1.9 BILLION, SIX-YEAR DEVELOPMENT PLAN IT LAUNCHED LAST YEAR . TO SIR ABUBAKAR, THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC PROGRESS THIS WILL ENSURE IS THE BEST GUARANTEE OF MEANINGFUL NATIONHOOD FOR NIGERIA . 
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THE ALLIES THE NATO DETERRENT ALMOST AS OLD AS NATO ITSELF IS THE " DISARRAY " THAT SEEMS TO HAUNT ITS COUNCILS . YET ALLIED DIFFERENCES ARE NOT SO MUCH SYMPTOMS OF ANY DEEP-ROOTED DISUNITY AS THE RESULT OF NATO'S MILITARY EFFECTIVENESS . BECAUSE THEY KNOW THAT THEY ARE SECURE BEHIND THE U.S . NUCLEAR SHIELD, FEW EUROPEAN NATIONS ARE EAGER TO BUILD UP CONVENTIONAL FORCES FOR WHICH THEY SEE LITTLE USE . AT THE SAME TIME, AS THEY HAVE GROWN MORE POWERFUL AND PROSPEROUS, EUROPEANS HAVE COME TO QUESTION TOTAL U.S . CONTROL OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS FOR THE FORESEEABLE FUTURE . THUS DEPENDENCE BREEDS MISTRUST . CHARLES DE GAULLE IS NOT THE ONLY EUROPEAN TO FEAR THAT THE U.S . CANNOT BE COUNTED UPON TO RISK DESTRUCTION OF ITS CITIES IF RUSSIA WERE TO ATTACK WESTERN EUROPE DESPITE REPEATED U.S . ASSURANCES OF ITS LONG-TERM STRATEGIC COMMITMENT TO EUROPE, AND HEEDLESS OF THE FACT THAT 400,000 G.I.S ON THE CONTINENT ARE A PERMANENT U.S . HOSTAGE TO EUROPE'S SECURITY . YET NEITHER FRANCE'S EMBRYONIC FORCE DE FRAPPE NOR BRITAIN'S NEAR-OBSOLETE V-BOMBER STRIKE FORCE CARRIES SUFFICIENT PUNCH TO DETER, LET ALONE DEFEAT, AN AGGRESSOR . FINE WATCHES . LAST WEEK, IN AN ATTEMPT TO SOOTHE EUROPE'S RESTIVENESS BY GIVING ITS ALLIES GREATER RESPONSIBILITY FOR THEIR OWN SECURITY, THE U.S . MADE ITS MOST SERIOUS PITCH YET TO SHARE THE PLANNING AND CONTROL OF ATOMIC WEAPONS IN EUROPE WITH EUROPEANS THEMSELVES . BEFORE NATO'S 15MEMBER PERMANENT COUNCIL IN PARIS, PRESIDENT KENNEDY'S SPECIAL ENVOY, LIVINGSTON MERCHANT, PROPOSED CREATION OF A MULTINATIONAL NUCLEAR DETERRENT CONSISTING OF A FLEET OF SURFACE SHIPS EQUIPPED WITH THE U.S . POLARIS MISSILE . KEY PROVISION OF THE PLAN IS THAT THE SHIPS WOULD BE " MULTIMANNED, " I.E., THEIR CREWS WOULD BE DRAWN FROM EVERY NATO NATION THAT WOULD BE WILLING TO HELP FOOT THE BILL . COST OF THE INTERNATIONAL TASK FORCE WOULD BE ABOUT $2 BILLION FOR 200 MISSILES AND THEIR FLOATING LAUNCH PADS ; IT WOULD TAKE AT LEAST THREE YEARS TO BUILD, ABOUT HALF AS MUCH IN TIME AND MONEY AS IT WOULD TAKE TO CREATE A MULTINATIONAL NUCLEAR POLARIS SUBMARINE FLEET . ORIGINALLY, IN FACT, THE U.S . HAD HASTILY SUGGESTED THAT MULTI-MANNED, MULTINATIONAL POLARIS SUBMARINES MIGHT BE A LOGICAL PROGRESSION FROM THE INDEPENDENT POLARIS SUBS THAT BRITAIN HAS AGREED TO BUILD (BUT HAS COMMITTED TO NATO) . APART FROM THE COST, HOWEVER, CONGRESS HAS ALREADY INDICATED THAT IT IS DEAD SET AGAINST GIVING U.S . ALLIES THE COMPONENTS OR KNOW-HOW TO BUILD THE SUBMARINES . MOREOVER, OLD NAVAL HANDS ARE AGHAST AT THE PROSPECT OF MANNING SUBMARINES WITH CREWS OF MIXED NATIONALITIES . WARNED A WEST GERMAN NAVAL EXPERT LAST WEEK : " SUB CREWS ARE THE FINE WATCHES OF NAVAL WARFARE . THERE CAN BE NO ROOM FOR MISUNDERSTANDING . / FORCE OR FARCE ? AS FOR WHOSE FINGER WILL BE ON THE TRIGGER OF THE NEW SURFACE FLEET, THE U.S . AGREES THAT EACH PARTICIPATING ALLY WILL HAVE AN EQUAL VETO . FOR ALL THE ARGUMENT IT PROVOKES, HOWEVER, THE QUESTION OF CONTROL IS LARGELY ACADEMIC ; THE FINGERS WOULD BE UNANIMOUS . " DO YOU REALLY BELIEVE THAT EUROPE WILL WANT TO SHOOT THIS THING OFF WITHOUT BEING SURE THAT THE MAJOR U.S . FORCE WOULD BE USED ? " ASKED A U.S . STRATEGIST . " CONSIDERING IT AS A SECOND STRIKE FORCE, THE SEMANTICS OF VOTING BECOMES IRRELEVANT . / SEVEN NATO PARTNERS BRITAIN, BELGIUM, ITALY, GREECE, THE NETHERLANDS, TURKEY, WEST GERMANY WERE IMMEDIATELY RECEPTIVE TO MERCHANT'S PROPOSAL . WEST GERMANY EXPRESSED THE WARMEST INTEREST ; THE BRITISH LOOKED ON THE SCHEME WITH " MILD BENEVOLENCE . " BUT ALL SEVEN WANTED TO HEAR MORE ABOUT IT, AND ALLOWED THAT THE PRICE WAS HIGH AND THE PAYOFF DISTANT . MEANWHILE, ALL BUT A FRACTION OF THE EXISTING WESTERN ATOMIC STOCKPILE WOULD REMAIN UNDER U.S . LOCK AND KEY . THE PROPOSAL WAS COLDLY RECEIVED IN FRANCE, WHERE THE GAULLIST DAILY LA NATION EVEN DUBBED THE PROSPECT OF A MULTILATERAL FORCE " LA FARCE MULTILATERALE . / IF THE POLARIS PLAN HAD BEEN TOUTED AS A SIGNIFICANT BOOST TO THE WEST'S DETERRENT, THE GIBE MIGHT HAVE BEEN JUSTIFIED . AS IT WAS, THE JOKE FELL FLAT BECAUSE A JOINTLY MANNED, JOINTLY FINANCED ARMADA MAY ACTUALLY OFFER SOLID BENEFITS FOR BOTH THE U.S . AND EUROPE . ARTS COURSE . FOR THE FIRST TIME, A MULTINATIONAL DETERRENT WOULD ALLOW EUROPEANS TO COLLABORATE WITH THE U.S . FROM SCRATCH IN TARGETING, CONTINGENCY PLANNING AND CONTROL OF ATOMIC WEAPONS ; IT WOULD SATISFY THEIR ACUTE DESIRE FOR ATOMIC KNOWHOW BY GIVING THEM A THOROUGH EDUCATION IN COMPLEX TECHNOLOGICAL AND FINANCIAL NUCLEAR REALITIES . FOR BOTH SIDES, IT WOULD PROVIDE AN ADDED, SUBSTANTIAL TOKEN OF U.S . DETERMINATION TO REMAIN IN EUROPE AND DEFEND ITS ALLIES WITH THE ULTIMATE WEAPON, IF NECESSARY . SAYS A U.S . DEFENSE PLANNER : " THIS IS ONE THING THAT CAN PUT GLUE IN THE ALLIANCE . " AS MERCHANT PREPARED TO LEAVE PARIS THIS WEEK FOR A SERIES OF BRIEFINGS ON THE PLAN IN ROME, BRUSSELS, BONN AND LONDON, ANOTHER U.S . DIPLOMAT POINTED OUT AN EVEN GREATER INCENTIVE TO PARTICIPATE : " THOSE NATIONS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO THIS FORCE WILL KNOW MORE ABOUT THE MISSILE ARTS IN A YEAR THAN THE FRENCH DO . / 
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FRANCE THE PERSONAL TOUCH AS OTHER EUROPEANS RAILED AGAINST CHARLES DE GAULLE'S VISION OF A FRENCH-LED EUROPE, MANY FRENCHMEN LAST WEEK WERE UNEASILY CONTEMPLATING DE GAULLE'S INFLUENCE ON THEIR OWN SOCIETY . SINCE THE NOVEMBER ELECTION TURNED THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY INTO A VIRTUAL ANNEXE OF THE ELYSEE PALACE, DE GAULLE HAS RULED WITH LITTLE PARLIAMENTARY CRITICISM AND WITH ONLY MUTED RUMBLINGS FROM FRANCE'S ONCE RAMBUNCTIOUS PRESS . IT HAS BECOME CLEAR THAT LE GRAND CHARLES HAS ESTABLISHED A PERSONAL REGIME IN WHICH, THOUGH IT IS NOT REMOTELY SO AUTOCRATIC A GOVERNMENT AS THAT OF FRANCISCO FRANCO, ALMOST ANY POTENTIAL CONTROVERSY IS SIMILARLY QUELLED BY THE GOVERNMENT LEST IT BE INTERPRETED ABROAD AS A DIRECT EXPRESSION OF NATIONAL POLICIES . WITH VIRTUALLY UNLIMITED POWERS UNDER FRANCE'S EMERGENCY LAWS, DE GAULLE'S GOVERNMENT IN RECENT MONTHS HAS : CANCELED THE SHOWING OF A TV DOCUMENTARY TO MARK THE 20TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE BATTLE OF STALINGRAD . PREPARED BY THE STATE-OWNED TV NETWORK, THE FILM INCLUDED A TIRADE BY NIKITA KHRUSHCHEV THAT, IN THE GOVERNMENT'S WORDS, WAS " VIOLENTLY HOSTILE TO WEST GERMANY AND TO THE POLICY OF FRANCO-GERMAN RAPPROCHEMENT . " SAME WEEK, ANOTHER DOCUMENTARY MOVIE, DEATH IN MADRID, CONSISTING MOSTLY OF STOCK SHOTS TAKEN DURING THE 1936 SPANISH CIVIL WAR, WAS DENIED A LICENSE FOR EXHIBITION IN FRANCE OR ABROAD PRESUMABLY FOR FEAR OF OFFENDING FRANCO . ORDERED THE PARIS OPERA TO CANCEL A PERFORMANCE BY RUDOLF NUREYEV, A RUSSIAN BALLET DANCER WHO DEFECTED TO THE WEST IN 1961 . THOUGH NUREYEV HAS ALREADY DANCED IN PARIS, LONDON AND NEW YORK, THE FRENCH GOVERNMENT PLAINLY FELT THAT HIS APPEARANCE IN PARIS WOULD BE AN AFFRONT TO NIKITA KHRUSHCHEV . CONFISCATED NEARLY 75,000 COPIES OF A NOVEL, HIGH COURT, IN WHICH RIGHT-WING AUTHOR ALFRED FABRE-LUCE GIVES A FICTIONAL ACCOUNT OF A FUTURE TRIAL OF DE GAULLE AS IT MIGHT BE CONDUCTED IF HE WERE IMPEACHED BY THE SENATE . THE GOVERNMENT'S OBJECT THIS TIME WAS TO AVOID OFFENSE TO CHARLES DE GAULLE HIMSELF . SOME OF THE GOVERNMENT'S REPRESSIONS ARE EXPLICABLE AS INTERNATIONAL BACKSCRATCHING . DE GAULLE'S INCREASING AMIABILITY TOWARD SPAIN HAS BEEN REWARDED BY FRANCO'S JAILING OF SIX TOP ANTI-GAULLIST TERRORISTS WHO WERE HIDING OUT IN SPAIN . BANNING THE STALINGRAD SHOW MAY JUST POSSIBLY HAVE BEEN REPAID LAST WEEK WHEN GERMAN POLICE FAILED TO PREVENT MYSTERIOUS FRENCH AGENTS IN MUNICH FROM KIDNAPING A TOP S.A.O . LEADER, ANTOINE ARGOUD (SEE BELOW) . BUT IT SEEMED UNLIKELY THAT KHRUSHCHEV WOULD CARE GREATLY IF NUREYEV DANCED IN PARIS, OR THAT ADENAUER WOULD OBJECT TO BEING DAMNED BY NIKITA ON TV . ON THE OTHER HAND, WHEN A GOVERNMENT IS NOT SUBJECT TO CENSURE OR LEGAL REDRESS, WHO EXPECTS LOGIC ? 
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FRANCE L'AFFAIRE ARGOUD A WOMAN CUSTOMER LISTENED IDLY ONE AFTERNOON LAST WEEK WHILE A THICKSET, SOMBERLY DRESSED STRANGER USED THE PUBLIC TELEPHONE AT LA ESMERALDA CAFE, ACROSS THE SQUARE FROM PARIS' NOTRE-DAME CATHEDRAL . " THIS IS THE S.A.O., " HE BARKED . " YES, THE S.A.O . WE'RE GIVING YOU ARGOUD . HE BETRAYED US, BUNGLED ALL THE JOBS HE WAS SUPPOSED TO ORGANIZE, PARTICULARLY THE PETIT-CLAMART AFFAIR . YOU CAN TAKE DELIVERY OF HIM NOW . HE'S IN A BLUE TRUCK IN THE ALLEY OPPOSITE NOTRE-DAME . " MINUTES AFTER THE MAN HUNG UP AND STRODE OUT, THE SQUARE DE L'ARCHEVECHE STARTED FILLING WITH FRENCH POLICE . JUST AS THE MAN SAID, A SMALL DELIVERY TRUCK WAS PARKED IN THE ALLEY, AND INSIDE IT THE GENDARMES FOUND A GAGGED, TRUSSED, MIDDLEAGED MAN . LIFTING THE BLINDFOLD, A COP PEERED AT THE BATTERED, BLOODY FACE AND NODDED : " IT LOOKS LIKE ARGOUD . " FASCHING FRAWL . EVER SINCE APRIL 1961, EX-COLONEL ANTOINE-CHARLES-LOUIS-MARIE ARGOUD, 48, HAD BEEN ONE OF THE TERRORIST SECRET ARMY ORGANIZATION'S TOP LEADERS . EARLIER, AS A SECTOR COMMANDER IN ALGERIA, HE WAS FAMED FOR HIS USE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE TACTICS AGAINST THE REBEL F.L.N . AN ARGOUD SPECIALTY : EXHIBITING IN THE STREETS BODIES OF EXECUTED MOSLEM PRISONERS AS A WARNING . AFTER LEAVING ALGERIA, HE GREW A BEARD AND SHUTTLED ANONYMOUSLY BETWEEN ITALY, GERMANY AND SWITZERLAND . ARGOUD HAD ALREADY BEEN SENTENCED TO DEATH IN ABSENTIA FOR HIS PART IN THE 1961 GENERALS' PUTSCH, AND, AS A MEMBER OF THE DIEHARD COUNCIL OF NATIONAL RESISTANCE, IS BELIEVED TO HAVE ORDERED THE ATTEMPTED ASSASSINATION OF DE GAULLE AT PETIT-CLAMART, OUTSIDE PARIS, LAST YEAR . SOON AFTER THE PARIS PRESS HEADLINED THE STORY OF THE ARREST, L'AFFAIRE ARGOUD WAS TURNED INTO A FIRST-RATE INTERNATIONAL WHODUNIT BY THE OWNER OF MUNICH'S HOTEL EDEN WOLFF, WHO SAID THAT THE S.A.O . LEADER HAD CHECKED IN THERE THE PREVIOUS NIGHT . THREE HOURS AFTER HE HAD REGISTERED, SAID THE HOTELMAN, TWO MEN ENTERED THE LOBBY AND SENT A NOTE UP TO HIS ROOM . ARGOUD CAME DOWN AND SPOKE TO HIS VISITORS, WHO SHOWED HIM SOMETHING . ALL THREE STARTED OUT THE DOOR TOGETHER, BUT THEN ARGOUD TRIED TO PULL AWAY . THE OTHER TWO GRABBED HIM, HAULED HIM OUT TO THE STREET, KNOCKED HIM DOWN, THREW HIM INTO AN AUTO AND DROVE AWAY . AT THE HEIGHT OF MUNICH'S RIOTOUS PRE-LENTEN CELEBRATIONS, ANY POLICEMAN MIGHT HAVE SHRUGGED IT OFF AS JUST ANOTHER FASCHING BRAWL . LEGENDARY BEARDS . AS THEY READ THE HEADLINES, PARISIANS BEGAN TO QUESTION THE OFFICIAL VERSION THAT ARGOUD HAD BEEN BETRAYED BY THE S.A.O . HOW HAD HE BEEN SMUGGLED FROM GERMANY INTO FRANCE ? WAS THE PHONE CALL REALLY FROM AN S.A.O . MAN ? COULD PIERRE CHATEAU-JOBERT, THOUGH SUPPOSED TO BE ARGOUD'S RIVAL FOR LEADERSHIP OF THE FOUNDERING S.A.O., REALLY HAVE BETRAYED A COMRADE IN THIS WAY ? THE NEWSPAPERS PLUNGED GLEEFULLY INTO THE GUESSING GAME : ARGOUD, THEY SAID, HAD BEEN CAPTURED BY LES BARBOUZES (THE BEARDED ONES), THE LEGENDARY TRIGGERMEN OF THE FRENCH SECRET SERVICES . IT WAS SPECULATED THAT THE ESMERALDA PHONE CALL WAS SIMPLY THE GOVERNMENT'S WAY OF ESTABLISHING AN ALIBI AFTER ITS AGENTS HAD ILLEGALLY KIDNAPED ARGOUD IN GERMANY . ARGOUD'S ATTORNEY POINTEDLY CITED TWO SIMILAR " ILLEGAL " KIDNAPINGS : THAT OF ADOLF EICHMANN BY THE ISRAELIS AND, EVEN MORE TO THE POINT, THAT OF THE EMIGRE DUKE D'ENGHIEN, WHO, SUSPECTED OF PLOTTING AGAINST NAPOLEON, WAS SNATCHED IN GERMANY BY FRENCH POLICE AND THEN TRIED AND EXECUTED . WHATEVER THE TRUTH OF THE MATTER, PARISIANS AGREED THAT L'AFFAIRE ARGOUD WAS TRULY ROCAMBOLESQUE, INCREDIBLE . TO CAP IT, POLICE LAST WEEK ROUNDED UP NINE OTHER S.A.O . MEN IN A PARIS APARTMENT, CHARGED THEM WITH HAVING PLANNED (THOUGH THEY FAILED EVEN TO ATTEMPT) THE ASSASSINATION OF PREMIER GEORGES POMPIDOU LAST YEAR . ARGOUD'S ARREST HAD ANOTHER RESULT : IT CAUSED A ONE-DAY ADJOURNMENT IN THE TRIAL OF NINE DEFENDANTS (TIME, FEB . 22) ACCUSED OF BEING PART OF THE GANG THAT TRIED TO KILL DE GAULLE AT PETIT-CLAMART . MEANWHILE, THE GOVERNMENT WILL SEEK TO ESTABLISH THAT ARGOUD WAS A MEMBER OF THE COUNCIL OF NATIONAL RESISTANCE, WHICH ORDERED THE AMBUSH AT PETIT-CLAMART, AND THE REST OF FRANCE WILL KEEP GUESSING WHO ACCOMPLISHED ARGOUD'S CAPTURE . 
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INDIA DATE WITH DESAI TO INDIA'S ABLE FINANCE MINISTER MORARJI DESAI, AUSTERITY IS A WAY OF LIFE . NOT ONLY IS HE A VEGETARIAN AND A TEETOTALER WHO FASTS FOR A DAY AND A HALF EVERY WEEK, BUT HE IS ALSO A HARDHEADED FISCAL CONSERVATIVE WHO DERIDES PIE-IN-THE-SKY WELFARE SCHEMES AND IS AN ARDENT BELIEVER IN PAY-AS-YOU-GO FINANCING . LAST WEEK DESAI PRESENTED THE INDIAN PARLIAMENT WITH AN AUSTERITY BUDGET THAT WILL PUT THE ENTIRE NATION ON THE DESAI STANDARD . TO FINANCE INDIA'S HERCULEAN TASK OF EQUIPPING ITS ARMED FORCES AGAINST THE CONTINUING THREAT OF CHINESE AGGRESSION, DESAI BOOSTED THE BUDGET BY A STAGGERING 33 PER CENT TO A RECORD $3.8 BILLION ; DEFENSE EXPENDITURES ALONE JUMPED 70 PER CENT, TO $1.8 BILLION . BUT DESAI REFUSED TO SQUEEZE THE MONEY OUT OF THE GOVERNMENT'S COSTLY FIVE-YEAR PLAN OR EVEN TO RELY ON LARGE-SCALE DEFICIT FINANCING . THE COST WILL BE BORNE BY INDIA'S POPULATION WHOSE PER CAPITA INCOME LAST YEAR WAS $69 . PERSONAL INCOME TAXES IN THE LOWER BRACKETS WILL BE INCREASED AS MUCH AS 450 PER CENT . IMPORT DUTIES ON MOST RAW MATERIALS, MACHINERY AND MANUFACTURED GOODS WILL BE BOOSTED FROM 15 PER CENT TO 55 PER CENT . ALL OF INDIA'S TAXPAYERS WILL HAVE TO DEPOSIT UP TO 3 PER CENT OF THEIR AFTER-TAX INCOMES IN GOVERNMENT SAVINGS ACCOUNTS ; BUSINESSES WHOSE AFTER-TAX INCOMES EXCEED 6 PER CENT OF THEIR CAPITAL VALUE MUST PAY A 50 PER CENT TAX ON ALL SUBSEQUENT PROFITS . ALL BASIC HOUSEHOLD GOODS, CLOTH, FOOD AND COOKING FUELS WILL BE HIT WITH NEW TAXES . ONLY EXCEPTIONS : SUGAR, SHOES, RICE AND MATCHES . ADVERSE REACTION TO THE BUDGET WAS SURPRISINGLY MILD . SOME BUSINESSMEN PROTESTED THAT DESAI COULD HAVE EASED THE TAX BURDEN BY SLASHING UNNECESSARY GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES ; OTHERS POINTED OUT THAT INDIA MIGHT HAVE BEEN SPARED THE CRUSHING NEW TAXES IF THE GOVERNMENT HAD SPENT ENOUGH MONEY IN THE PAST TO HAVE MADE A MORE CREDITABLE SHOWING AGAINST THE CHINESE . GRUMBLED ONE : " THIS IS A HIGH PRICE TO PAY FOR LADAKH EVEN ASSUMING WE DO GET IT BACK . " BUT MOST INDIANS CLOSED RANKS BEHIND DESAI . SAID ONE GOVERNMENT OFFICIAL : " THE BUDGET IS THE CLEAREST ANSWER YET GIVEN BY AN ASIAN DEMOCRACY TO COMMUNIST EXPANSION . / 
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DENMARK CUTTING BACK WITH KRAG NO ASCETIC IS DENMARK'S PREMIER JENS OTTO KRAG, 48 . A DASHING DANE WITH A NOSE FOR OPPORTUNITY AND AN EYE FOR PRETTY WOMEN, HE HAS BEEN MARRIED TWICE : FIRST TO SWEDISH ACTRESS BIRGIT TENGROTH, CURRENTLY TO DANISH MOVIE STAR HELLE VIRKNER, WHO HAS BEEN NAMED AS ONE OF EUROPE'S TEN MOST ATTRACTIVE WOMEN . IN COPENHAGEN LAST WEEK, AFTER ONLY SIX MONTHS IN OFFICE, KRAG FACED HIS SUPREME POLITICAL TEST WHEN HE INTRODUCED INTO PARLIAMENT A COMPLEX SERIES OF MEASURES THAT WILL 1) EXTEND ALL UNION CONTRACTS FOR TWO YEARS, THUS LIMITING WAGE INCREASES ; 2) FIX MAXIMUM PRICES OF ALL CONSUMER GOODS EXCEPT FISH AND FARM PRODUCTS ; AND 3) COMPEL ALL TAXPAYERS TO BUY UP TO $290 IN 4 PER CENT BONDS THAT CANNOT BE REDEEMED FOR FIVE YEARS . A TRAINED ECONOMIST, KRAG INSISTED THAT HIS DRACONIAN MEASURES ARE ESSENTIAL ; MORE THAN ANY OTHER NATION IN EUROPE, DENMARK HAD STAKED ITS ECONOMIC FUTURE ON JOINING THE COMMON MARKET ALONG WITH BRITAIN . WHEN DE GAULLE BLACKBALLED BRITAIN'S MEMBERSHIP, FRANCE'S PRESIDENT SHREWDLY PROMISED DENMARK IMMEDIATE ADMISSION . KRAG'S REPLY WAS SHARP AND TO THE POINT : " WE HAVE NO WISH TO BE ONE OF PRESIDENT DE GAULLE'S PIECES IN THE POLITICAL CHESS GAME WITH BRITAIN . IT IS IMPORTANT THAT WE KEEP OUR TWO MAJOR CUSTOMERS, BRITAIN AND WEST GERMANY, INSIDE THE SAME ORGANIZATION . IT MUST BE OUR PURPOSE IN ALL FIELDS TO SEE THAT NEGOTIATIONS FOR A UNIFIED EUROPE GO ON . " BUT KRAG'S LOYALTY TO HIS FRIENDS ABROAD HARDLY ALLAYED HIS HEADACHES AT HOME . RACKED BY SEVERE INFLATION, DENMARK LAST YEAR SAW ITS TRADE DEFICIT DANGEROUSLY INCREASED TO $486 MILLION, WHILE ITS CURRENCY RESERVES WERE CUT IN HALF . IN THE LAST FOUR YEARS, DANISH WAGES HAVE RISEN 40 PER CENT , PRODUCTION LESS THAN 20 PER CENT . THE STRINGENT NEW ECONOMIC PROGRAM DREW ANGUISHED CRIES FROM EMPLOYERS AND THE POLITICAL OPPOSITION, BUT KRAG CURTLY REJECTED THE TRADITIONAL DANISH COMPROMISE . KRAG'S COALITION GOVERNMENT CAN UNDOUBTEDLY SQUEEZE THE BILL THROUGH PARLIAMENT BY ITS USUAL ONE-VOTE MAJORITY, AND THE DANES WILL HAVE TO TIGHTEN THEIR BELTS FOR YEARS OF AUSTERITY AHEAD . 
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SOUTH KOREA OVER TO YOU, GENTLEMEN TO ALL OUTWARD APPEARANCES, SOUTH KOREA'S RULING MILITARY JUNTA HAS WIELDED IRON-FISTED CONTROL OVER THE COUNTRY SINCE IT SEIZED POWER IN A LIGHTNING COUP NEARLY TWO YEARS AGO . UNDER STRONGMAN GENERAL PARK CHUNG HEE, THE GOVERNMENT STIFLED ALL OPPOSITION ; NEWSPAPERS WERE GAGGED, AND 4,000 KNOWN POLITICAL OPPONENTS OF THE REGIME WERE FORBIDDEN TO CRITICIZE IT IN PUBLIC . BUT PARK HAS BEEN LESS SUCCESSFUL IN QUELLING DISAFFECTION WITHIN HIS OWN JUNTA . LAST WEEK THE WRANGLING WAS OUT IN THE OPEN, THREATENING TO PLUNGE SOUTH KOREA INTO YET ANOTHER FULL-SCALE CRISIS . SNOOPER BOSS . PARK'S GENERALS BECAME OPENLY RESTIVE SOON AFTER HIS DECISION TO RESTORE CIVILIAN POLITICAL RULE (TIME, DEC . 28), AT LEAST IN NAME . IN FACT, JUNTA MEMBERS PLANNED MERELY TO SWAP THEIR KHAKI FOR MUFTI AND CONTINUE TO RUN THE COUNTRY ; PARK HIMSELF WAS THE LEADING CANDIDATE FOR THE PRESIDENCY . THIS PLEASANT PROSPECT WAS SHATTERED LAST JANUARY WHEN BRIGADIER GENERAL KIM CHONG PIL, HUSBAND OF PARK'S NIECE AND BOSS OF THE DREADED CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY, QUIT THE C.I.A . IN ORDER TO GRAB CONTROL OF THE REGIME'S CIVILIAN POLITICAL ORGANIZATION, THE DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICAN PARTY WITH PARK'S TACIT APPROVAL KIM WHOSE 30,000 SNOOPERS HAD KEPT TABS ON ANYTHING AND ANYONE THE JUNTA MIGHT DISTRUST INCLUDING MEMBERS OF THE JUNTA INFILTRATED THE PARTY'S POWER POSITIONS WITH 1,200 OF HIS FORMER C.I.A AGENTS., JUNTA MEMBERS OBJECTED TO KIM'S POWER GRAB AS A BLATANT ATTEMPT TO CUT THEM OUT OF THE LION'S SHARE OF THE SPOILS . WHEN THEY INSISTED THAT PARK FIRE KIM FROM THE PARTY LEADERSHIP, PARK RETALIATED BY SACKING FOUR OF KIM'S BITTEREST FOES FROM THE JUNTA . BUT THE FOUR, ALL HIGH-RANKING OFFICERS, THREATENED TO PLUNGE SOUTH KOREA INTO CIVIL WAR UNLESS PARK BROUGHT KIM TO HEEL . " THE ENTIRE ARMY IS AGAINST YOU, ONE OFFICER TOLD PARK . " YOU CANNOT WIN . " FAILED OBJECTIVE . PARK FINALLY CAPITULATED . HE FORCED KIM TO RESIGN HIS PARTY POST, LAST WEEK SENT HIM ON A 50-DAY FOREIGN INSPECTION TRIP AS HIS " AMBASSADOR PLENIPOTENTIARY . " NO SOONER HAD KIM LEFT THAN INVESTIGATORS BEGAN EXPLORING RUMORS THAT HE HAD USED HIS POWERFUL C.I.A . JOB TO MAKE A STOCK MARKET KILLING AND TO MULCT KICKBACKS FROM GOVERNMENT CONTRACTORS . BEFORE 3,000 SCREAMING POLITICIANS IN SEOUL'S CITIZENS HALL, PARK ANNOUNCED GRIMLY THAT HE WAS BOWING OUT OF THE PRESIDENTIAL RACE . " I CANNOT HELP ADMITTING, " HE SAID, " THAT THE REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT HAS FAILED COMPLETELY IN ACHIEVING ITS POLITICAL OBJECTIVE THE EMERGENCE OF NEW POLITICAL PERSONALITIES . " CERTAINLY, PARK'S WITHDRAWAL AND KIM'S FALL FROM GRACE FAILED TO TURN UP ANY PROMISING NEW POLITICAL LEADERS THE JUNTA-CONTROLLED DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICAN PARTY IS IN FLOUNDERING DISARRAY WHILE THE THREE OTHER MAJOR CIVILIAN PARTIES WHICH ARE ALSO RIVEN BY INTERNAL DISSENSION, LACK ANY BROAD BASE OF POPULAR SUPPORT . THUS, FEW SOUTH KOREANS EXPECT THAT PARK WILL REMAIN LONG IN THE WINGS . WITH INFLATION RAMPANT AND UNEMPLOYMENT AT A RECORD HIGH, MANY POLITICIANS SUSPECT THAT PARK IS DELIBERATELY SADDLING THEM WITH CHAOS, THAT IN HIS OWN GOOD TIME, HE MAY ONCE AGAIN " SAVE " THE COUNTRY . 
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RUSSIA BACK TO SIBERIA, COMRADES SOVIET SCIENTISTS HAVE NOT YET TAUGHT SHRIMPS TO WHISTLE, BUT RADIO MOSCOW LAST WEEK REPORTED AN EVEN MORE FANTASTIC FEAT . GEOLOGISTS IN NORTHERN SIBERIA, IT RECOUNTED BREATHLESSLY, DUG UP A PAIR OF SALAMANDERS THAT HAD BEEN FROZEN FOR 5,000 YEARS, THAWED THEM OUT AND FED THEM BERRIES AND MOSQUITOES FROM THEIR HANDS . ONE OF THE PREHISTORIC NEWTS (TRITONS) SCAMPERED HAPPILY ABOUT FOR THREE WEEKS BEFORE IT DIED ; IT WAS THEN BOTTLED AND SENT TO A MOSCOW UNIVERSITY LABORATORY . ITS COMRADE LIVED FOR SEVERAL MONTHS IN A MUSEUM . RADIO MOSCOW, WHICH SAID THE TALE OF TWO TRITONS WAS BASED ON AN ACCOUNT IN A SOVIET LITERARY MAGAZINE, EVEN SUGGESTED THAT THE DISCOVERY MIGHT HAVE MOMENTOUS IMPLICATIONS FOR SPACE FLIGHT . IF NEWTS COULD SURVIVE ALL THAT TIME, WHY NOT DEEPFREEZE SOVIET COSMONAUTS AND THUS ELIMINATE THE NEED FOR FOOD DURING THEIR LONG VOYAGES THROUGH THE UNIVERSE ? RADIO MOSCOW'S STORY BLEW UP A STORM OF CABLES AND TELEPHONE CALLS FROM WESTERN NEWSMEN PANTING AFTER ALL THE NEWTY DETAILS . AND, THOUGH U.S . SCIENTISTS SOON POOH-POOHED THE SALAMANDER SAGA, IT MADE THE FRONT PAGES OF MOST U.S . NEWSPAPERS, WHICH SINCE SPUTNIK I HAVE TENDED TO OVERPLAY FAR-OUT SOVIET SCIENTIFIC CLAIMS . THEN A RUSSIAN SCIENTIST DEBUNKED THE STORY . PROFESSOR GLEB LOZINO-LOZINSKY, HEAD OF THE SPACE BIOLOGY LABORATORY AT THE LENINGRAD INSTITUTE OF CYTOLOGY, DISCLOSED THAT IT HAD BEEN LIFTED FROM A CHILDREN'S BOOK, AND " HAS NOTHING TO DO WITH SCIENCE . " SNAPPED HE : / THE AUTHOR OF THIS TALE SHOULD BE PUNISHED . " FROM RADIO MOSCOW : SIBERIAN SILENCE . 
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CANDIDATE WITH THREE SUITS OF COURSE, HE GOT 90 MINUTES OF FREE, PRIME TIME ON TV AND WAS ABLE TO MEET THE FOLKS IN THE KREMLIN'S MIGHTY MARBLE PALACE OF THE CONGRESSES OTHERWISE NIKITA KHRUSHCHEV'S STUMP SPEECH TO HIS CONSTITUENTS FROM MOSCOW'S KALININ DISTRICT SOUNDED AS IF HE HAD TO RUN FOR DEAR LIFE TO GET RE-ELECTED TO THE SUPREME SOVIET OF THE RUSSIAN REPUBLIC THIS WEEK NATURALLY NIKITA CLAIMED SUCCESS FOR HIS OWN FOREIGN POLICY THE COMMUNISTS WERE WINNING THE COLD WAR AND ALL THAT TALK ABOUT TROUBLE WITH THE CHINESE WAS AN ILLUSION . SAME DAY PEKING LAUNCHED A NEW ATTACK ON MOSCOW'S FIERCE VISAGE BUT FAINT HEART . THEN IN HIS FOLKSIEST MANNER KHRUSHCHEV TOLD THE PEOPLE JUST HOW PLUMB LUCKY THEY WERE TO BE IN RUSSIA AND NOT IN THE U.S . WHERE ELECTIONS ARE ACTUALLY CONTESTED SORT OF A SHOW TAKES PLACE HE SAID MARCHERS DEMAND VOTES FOR THE ELEPHANT WHILE THE OTHER PARTY CANVASSES VOTES FOR THE DONKEY I REALLY CANNOT SAY WHICH OF THE TWO ANIMALS IS CLEVERER . POLITICAL ADVERTISING IN THE U.S . HAS MUCH THE QUALITY OF CONSUMER ADVERTISING . IT IS RATHER LOUD, EVEN SHOWY , I WOULD SAY . ALL SORTS OF PROMISES ARE MADE ON MOUNTAINS OF GOLD AND RIVERS OF MILK . DESCRIBING A TYPICAL U.S . CAMPAIGN SPEECH NIKITA SAID THAT ONE CANDIDATE PROMISED HIS CONSTITUENTS TO BUILD A NEW BRIDGE FOR YOU IF ELECTED . BUT WE HAVEN'T GOT A RIVER SO WHAT DO WE NEED A BRIDGE FOR ? ASKED THE PUZZLED VOTERS . NEVER MIND, REPLIED THE CANDIDATE . WE'LL MAKE A RIVER FOR YOU TOO . NO SLOUCH HIMSELF WHEN IT COMES TO CAMPAIGN PROMISES, KHRUSHCHEV TOLD THE FOLKS THAT / PROBABLY EACH ONE OF YOU WOULD LIKE TO HAVE A BETTER SUIT OR DRESS TO WEAR . " WELL, SAID HE, " THE TIME WILL COME WHEN EVERY SOVIET CITIZEN WILL ACTUALLY HAVE THREE SUITS OF CLOTHES ONE, PRESUMABLY FOR HIS BIRTHDAY ONE FOR HIS WEDDING AND ONE FOR HIS FUNERAL . NOW, ADDED ARTFUL NIKITA, IF I WERE TO PROMISE YOU THAT YOU'LL HAVE THREE NEW SUITS NEXT YEAR, YOU'D SAY THAT I WAS DRUNK . TO STORMY APPLAUSE THE OLD PRO SAT DOWN IN KALININ HE WOULD PROBABLY BE THE PEOPLE'S CHOICE EVEN IF THEY HAD ONE . 
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JAPAN WHEN THEY START PLAYING FOOTSIE, IT'S TIME FOR A GIRL TO QUIT ALONG THE GINZA, TOKYO'S GARISH MAIN STEM, A BAR GIRL HAS TO BE ABLE TO HANDLE ALL TYPES BUT EVEN SO, THERE'S A LIMIT . IT CAME FOR ONE GINZA DOLL LAST WEEK WHEN, AS SHE PUT IT, " I FELT SOMETHING PLAYING FOOTSIE WITH ME UNDER THE TABLE . " SAID SHE : " I FIGURED IT WAS THE CUSTOMER ; BUT THE GAME WENT ON AFTER HE EXCUSED HIMSELF . THEN I LOOKED DOWN, AND THERE WAS THIS HUGE RAT TRYING TO PRY SOME MEAT OUT FROM UNDER MY FOOT . SURE, I KNEW WE HAD RATS, BUT WHEN THEY GET THAT FAMILIAR, I QUIT . " MELONS & MINKS . THEY HAVE BEEN GETTING MORE IMPORTUNATE EVERY DAY . SOME 2,000,000 STRONG, TWICE AS NUMEROUS AS THE DISTRICT'S DAYTIME HUMAN POPULATION, THE GINZA RAT KINGDOM SEEMS TO HAVE BEEN CAUGHT UP IN A REVOLUTION OF RODENT EXPECTATIONS . NO LONGER CONTENT WITH THEIR NETWORK OF UNDERGROUND RIVERS AND SEWERS, ARMIES OF RATS NOW PROWL THE GINZA EVERY NIGHT AFTER THE CABARETS HAVE CLOSED AND BEFORE DEPARTMENT STORES OPEN . RATS WITH AFFLUENT TASTES GORGE THEMSELVES ON SUCH FANCY GROCERIES AS MELONS, LEATHER FURNITURE AND MINK COATS . ONE GORMANDIZING RAT PACK EVEN HELD UP CONSTRUCTION OF A NEW BUILDING BY CHEWING THROUGH A STRONG BOX AND GOBBLING THE BLUEPRINTS ; DIM GINZA BARS HAVE REGULAR, UNSCHEDULED BLACKOUTS WHENEVER RATS GNAW THROUGH POWER LINES, A NEVER-FAILING TASTE TREAT . WHEN A U.S . TOURIST WAS ASSURED BY THE MANAGER OF A LUXURIOUS GINZA HOTEL THAT HE COULDN'T POSSIBLY HAVE SEEN A RAT " AS BIG AS A CAT " IN HIS ROOM, THE AMERICAN BOUGHT A RAT TRAP, SHOWED UP AT THE RESERVATION DESK THE NEXT DAY TRIUMPHANTLY LUGGING A F-LB . RATTUS NORVEGICUS . LAST WEEK TOKYO'S SANITATION DEPARTMENT JOINED FORCES WITH A PASSEL OF PRIVATE EXTERMINATORS IN AN ALL-OUT CAMPAIGN TO KEEP THE GINZA FOR PEOPLE . WITH MILITARY PRECISION, ANTI-RAT GUERRILLAS FANNED OUT THROUGH DARKENED DEPARTMENT STORES IN STOCKINGED FEET, COORDINATING THEIR OFFENSIVE BY MEANS OF WALKIE-TALKIES . " THIS IS C TEAM CALLING B TEAM, " WHISPERED ONE COMMUNICATIONS MAN TO THE UNIT ON THE FLOOR BELOW HIM . " I HEAR RATS ON THE EASTERN SIDE OF THE FLOOR SCURRYING DOWN . CLOSE DOOR IMMEDIATELY . OVER . " MEATBALLS & MIKES . FOR WEAPONS, THE RAT HUNTERS MOSTLY USED A SUPPLY OF 300,000 POISONED MEATBALLS ABOUT ONE FOR EVERY SIX OR EIGHT RATS BELIEVED TO BE IN THE GINZA . EXTERMINATORS BUGGED RATHOLES WITH TINY MICROPHONES SO AS TO DETECT ENEMY STRONGHOLDS . THEY ALSO PLANTED EXTRASTRONG TRAPS THAT ARE NORMALLY USED TO TRAP MINK SINCE GINZA RATS ARE A SPECIAL SAMURAI BREED THAT CAN USUALLY CHEW THROUGH A CONVENTIONAL TRAP . THE HUNTERS HAD NO ILLUSIONS ABOUT THEIR FOE . " THE GINZA RATS ARE TERRIBLY CLEVER, " SAID ONE OLD RODENT FIGHTER . " YOU CAN'T JUST LEAVE A MEATBALL BY A RATHOLE AND EXPECT THEM TO EAT ITS MUCH TOO OBVIOUS . WHAT YOU MUST DO IS PUT THE MEATBALLS IN, SAY, A CARDBOARD BOX WITH A LITTLE HOLE IN IT . THEN THE RAT WILL EAT IT THINKING IT'S SOMETHING YOU DON'T WANT HIM TO HAVE . " IN THREE DAYS, THE EXTERMINATORS HAD KILLED ABOUT 6,500 RATS OUTRIGHT, AND EXPECTED ANOTHER 3,000 TO DIE LATER AS THE POISON TOOK EFFECT . BUT EACH FEMALE RAT CAN THEORETICALLY PRODUCE ABOUT 70 OFFSPRING EVERY YEAR . CONCLUDED ONE SANITATION OFFICIAL : " WHAT WE REALLY NEED IS THE PIED PIPER OF HAMELIN . / 
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WEST GERMANY THEY ARE THE PRODUCT OF A BROKER'S HOME FOR MANY GERMANS, ASH WEDNESDAY HOLDS AN EXTRA MEASURE OF SOLEMNITY . IT MARKS THE END OF THE GAY FASCHING SEASON, ABOUT THE ONLY TIME OF THE YEAR WHEN A MIDDLE-AGED WIDOWER OR A PLAIN, BESPECTACLED SPINSTER CAN BREAK OUT OF THE EVERYDAY LITANY OF LONELINESS AND WHO KNOWS ? FIND TRUE LOVE ACROSS A CROWDED BEER HALL . OF THOSE WHO WERE STILL LONELY AS FASCHING ENDED LAST WEEK, MANY WOULD NOT WAIT FOR NEXT YEAR'S FESTIVITIES ; THEY WILL TURN INSTEAD TO ONE OF WEST GERMANY'S 200 MARRIAGE AGENCIES, SUCH AS THE BOOMING " INSTITUTE FOR ELEGANT INDIVIDUAL MARRIAGE INITIATION . " CHIRPED BONN MARRIAGE BROKER ALICE PAECH ON ASH WEDNESDAY : " NOW IT WILL START ALL OVER AGAIN . " WAGNERIAN SUPERMEN . FOR A " SEARCHING FEE " THAT AVERAGES ABOUT $50, BUXOM FRAU PAECH AND OTHER PROFESSIONAL CUPID CHASERS WILL METHODICALLY REMAKE THE WHIMSICAL OLD GAME ACCORDING TO COLD TEUTONIC LOGIC . CLIENTS ARE INTERVIEWED FOR THE NECESSARY INFORMATION BACKGROUND, INTERESTS, SOCIAL STATUS, FINANCIAL SITUATION AND BROUGHT TOGETHER THROUGH CAREFULLY MATCHED BRIEFING SHEETS . FOR ABOUT ONE IN EVERY THREE COUPLES SHE INTRODUCES, FRAU PAECH MANAGES TO FIND THE RIGHT COMBINATION, AND COLLECTS A " SUCCESS FEE " EQUAL TO THE SEARCHING FEE UNLESS THE HAPPY COUPLE FORGET TO NOTIFY HER THAT THEY ARE GETTING MARRIED . WEST GERMAN PAPERS ARE FILLED WITH SUCH AGENCY-PLACED ADS AS / A HEART TO GIVE AWAY AM 39, 160 (CENTIMETERS TALL), ALONE, NOT UGLY, BUT WEARER OF GLASSES, " OR " HELLO, HELLO ! WHAT YOUNG MAN BETWEEN 35 AND 45 WOULD LIKE TO TRY HIS HAPPINESS WITH ME ? " AGENCIES MAKE A PAUNCHY MALE SOUND LIKE A WAGNERIAN SUPERMAN, A WILTING WALLFLOWER A PARAGON OF CHARM AND VIRTUE . MANY AGENCIES PUT LOVE ON A CHAIN-STORE BASIS, INCREASING THE CHANCE FOR A SUCCESSFUL MATCH BY TRADING CLIENTS AMONG AS MANY AS 32 BRANCHES . DRAWING CLIENTS FROM EVERY CLASS AND PROFESSION, MARRIAGE BROKERS ACCOUNT FOR 60,000 TO 80,000 MARRIAGES EVERY YEAR . SECURITY FIRST . TODAY'S THRIVING TRADE IS THE OUTGROWTH OF A BUSINESS THAT HAS HAD ITS GREATEST BOOM DURING THE MANSHORT YEARS FOLLOWING WORLD WAR II . THE MAIN REASON FOR ITS GROWTH, SAYS AN OFFICIAL IN BONN'S FAMILY MINISTRY, IS THAT " THERE IS A LACK OF REAL SOCIAL LIFE IN WEST GERMANY TODAY WE HAVE BECOME A LITTLE SELFISH AND DON'T CONCERN OURSELVES MUCH WITH OUR FELLOW MEN . " KNOWN BY THE UNROMANTIC NAME OF EHLANBAHNUNSGEWERBE LITERALLY, THE MARRIAGE-INITIATING BUSINESS IT HAS INEVITABLY ATTRACTED MANY BROKERS LESS INTERESTED IN MATING SOULD THAN COINING DEUTSCHE MARKS . " THERE ARE AS MANY SERIOUS MARRIAGE AGENCIES AS THERE ARE CABINET MEMBERS IN BONN, " A GERMAN MAGAZINE CLAIMED RECENTLY . BUT THE CUSTOMERS SELDOM COMPLAIN . MOST SEEK FINANCIAL SECURITY RATHER THAN GOOD LOOKS . WOMEN ARE PARTICULARLY FOND OF MEN FROM THE BENELUX COUNTRIES, AND ARE ESPECIALLY LEARY OF BAKERS, BUTCHERS AND INNKEEPERS, AFRAID THAT THEY WILL ASK THEM TO HELP OUT WITH THE BUSINESS . AND HOW ABOUT LOVE . LOVE, " SNIFFS ONE GERMAN, " IS FOR TEEN-AGERS AND FRENCHMEN . " 
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YEMEN FOR ALLAH & THE IMAM FROM REMOTE YEMEN LAST SEPTEMBER CAME WORD OF A REVOLUTION THAT HAD TOPPLED THE CENTURIES-OLD DYNASTY OF IMAM MOHAMMED EL BADR . LEADER OF THE COUP WAS COLONEL ABDULLAH SALLAL, 45, NEWLY APPOINTED COMMANDER OF THE PALACE GUARD, WHO ANNOUNCED IN THE YEMEN CAPITAL OF SAN " A THAT HIS TROOPS HAD KILLED THE IMAM AND WERE IN CONTROL OF THE PRIMITIVE, NEBRASKA-SIZED COUNTRY . WEEKS LATER IT WAS LEARNED THAT BADR HAD IN FACT ESCAPED THE SHELLED RUINS OF HIS PALACE AND TAKEN REFUGE IN YEMEN'S RUGGED HILL COUNTRY, WHOSE WARLIKE TRIBES HAVE TRADITIONALLY BEEN LOYAL TO THE IMAM . CLOUDED CLAIMS . EVER SINCE, HELPED BY MONEY AND SUPPLIES FROM THE UNEASY MONARCHS OF SAUDI ARABIA AND JORDAN, THE IMAM AND HIS TRIBAL WARRIORS HAVE BEEN INCHING DOGGEDLY BACK TOWARD SAN " A . PRESIDENT SALLAL APPEALED FOR HELP TO EGYPT'S GAMAL ABDEL NASSER, AN OLD FRIEND OF THE IMAM BUT AN EVEN MORE IMPLACABLE FOE OF THE OIL-RICH DESERT DYNASTIES WHO WERE HELPING BADR . NASSER RUSHED IN EGYPTIAN TROOPS, WHOSE SOVIET-MADE GUNS, TANKS AND JETS MAKE THEM THE ARAB WORLD'S MOST FORMIDABLE FIGHTING FORCE . THOUGH THE REPUBLICANS HAD NOT IN FACT WON THE WHOLE COUNTRY, THE U.S . DECIDED RELUCTANTLY LAST DECEMBER TO RECOGNIZE SALLAL'S REGIME, HAVING FIRST WON NASSER'S PROMISE TO WITHDRAW HIS TROOPS . EGYPT'S PRESIDENT HAS NOT ONLY FAILED TO HONOR HIS PLEDGE BUT HAS ACTUALLY RAISED THE EXPEDITIONARY FORCE TO 23,000 TROOPS ON THE PRETEXT THAT BRITAIN, SAUDI ARABIA AND JORDAN HAVE ALL SENT IN FORCES TO HELP THE IMAM . BRITAIN, WHICH HAS NOT RECOGNIZED SALLAL, FEARS THAT EGYPTIAN PENETRATION OF THE ARABIAN PENINSULA WILL ISOLATE ITS OILFIELDS AND DEAL A CRIPPLING BLOW TO ITS ECONOMY . FEARFUL LEST THE HOT LITTLE WAR ENGULF THE ENTIRE MIDDLE EAST, THE U.N . LAST WEEK SENT RALPH BUNCHE, A VETERAN MIDDLE EAST TROUBLESHOOTER WHO IS TRUSTED BY BOTH SIDES, TO DISCUSS A SOLUTION WITH REPRESENTATIVES OF SALLAL AND THE IMAM ; FROM YEMEN HE WILL GO TO EGYPT, SAUDI ARABIA AND JORDAN . THE ACTUAL COURSE OF THE FIGHTING HAS BEEN CLOUDED BY THE GRANDIOSE CLAIMS OF BOTH SIDES AND THE FORMIDABLE OBSTACLES THAT FACE WESTERN NEWSMEN WHO EVEN TRY TO GET INTO YEMEN, LET ALONE REACH THE BATTLE LINES . ONE WHO SUCCEEDED WAS TIME CORRESPONDENT GEORGE DE CARVALHO . FROM BEIRUT LAST WEEK HE CABLED HIS REPORT ON A 23-DAY TREK IN WHICH HE CROSSED THE PEAKS, PLATEAUS AND WADIS FROM ADEN TO THE SAUDI ARABIAN BORDER, TRAVELING A TOTAL OF 1,000 MILES BY CAMEL, DONKEY, CAR AND SHOE LEATHER WITHOUT ONCE LEAVING ROYALISTHELD TERRITORY (SEE MAP) . ALONG THE WAY, CORRESPONDENT DE CARVALHO WAS REPEATEDLY SHOT AT BY EGYPTIAN FIGHTER PLANES, TANKS, MORTARS, AND ARTILLERY, SAW TWO OF HIS SIX YEMENI GUARDS KILLED AND ONE WOUNDED IN BATTLE . RIFLES & FAITH . THE FIGHTING IS MOST INTENSE IN A 70-MILE ARC CURVING AROUND THE EASTERN APPROACHES TO SAN " A . IN MOST AREAS, THE ROYALISTS LIMIT THEMSELVES TO HIT-AND-RUN GUERRILLA RAIDS, BUT HERE THEY ARE TAKING AND HOLDING GROUND, ATTACKING STEADILY AND ADVANCING ON A WIDE FRONT . REPORTS DE CARVALHO : " THE INCREDIBLE FACT IS THAT THE EGYPTIANS ARE LOSING IN YEMEN . RAGGED, BAREFOOT YEMENI TRIBESMEN, ARMED ONLY WITH ANCIENT RIFLES AND FAITH IN ALLAH, ARE KICKING HELL OUT OF NASSER'S ELITE TROOPS DESPITE THEIR OVERPOWERING SOVIET EQUIPMENT, OVERWHELMINGLY SUPERIOR FIREPOWER, AND UNCHALLENGED AIRPOWER . " THE WAR IN YEMEN IS BEING FOUGHT BETWEEN THE 10TH CENTURY AND THE 20TH . THE MOUNTAIN TRIBES HAVE NO OFFICERS' CORPS OR NONCOMS ; THEY SIMPLY CHOOSE THEIR SHEIKS AND FOLLOW THEM INTO BATTLE . " WE CAPTURED 14 FIELD RADIOS, " SIGHED PRINCE ABDULLAH IBN HASSAN, 25, A COUSIN OF THE IMAM . " BUT NONE OF MY MEN KNOW HOW TO USE THEM . " NOR CAN THEY USE CAPTURED TANKS OR TRUCKS, SINCE NONE OF THE TRIBESMEN KNOW HOW TO DRIVE . WHEN THEY ATTACK A TANK, THE TRIBESMEN FIRST KILL OFF THE ACCOMPANYING INFANTRYMEN, THEN OFTEN SET IT AFIRE WITH FLAMING CORN STALKS . THE EGYPTIANS ARE RESTRICTED TO THE FEW ROUGH ROADS AND DEPEND ON DAILY DELIVERY OF SUPPLIES, WHILE THE ROYALISTS CAN FIGHT ANYWHERE . SAYS PRINCE ABDULLAH : " ALL MY MEN NEED IS BREAD AND BULLETS . WE WILL FIGHT UNTIL WE ARE ALL DEAD OR THE EGYPTIANS ARE DRIVEN INTO THE SEA . WE BOW ONLY TO GOD . " PLASTERED SKIRMISHERS . YEMEN'S ROADS AND FIELDS ARE LITTERED WITH THE REMAINS OF DEAD EGYPTIANS LEFT TO ROT UNBURIED . " LET THE DOGS EAT THE EGYPTIAN DOGS, " SPAT A TRIBESMAN . THE FEW EGYPTIANS TAKEN PRISONER SEEM DAZED AND DEJECTED . PRIVATE AMER HUSSEIN BAHID, 24, OF CAIRO, WAS DUE FOR FOR DISCHARGE IN JANUARY AFTER THREE YEARS' ARMY SERVICE . INSTEAD, HIS COMPANY WAS AIRLIFTED TO SAN'A AND RUSHED OFF TO LAUNCH A COUNTERATTACK AT BEIT MIRAN . SAID HE : " ABOUT 25 MILES FROM SAN'A WE WERE AMBUSHED . MY COMPANY NEVER GOT A CHANCE TO FIGHT . IN A FEW HOURS, MORE THAN 100 OF US WERE KILLED, AND I SURRENDERED . " NASSER HAS APPARENTLY HAD TO CALL UP THE RESERVES . COMPLAINED SERGEANT IBRAHIM MOHSIN ALKATI, 32, WHO WAS A CAIRO TRUCK MECHANIC BEFORE HE WAS RECALLED TO DUTY : " I DIDN'T EVEN KNOW THERE WAS A WAR ON IN YEMEN . I THOUGHT WE WERE SUPPOSED TO HELP TRAIN THE YEMENI REPUBLICAN ARMY . " ONE BATTLE WITNESSED BY CORRESPONDENT DE CARVALHO WAS AT EL ARGOUP, 25 MILES SOUTHEAST OF SAN'A, WHERE 500 YEMENIS COMMANDED BY PRINCE ABDULLAH ATTACKED AN EGYPTIAN POSITION ON TOP OF A SHEERSIDED HILL THAT WAS FORTIFIED WITH SIX SOVIET T-54 TANKS, A DOZEN ARMORED CARS AND ENTRENCHED MACHINE GUNS . THE YEMENIS, ADVANCING IN A THIN SKIRMISH LINE, WERE PLASTERED BY ARTILLERY, MORTARS AND STRAFING PLANES . THEY COULD REPLY ONLY WITH RIFLES, ONE MORTAR WITH 20 ROUNDS, AND A BAZOOKA WITH FOUR ROUNDS HANDLED BY A MAN WHO HAD NEVER FIRED A BAZOOKA BEFORE IN HIS LIFE . THE FIGHT FOR EL ARGOUP LASTED A WEEK AND ENDED IN A ROUT THAT COST THE EGYPTIANS THREE TANKS, SEVEN ARMORED CARS AND 160 DEAD . DE CARVALHO ASKED A HAGGARD SHEIK IF HIS MEN SUFFERED FROM BATTLE FATIGUE . THE SHEIK FROWNED : " WE SUFFER FROM MANY DISEASES IN YEMEN, BUT BATTLE FATIGUE WHAT IS THAT ? " THE TRIBESMEN'S LOYALTY TO THE IMAM IS NOT ALWAYS EASY TO UNDERSTAND . MANY OF THE PRESENT ROYALIST LEADERS SUFFERED CRUELLY DURING THE 14-YEAR REIGN OF BADR'S FATHER, AHMAD THE DEVIL, WHOSE WAY OF PACIFYING THE HILL TRIBES WAS TO TAKE MASS HOSTAGES AND BEHEAD RESTIVE SHEIKS . SHRUGGED ONE SHEIK : " THE IMAMS HAVE RULED US FOR A THOUSAND YEARS . SOME WERE GOOD AND SOME BAD . WE KILLED THE BAD ONES SOONER OR LATER, AND WE PROSPERED UNDER THE GOOD ONES . " ANOTHER REASON FOR FIGHTING THE REPUBLICANS IS THAT THE HILL TRIBES BELONG TO THE MOSLEM SHIA SECT, OF WHICH THE IMAM IS THE RELIGIOUS HEAD . THE YEMENIS OF THE COAST AND THE SOUTH BELONG TO THE RIVAL SUNNI SECT (AS DO MOST EGYPTIANS) . THOUGH PRESIDENT SALLAL IS HIMSELF A MOUNTAIN SHIA, IT IS HIS MISFORTUNE TO BE FIGHTING THE FIERCE MOUNTAIN SHIAS WITH LOWLAND SUNNIS WHO HAVE NEVER BEEN FAMED FOR MARTIAL PROWESS . THE IMAM MOHAMMED EL BADR IS A HUSKY, HARD-LOOKING MAN OF 36 WHO ROVES CONSTANTLY ALONG THE NORTHWEST FRONT IN A DODGE WAGON AND NEVER SLEEPS MORE THAN TWO NIGHTS IN THE SAME PLACE . IN A WADI UNDER THE STARS ONE NIGHT, HE TOLD DE CARVALHO :. " NASSER'S BIGGEST SINGLE TARGET IN YEMEN IS ME . " WAVING AT THE SKIES FROM WHICH EGYPTIAN JETS HAD POUNCED ON HIS FORCES ONLY THAT DAY, HE SIGHED : " NOW I'M GETTING MY REWARD FOR BEFRIENDING NASSER . WE WERE BROTHERS, BUT WHEN I REFUSED TO BECOME HIS STOOGE, HE USED SALLAL AGAINST ME . I WILL NEVER STOP FIGHTING . I WILL NEVER GO INTO EXILE . WIN OR LOSE, MY GRAVE WILL BE HERE . " BY LAST WEEK THE WAR SEEMED DEADLOCKED . HOWEVER, IMAM MOHAMMED IS TRYING TO RECRUIT A MERCENARY AIR FORCE, AND IS BUILDING UP A SMALL STOCK OF ANTITANK GUNS, RECOILLESS RIFLES AND MORTARS . SAUDI ARABIA, WHICH HAS BANKROLLED THE ROYALISTS SO FAR WITH ABOUT $15 MILLION, IS ITCHING TO PLUNGE INTO THE FIGHT . IN THE WAKE OF REPEATED BOMBINGS OF SAUDI TOWNS, SAUDI ARABIA'S PREMIER PRINCE FEISAL WARNED U.S . DIPLOMATS : " I CANNOT SIT MUCH LONGER WITH MY ARMS FOLDED WHILE NASSER ATTACKS NOT ONLY MY NEIGHBOR YEMEN BUT ALSO MY OWN COUNTRY . " 
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MIDDLE EAST SPREADING INFECTION IN THE MIDDLE EAST, REVOLUTION IS REACHING EPIDEMIC PROPORTIONS . A REVOLT IN YEMEN LAST SEPTEMBER OUSTED THE CENTURIES-OLD DYNASTY OF THE IMAM AND INSTALLED A " REPUBLIC " THAT HAS EVER SINCE BEEN PROPPED UP BY 20,000 EGYPTIAN TROOPS SENT IN BY GAMAL ABDEL NASSER . IN TWO BLOODY DAYS' WORK LAST MONTH, IRAQI ARMY OFFICERS DEPOSED AND KILLED PSYCHOTIC DICTATOR ABDUL KARIM KASSEM . LAST WEEK, ON A QUIET, GREY FRIDAY MORNING, THE INFECTION REACHED SYRIA . BROKEN BONDS . EVERYONE KNEW IT WAS COMING, FROM SYRIA'S STRONGMAN, GENERAL ABDEL KARIM ZAHREDDIN, DOWN TO THE LOWLIEST PRIVATE IN THE ARMY . WHEN ZAHREDDIN SEVERED SYRIA'S UNION WITH EGYPT 17 MONTHS AGO, HE HAD PROFITED FROM THE NATION'S REVULSION AGAINST THE POLICE STATE AND HARSH ECONOMIC CONTROLS IMPOSED BY NASSER . BUT SYRIANS, PASSIONATE BELIEVERS IN ARAB UNITY, ALSO FELT GUILTY ABOUT BREAKING THE BONDS . WISPY PRESIDENT NAZEM EL-KOUDSI SIGHED, " THE TROUBLE WITH SYRIANS IS THAT WE ARE NEVER CONCERNED WITH JUST OUR OWN PROBLEMS BUT WITH ISSUES AFFECTING ALL ARABS . " THE REGIME SURVIVED THREE MAJOR AND COUNTLESS MINOR CONSPIRACIES, BUT ONCE IRAQ REBELLED AGAINST DICTATOR KASSEM IN THE NAME OF ARAB UNITY, THE SYRIAN REGIME WAS DOOMED . SIX CABINET MINISTERS RESIGNED DISCREETLY, AND WHEN MEMBERS OF THE BAATH (RENAISSANCE) PARTY WERE ASKED TO REPLACE THEM, THEY REFUSED . DESPERATE PRESIDENT KOUDSI EAGERLY OFFERED TO UNITE SYRIA WITH THE NEW REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT OF IRAQ BUT RECEIVED NO OFFICIAL REPLY FROM BAGHDAD . SCHOOLS WERE CLOSED TO PREVENT STUDENT DEMONSTRATIONS AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT, AND TANKS AND ARMORED CARS PATROLLED THE STREETS OF DAMASCUS . THE REVOLUTION CAME AS QUIETLY AS A SUNRISE . GENERAL ZAHREDDIN SUSPECTED COLONEL MOHAMMED HARIRI, CHIEF OF THE SOUTHERN FRONT COMMAND, OF BEING A TOP CONSPIRATOR AND ORDERED HIM SENT OUT OF THE COUNTRY AS MILITARY ATTACHE TO JORDAN . HARIRI REFUSED TO GO, AND THE ENTIRE SOUTHERN COMMAND BACKED HIM UP . AN ARMORED COLUMN MOVED OUT FROM THE BADANI MILITARY CAMP AND ENTERED DAMASCUS, WHERE THE TANKS PATROLLING THE STREETS QUICKLY JOINED THE REBELS . SCARCELY A SHOT WAS FIRED AS SYRIA CHANGED ITS ALLEGIANCE . TEMPERS WERE SO COOL THAT PRESIDENT KOUDSI WAS ALLOWED TO REMAIN AT HOME WITH HIS FAMILY . PREMIER KHALED EL-AZM, WHO LIVED BESIDE THE TURKISH EMBASSY, SIMPLY SLIPPED NEXT DOOR AND WAS GIVEN POLITICAL ASYLUM . DAMASCUS RADIO WENT ON THE AIR PROCLAIMING THE BAATHIST SLOGANS OF " UNITY, FREEDOM, SOCIALISM ! " A JUBILANT SYRIAN ARMY OFFICER AT A BORDER POST SAID, " WE WANT UNITY, NOT WITH NASSER, BUT WITH ALL ARABS . " AS IN IRAQ, THE SYRIAN NATIONAL COUNCIL OF THE REVOLUTIONARY COMMAND INSISTED ON ANONYMITY . THE NEW 20-MAN CABINET HAS ONLY TWO MILITARY MEN, AND THE BAATH PARTY IS STRONGLY REPRESENTED . NEW PREMIER SALAH EL-BITAR, 45, IS A FORMER SYRIAN FOREIGN MINISTER AND A BAATHIST WITH STRONG SYMPATHIES TOWARD ARAB UNITY . A TALL, HULKING DAMASCENE WITH DARK, BROODING EYES AND BRILLIANTINED HAIR, HE ONCE SIGNED A MANIFESTO DENOUNCING UNION WITH EGYPT, BUT LATER ADVOCATED CLOSE FEDERAL TIES . TWO IN ONE . TWO REVOLUTIONS WITHIN A SINGLE MONTH HAVE THUS PUT THE BAATHISTS INTO POWER IN TWO NATIONS STRETCHING FROM THE MEDITERRANEAN TO THE PERSIAN GULF . THE BAATH PARTY STRONGLY EMPHASIZES UNITY WITH ALL ARAB STATES, INCLUDING EGYPT, BUT REJECTS DICTATORSHIP BY ANYONE, INCLUDING NASSER . ITS PHILOSOPHY CALLS FOR ITTIHAD, LOOSE FEDERATION, AND PLEDGES OVERALL ALLEGIANCE TO URUBA, A PERVASIVE PANARABISM . WHEN NEWS OF THE SYRIAN REVOLT REACHED THE IRAQI CAPITAL OF BAGHDAD, A MILITARY PARADE WAS TRANSFORMED INTO A VICTORY CELEBRATION, WITH LONG LINES OF CITIZENS AND STUDENTS SNAKE-DANCING THROUGH THE CITY . IN CAIRO, NASSER'S MEN HAILED THE NEW SYRIAN REGIME . IT SEEMS PROBABLE THAT NASSER WILL PROFIT FROM HIS PAST MISTAKES AND SETTLE FOR A COALITION OF " LIBERATED " ARAB STATES GOVERNED BY BAATHISTS AND PRO-NASSERITES BUT RETAINING THEIR SEPARATE IDENTITIES AND SOVEREIGNTIES . THE REVOLUTIONARY WAVE NEXT THREATENS THE MONARCHIES OF JORDAN AND SAUDI ARABIA, WHICH HAVE BITTERLY OPPOSED NASSER'S INTERVENTION IN YEMEN AND HAVE NO LOVE FOR THE UNITY PROPOSALS OF THE BAATH PARTY . THE BELEAGUERED KINGDOMS LAST WEEK SEEMED TO BE GIRDING FOR A LAST-DITCH STAND . KING HUSSEIN ALERTED HIS ARAB LEGION, THE MOST EFFICIENT FIGHTING FORCE IN THE ARAB WORLD . PRINCE FEISAL, PREMIER OF SAUDI ARABIA, PROTESTED THAT EGYPTIAN PLANES HAD BOMBED SAUDI TOWNS ON THE YEMEN BORDER AND ANGRILY DECLARED, " LET THE WORLD KNOW THAT WE ARE NOT AFRAID OF WAR . WE SAUDIS ARE INDEED THE CHILDREN OF WAR . IF WE HAVE TO DIE, THEN LET US DIE WITH HONOR . UNLESS THESE ATTACKS, PROVOCATIONS AND CHILDISH ACTS END, THEN THIS COUNTRY WILL TURN THE TABLES AND TURN THE AGGRESSORS HEAD OVER HEELS . " POSITIVE WAY . THE UNITED NATIONS' SPECIAL ENVOY TO THE MIDDLE EAST, DR . RALPH BUNCHE, LAST WEEK VISITED THE REPUBLICAN AREAS OF YEMEN AS PART OF THE U.N . EFFORT TO PREVENT THE ARKANSAS-SIZED NATION FROM BECOMING AN INTERNATIONAL BATTLEGROUND . YEMEN HAD DELAYED BUNCHE'S VISIT UNTIL AN EGYPTIAN ARMORED COLUMN COULD SEIZE THE FORMERLY ROYALIST-HELD TOWN OF MARIB, AND THEN EXHIBITED IT TO BUNCHE AS EVIDENCE OF REPUBLICAN CONTROL OF THE COUNTRY . AFTER A 60-MINUTE SESSION WITH YEMEN'S STRONGMAN ABDULLAH SALLAL, BUNCHE DECLARED, " I WAS MOST IMPRESSED BY HIS EARNESTNESS, SINCERITY, STRENGTH AND SERIOUSNESS OF PURPOSE . " STOPPING OFF IN CAIRO ON HIS WAY HOME, BUNCHE CONFERRED FOR TWO HOURS WITH NASSER, THEN SAW NEWSMEN . HE EMPHASIZED THAT THE YEMENI PEOPLE HE SAW SUPPORTED SALLAL'S GOVERNMENT / IN A POSITIVE WAY . " THE RADIO VOICE OF THE ROYALIST TRIBESMEN FIGHTING TO RESTORE THE IMAM PLAINTIVELY BEGGED BUNCHE TO VISIT THE AREAS THEY CONTROLLED " AND SEE THE REAL TRUTH SEE THE ROADS, RAVINES AND MOUNTAINS OF YEMEN LITTERED WITH EGYPTIAN DEAD . " BUT, ON THIS TRIP AT LEAST, RALPH BUNCHE WAS SATISFIED TO DRAW HIS CONCLUSIONS FROM ONE SIDE ONLY . LATER, THE U.N . LET IT BE KNOWN THAT HE PLANS TO VISIT THE IMAM ON A SEPARATE JOURNEY IN THE NEAR FUTURE . HARD LOOK . IN 1958, THE LAST TIME THERE WAS A BIG REVOLUTIONARY CRISIS IN THE MIDDLE EAST, THE U.S . RUSHED 14,000 MARINES AND TROOPS TO LEBANON . LAST WEEK THE U.S . ROLE WAS FAR MORE AMBIVALENT . WASHINGTON SENT A MESSAGE TO NASSER EXPRESSING " GRAVE CONCERN " AT CONTINUED EGYPTIAN BOMBING OF SAUDI ARABIA . INSTEAD OF MARINES, THE U.S . SENT VETERAN DIPLOMAT ELLSWORTH BUNKER TO SAUDI ARABIA TO REASSURE THE UNDERSTANDABLY NERVOUS PRINCE FEISAL . U.S . POLICY SEEMS AIMED AT SAFEGUARDING THE TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY OF JORDAN AND SAUDI ARABIA FROM AGGRESSION BEYOND THEIR BORDERS, NOT IN MAINTAINING THE MONARCHS IN POWER AGAINST THEIR OWN PEOPLE . IN ISRAEL, PREMIER DAVID BENGURION INTERRUPTED A VACATION TO CONFER WITH HIS DEFENSE CHIEFS . THE REVOLUTION IN SYRIA IS UNLIKELY TO BE THE FINAL FIRECRACKER ON THE STRING . BAATHIST AND NASSERITE ELEMENTS ARE KNOWN TO BE AT WORK IN JORDAN, ESPECIALLY AMONG THE PALESTINIAN ARABS . SAUDI ARABIA CAN NO LONGER TRUST ITS SMALL AIR FORCE OR EVEN THE OFFICER CORPS OF ITS REGULAR ARMY . IF IT COMES TO FIGHTING, THE SAUDI RULERS WILL DEPEND ON THEIR " WHITE ARMY, " THE BEDOUIN TRIBESMEN TRADITIONALLY LOYAL TO THE KING . BUT IF THE ROAD AHEAD LOOKS ROUGH FOR THE MONARCHIES, IT BY NO MEANS IS SMOOTH FOR THE / LIBERATED " STATES, SINCE VICTORY MOST OFTEN PRESENTS ONLY NEW OCCASIONS FOR QUARRELS, IN KEEPING WITH THE ARAB PROVERB THAT SAYS, " I AND MY BROTHER AGAINST MY COUSIN ; I AND MY COUSIN AGAINST THE FOREIGNER . / 
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FRANCE TO THE MINES ! FOR ALL THE EXCITED HEADLINES, S.A.O . TERRORISM WAS HARDLY CHARLES DE GAULLE'S MAIN CONCERN LAST WEEK . FAR GRAVER WAS THE CHALLENGE TO HIS AUTHORITY POSED BY FRANCE'S ECONOMY . IT TOOK THE FORM OF A SPREADING LABOR STRIKE LED BY 188,000 STUBBORN MINERS CONCENTRATED IN THE GRIM COAL DISTRICTS OF NORTHERN FRANCE . THREE RIVAL UNIONS (ROMAN CATHOLIC, SOCIALIST, COMMUNIST) WERE OUT OF THE PITS IN A JOINT DEMAND FOR A 12 PER CENT PAY BOOST TO COMPENSATE FOR THE CREEPING INFLATION THAT HAS WIPED OUT MUCH OF THEIR PURCHASING POWER IN THE PAST THREE YEARS . DE GAULLE'S REPLY WAS IN THE AUTHORITARIAN TRADITION OF AN ANGRY OLD SOLDIER . HE PUT HIS SIGNATURE TO A SPECIAL DECREE THAT HAS THE EFFECT OF DRAFTING THE STRIKERS INTO THE NATIONAL SERVICEORDERS CAN BE SIGNED BY THE PREMIER ; BY ISSUING IT HIMSELF, DE GAULLE PUT HIS OWN PRESTIGE ON THE LINE AGAINST THE STRIKERS . AS STRATEGISTS, THE MINERS TURNED OUT TO BE WORTHY OPPONENTS . THOUGH TEMPTED TO STRIKE EARLIER BECAUSE OF THE SWIFTLY RISING COST OF LIVING, THE MINERS HELD OFF UNTIL FRANCE'S COAL STOCKS HAD BEEN USED UP BY THE BITTER COLD OF THE PAST MONTHS . WHEN THE STRIKE WAS ONLY A FEW DAYS OLD, FACTORIES BEGAN TO SHUT DOWN FROM LACK OF FUEL . SUPPORT FOR THE MINERS CAME FROM ALL SIDES . ROMAN CATHOLIC BISHOP GERARD HUYGHE OF ARRAS PUBLICLY STATED THAT THEIR CONDITIONS MUST BE IMPROVED . IN PARIS, 3,000 UNIVERSITY STUDENTS DEMONSTRATED FOR THE STRIKERS, SHOUTING " DE GAULLE TO THE MINES ! " THE WINE DEALERS ASSOCIATION PROMISED TO SEND 2,600 GALLONS OF RED WINE TO THE BEER-DRINKING MINERS . OTHER UNIONS PULLED SHORT SYMPATHY STRIKES : RAILROAD WORKERS QUIT FOR 15 MINUTES ; GAS AND ELECTRIC WORKERS WALKED OUT FOR TWO HOURS, STALLING SUBWAYS, STOPPING WORK IN FACTORIES, TRAPPING SOME UNWARY CITIZENS IN ELEVATORS BETWEEN FLOORS . DE GAULLE'S REQUISITION ORDER ISELF WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR MUCH OF THE SYMPATHY FOR THE MINERS . UNDER LAST WEEK'S DECREE, FAILURE TO RETURN TO WORK CAN BE PUNISHED BY DISMISSAL, FINES AND, UNDER CERTAIN CONDITIONS, JAIL TERMS . A COAL CUTTER IN LENS SAID : " WE WERE STRIKING FOR MONEY AND SHORTER HOURS, BUT NOW WE'RE STRIKING FOR THE RIGHT TO STRIKE . " AT WEEK'S END PREMIER GEORGES POMPIDOU TOOK HIS CASE TO THE PEOPLE IN A NATIONWIDE TELEVISION BROADCAST, URGING THE MINERS TO RETURN TO WORK TO PROTECT " THE LIFE AND PROSPERITY OF THE NATION . " HE WAS STILL STANDING FIRM ON MONEY : " THE REASONABLE RHYTHM OF SALARY INCREASES PROHIBITS GIVING THE MINERS WHAT THEY ASK . " ALL THE GOVERNMENT WOULD PROMISE WAS A 5.7 PER CENT BOOST SPREAD OVER TEN MONTHS . 
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WEST GERMANY LOOKING EASTWARD FOR YEARS, THE WEST GERMAN GOVERNMENT HAS NURSED A CERTAIN LONGING FOR CLOSER TIES WITH NEIGHBORING EASTERN EUROPE, IN PART BECAUSE MOSCOW'S UNDERDEVELOPED SATELLITES WOULD BE A JUICY MARKET FOR BONN'S HEAVY INDUSTRIAL GOODS . BUT COMMUNIST POLAND, FOR ONE, KEPT INSISTING ON A MAJOR POLITICAL SURRENDER BEFORE ANY DEAL WAS SIGNED : FULL DIPLOMATIC RECOGNITION OF WLADYSLAW GOMULKA'S POLISH REGIME, AND ACCEPTANCE OF POLAND'S ODERNEISSE WESTERN FRONTIER, WHICH INCLUDES A BIG CHUNK OF PRE-WORLD WAR II GERMANY . WITH 14 MILLION ANGRY REFUGEES FROM THE EAST ADDED TO ITS POPULATION SINCE THE WAR, THE BONN GOVERNMENT COULD HARDLY SWALLOW THAT KIND OF PROPOSITION . LAST WEEK, AFTER THREE MONTHS OF DELICATE NEGOTIATIONS IN WARSAW, POLAND AT LAST DROPPED ITS TOUGH DEMANDS, AND THE TWO SIDES SIGNED THEIR FIRST LONG-TERM TRADE AGREEMENT, A THREE-YEAR, $650 MILLION PACT EXCHANGING WEST GERMAN MACHINERY AND METALS FOR POLISH MEAT, FRUIT AND DAIRY PRODUCTS . WEST GERMANY WILL SEND A PERMANENT TRADE MISSION TO WARSAW, ITS FIRST PERMANENT OUTPOST IN A SOVIET SATELLITE LAND . BONN OFFICIALS CLEARLY FEEL THE WAY IS OPEN FOR SIMILAR DEALS WITH HUNGARY AND CZECHOSLOVAKIA . 
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WEST GERMANY WHO'S NEXT ? CRUSTY OLD CHANCELLOR KONRAD ADENAUER WAS LAYING ABOUT HIM WITH SPLENDID GUSTO LAST WEEK, WISECRACKING ABOUT AMERICAN POLITICS ( " SAY, WHAT EVER HAPPENED TO LYNDON JOHNSON .Q? " ; , NEEDLING THE BRITISH (HE SAYS THEY DELIBERATELY SPREAD MISCONCEPTIONS), EVEN TAKING A BACKHANDED DIG AT HIS PAL IN PARIS, CHARLES DE GAULLE . " STUPIDITY " WAS THE CAUSE OF WESTERN EUROPE'S CURRENT DISUNITY, ADENAUER TOLD A DINNER MEETING OF THE FOREIGN PRESS IN BONN . WHOSE STUPIDITY ? " I BELIEVE THESE THINGS HAVE BEEN COMMITTED NOT ONLY BY BRITAIN BUT BY OTHERS AS WELL, " HE SIGHED . WAS ANY OF IT COMMITTED ON THE RIVER SEINE ? ASKED A REPORTER . " I DELIBERATELY HAVE NOT MENTIONED ANY NAMES, " RETORTED DER ALTE . " WHOEVER FITS THE COAT SHOULD WEAR IT . " ADENAUER'S FREE AND EASY REMARKS WERE MERELY SIGNS OF THE RELAXED AND REFLECTIVE MOOD THAT HAS COME OVER THE 87-YEAR-OLD CHANCELLOR NOW THAT HE HAS FINALLY MADE UP HIS MIND TO GIVE UP WEST GERMANY'S TOP JOB . LAST WEEK HE OFFERED NO OBJECTIONS WHEN A CAUCUS MEETING OF HIS CHRISTIAN DEMOCRATS AUTHORIZED C.D.U . BUNDESTAG LEADER HEINRICH VON BRENTANO TO CANVASS ALL THE FACTIONS AND SUGGEST A CANDIDATE TO TAKE OVER NEXT FALL AND LEAD THE PARTY IN THE 1965 ELECTIONS . THE HEIR-APPARENT IS STILL AVUNCULAR ECONOMICS MINISTER LUDWIG ERHARD, ARCHITECT OF THE WEST GERMAN ECONOMIC BOOM, AND THE MOST POPULAR CHOICE AMONG WEST GERMAN VOTERS . ONE CABINET MINISTER GUESSES THAT ERHARD ALSO COMMANDS THE LOYALTY OF 60 PER CENT OF C.D.U . POLITICIANS . BUT ERHARD STILL HAS ONE FORMIDABLE ENEMY DER ALTE HIMSELF WHO HAS CONDUCTED A PETULANT FEUD WITH PAUNCHY " UNCLE LUDWIG . " ADENAUER'S INFLUENCE IS STILL GREAT, AND LAST WEEK THE FIELD WAS STILL WIDE OPEN WITH HALF A DOZEN OTHER CANDIDATES, LED BY FOREIGN MINISTER GERHARD SCHRODER, TO BE CONSIDERED . WHO WOULD DER ALTE PREFER ? " I DON'T WANT TO PSYCH ANYONE INTO MISERY, " HE GRINNED IMPISHLY TO FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS . " DO YOU THINK THIS JOB IS A PLEASURE ? / 
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COMMUNISTS ON THE ANNIVERSARY AFTER STALIN'S 70TH BIRTHDAY IN 1949, IT TOOK PRAVDA 22 MONTHS TO PRINT ALL THE NAMES OF HIS WELL-WISHERS . LAST WEEK, ON THE TENTH ANNIVERSARY OF THE TYRANT'S DEATH, THERE WAS NOT A SINGLE MENTION BY PRESS OR RADIO OF THE MAN NIKITA KHRUSHCHEV ONCE FULSOMELY PRAISED AS " OUR GREAT LEADER, OUR FRIEND AND FATHER, THE GREATEST MAN OF OUR EPOCH . " IN ALL OF MOSCOW'S MILLIONS, ONLY A SINGLE ANONYMOUS SOUL DARED TO PAY RESPECTS WITH THREE RUBLES WORTH OF YELLOW MIMOSA ON STALIN'S BLACK MARBLE SLAB NEAR THE KREMLIN WALL INY ALBANIA, SEIZING ANY EXCUSE TO DEFY THE SOVIETS, WAS GUSHING STALIN'S PRAISE . ALL OVER THE COUNTRY, MONUMENTS TO THE DEAD DICTATOR WERE HUNG WITH GARLANDS OF FLOWERS ; TIRANA NEWSPAPERS PUBLISHED HIS PICTURE AND BABBLED THEIR " LOVE AND PROFOUND RESPECT FOR HIS TEACHINGS . " RED CHINA MIGHT ALSO HAVE BEEN EXPECTED TO USE THE OCCASION TO GLORIFY STALIN'S MEMORY, BUT REMEMBERING THE DICTATOR'S OPEN DISTRUST OF HIS ASIAN COMRADES, PEKING CHOSE NOT TO BE HYPOCRITICAL . INSTEAD, MAO TSE-TUNG TOOK THE OCCASION TO LAUNCH HIS TOUGHEST, MOST STRIDENT BLAST AT MOSCOW SINCE THE SINO-SOVIET SQUABBLE BEGAN . A 60,000-WORD BROADSIDE IN PEKING'S THEORETICAL JOURNAL RED FLAG DECLARED : " CERTAIN PEOPLE, THOUGH CALLING THEMSELVES MARXIST-LENINISTS, ARE IN FACT MUDDLEHEADED ; THEY TALK DRIVEL . . . THEY EITHER MAKE ENDLESS CONCESSIONS TO THE ENEMY AND THUS COMMIT THE ERROR OF CAPITULATIONISM, OR ACT RECKLESSLY AND THUS COMMIT THE ERROR OF ADVENTURISM . " PEKING ADDED CONTEMPTUOUSLY THAT COMMUNISTS LIKE RUSSIA'S KHRUSHCHEV, ITALY'S TOGLIATTI AND FRANCE'S THOREZ, WHO ADVOCATED " PEACEFUL " REVOLUTION IN THE WEST, WERE GUILTY OF " PARLIAMENTARY CRETINISM . " RED CHINA'S NEW TONE MADE THE SQUABBLE FOR SUPREMACY IN THE COMMUNIST WORLD SOUND ALL BUT IRRECONCILABLE . " IF IT IS A CASE OF MASTERS WIELDING CLUBS OVER THE HEADS OF SERVANTS, CALLING FOR UNITY, THEN WHAT IS ACTUALLY MEANT IS A SPLIT, " DECLARED RED FLAG . SWITCHING TO ANOTHER METAPHOR, PEKING INTONED OMINOUSLY THAT " NOW THERE ARE TWO WATCHES " BY WHICH COMMUNISTS CAN TELL THE TIME . " WHICH IS TO BE THE MASTER WATCH ? " MOSCOW DID NOT SHOUT BACK LAST WEEK ; BUT IT COULD NOT LONG REMAIN SILENT, LEST KHRUSHCHEV APPEAR TO BE THE " COWARD " THAT MAO NOW CALLED HIM . NOW THAT THE CHINESE REDS HAVE NAILED THEIR THESES TO THE KREMLIN WALL, SOME MEN IN MOSCOW WOULD BE THINKING OF EXCOMMUNICATION . STALIN'S POSTHUMOUS EXCOMMUNICATION TOOK ONLY THREE YEARS TO ACCOMPLISH, AND ALREADY THE SINO-SOVIET QUARREL HAS RAGES FOR LONGER THAN THAT . 
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YUGOSLAVIA RETURN OF THE BAKER THROUGH ALL THE YEARS OF MARSHAL TITO'S COMMUNIST RULE, A SPECIAL NICHE HAS BEEN PROVIDED FOR THE SMALL PRIVATE BUSINESSMAN WHO WAS SOMEHOW ABLE TO SUPPLY PRODUCTS AND SERVICES THE STATE-CONTROLLED ORGANIZATION COULD NOT MATCH . BUT A YEAR OR SO AGO, THE PROFITS OF THE BARBERS, BLACKSMITHS, PASTRYMAKERS, COBBLERS AND TAILORS BEGAN TO GET OUT OF HAND ; THEY BOUGHT CARS AND RENTED SUMMER HOMES ON FASHIONABLE LAKESIDES . LAST MAY TITO'S REGIME DECIDED TO WIPE THEM OUT . TAXES ON PRIVATE BUSINESS WERE RAISED SEVENFOLD . A PRIVATE TAILOR WITH ONE HELPER PAID THE SAME AMOUNT OF TAX AS A BELGRADE TAILORS' COMMUNIST COOPERATIVE WITH SEVEN EMPLOYEES . IT WAS TOO MUCH FOR ANY ARTISAN . BY THE END OF 1962, NEARLY 10,000 PRIVATE CRAFTSMEN CLOSED UP SHOP, 3,000 IN CROATIA ALONE . THE THEORETICIANS WERE HAPPY AT THE TURN OF EVENTS, BUT MANY OTHER YUGOSLAVS WERE NOT . THEY FOUND IT VIRTUALLY IMPOSSIBLE IN SOME AREAS TO OBTAIN THE SERVICES OF A PLUMBER OR ELECTRICIAN . TO GET A PAIR OF SHOES REPAIRED TODAY TAKES A MONTH . BELGRADE'S FAMED CANDY AND PASTRY SHOPS ARE NEARLY ALL CLOSED, AND THE STATE-BAKED PITA A SERBIAN PASTRY FILLED WITH FRUIT IS NO EDIBLE SUBSTITUTE . THE GRUMBLING GOT SO LOUD THAT EVEN PRESIDENT TITO ADMITTED IN A SPEECH THAT " A REAL WITCH HUNT WAS STARTED AGAINST THE ALLEGED ENRICHMENT OF ARTISANS, AND EXCESSIVELY HIGH TAXES WERE LEVIED AGAINST THEM . " HE SUGGESTED THE MATTER BE ATTENDED TO . LAST WEEK THE YUGOSLAV PARLIAMENT WAS PREPARING TO PASS A NEW TAX LAW THAT " WILL NOT DISCOURAGE THE DEVELOPMENT OF CRAFTS . " THE PARTY'S OFFICIAL MOUTHPIECE, BELGRADE'S DAILY BORBA, OFFERED A DISTINCTLY NON-MARXIAN RATIONALE FOR THE RETREAT : " THE LAW TREATS PRIVATE CRAFTSMEN AS AN ADDITIONAL BUT SIGNIFICANT ECONOMIC BRANCH WHICH FITS WELL IN THE SYSTEM OF SOCIALIST ECONOMY . / 
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SOUTH VIET NAM DEATH OF THE MISSIONARIES IT BEGAN LIKE A TRIP TO A CHURCH PICNIC . CRAMMED INTO THE LAND-ROVER BOUNCING OVER SOUTH VIET NAM'S HEAVILY TRAVELED ROUTE 20 WERE AMERICAN MISSIONARY ELWOOD JACOBSEN, 35, AND FILIPINO MISSIONARY GASPAR MAKIL, 36, WITH THEIR WIVES AND FIVE CHILDREN . AFTER MONTHS OF MINISTERING TO PRIMITIVE VIETNAMESE NATIVES, THE TWO MISSIONARIES AND THEIR FAMILIES WERE HEADED FOR THE MAKIL HOME NEAR THE MOUNTAIN RESORT OF DALAT . BUT 50 MILES NORTHEAST OF SAIGON THEIR CAR RAN INTO A STRING OF AUTOS STALLED IN THE CENTER OF THE ROAD . AROUND THEM SWARMED SOME 20 GRIM-FACED VIETNAMESE WEARING RUBBER SANDALS, TREE BRANCHES THRUST INTO THEIR BELTS FOR CAMOUFLAGE, AND LIGHT FIELD PACKS OVER THEIR BLACK PEASANT GARB . " WE WERE ORDERED OUT OF THE CAR, " SAID MRS . JACOBSEN, " BUT WE WEREN'T FRIGHTENED . WE THOUGHT WE WOULD BE ON OUR WAY IN A FEW MINUTES . " THIS WAS NOT TO BE, FOR THE HAPLESS MISSIONARY FAMILIES WERE CAUGHT IN A ROADBLOCK OF THE COMMUNIST VIET CONG . WITHOUT WARNING THE REDS OPENED UP ON THE TWO UNARMED FAMILIES IN A WITHERING BLAST OF CARBINE AND SUBMACHINE-GUN FIRE . THREE-YEAR-OLD THOMAS MAKIL FELL WITH A BULLET IN HIS LEG, AND SLUGS RIPPED THROUGH HIS FOUR-MONTH-OLD SISTER JANIE'S BODY INTO HER FATHER, KILLING THEM BOTH . ELWOOD JACOBSEN JERKED BACKWARD AND FELL DEAD INTO THE ROAD . " I STARTED HOLLERING " ELWOOD, ELWOOD,' " SAID MRS . JACOBSEN, " BUT I GOT NO ANSWER . " IN A FLASH, THE REDS DISAPPEARED INTO THE JUNGLE ; MOMENTS LATER, A TRUCKLOAD OF GOVERNMENT TROOPS LUMBERED INTO SIGHT DOWN THE ROAD . FOR THE LATEST VICTIMS IN THE UGLY WAR OF SOUTH VIET NAM, RESCUE HAD BEEN JUST MINUTES AWAY . 
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EAST AFRICA THE ASIANS IN THEIR MIDST FOR MANY EUROPEAN SETTLERS, / AFRICA FOR THE AFRICANS " SIMPLY MEANS PACKING UP AND GOING HOME, PAINFUL THOUGH IT MAY BE . THE FUTURE IS FAR DARKER FOR THE ASIANS IN EAST AFRICA, WHO HAVE LONG FORMED A PRECARIOUS MIDDLE CLASS . DESPISED BY COLOR-CONSCIOUS WHITES, WHOM THEY GREATLY OUTNUMBER (400,000 TO 96,000), RESENTED BY EAST AFRICA'S 25 MILLION BLACKS, THE ASIANS MOSTLY INDIANS AND PAKISTANIS ARE LOATH TO RETURN TO HOMELANDS THAT FEW HAVE SEEN, AND WHERE JOBS ARE ALREADY CRITICALLY SCARCE . FOR THE GREAT MAJORITY OF ASIANS, THERE IS NO OTHER ALTERNATIVE BUT TO STAY ON IN AN INCREASINGLY HOSTILE AFRICA WHERE, AS ONE WESTERN DIPLOMAT SUCCINCTLY SAID RECENTLY, THEY ARE " THE HARD UPPER RUNG AGAINST WHICH THE RISING AFRICAN BUMPS HIS HEAD . " EXPORTING PROFITS . THOUGH THEY HAVE BEEN TRADING ON THE EAST COAST OF AFRICA FOR CENTURIES, MOST OF EAST AFRICA'S ASIANS HAVE TAKEN ROOT IN THIS ALIEN LAND ONLY SINCE 1895, WHEN THE BRITISH BROUGHT IN 32,000 INDIAN WORKMEN TO BUILD THE NARROW-GUAGE RAILWAY THAT OPENED THE INTERIOR TO COLONIZATION . ASIAN QUICKLY TURNED FROM RAILROAD BUILDING TO TRADE, AND SO COMPLETELY DOMINATED COMMERCE THAT UNTIL 1919 THE RUPEE WAS THE OFFICIAL CURRENCY OF EAST AFRICA . TODAY, MILLIONAIRE INDIAN MERCHANTS AND MANUFACTURERS OCCUPY SOME OF NAIROBI'S FINEST HOMES ; BUT THE ASIANS ARE FOR THE MOST PART SMALL SHOPKEEPERS DUKA WALLAHS TO THE AFRICANS AND JUNIOR CIVIL SERVANTS, WHO HAVE NEVER FOUND MIDDLECLASS SECURITY IN THEIR MIDDLE-CLASS VOCATIONS . AFRICAN NATIONALISTS HAVE LONG COMPLAINED THAT THE ASIANS ARE A CLANNISH, ALIEN PEOPLE WHOSE ONLY INTEREST IN AFRICA LIES IN THE PROFITS TO BE WRUNG FROM AFRICAN CUSTOMERS . " THE INDIANS ARE OPPORTUNISTS AND QUISLINGS, " CRIES NYASALAND'S PRIME MINISTER HASTINGS BANDA . " EVERYWHERE IN THE COUNTRY THEY ARE TAKING BUSINESS FROM AFRICAN BUSINESSMEN . " THE ASIANS MAKE A HABIT OF SHIPPING MUCH OF THEIR PROFIT OUT OF AFRICA ; AFRICAN POLITICIANS CHARGED BITTERLY LAST FALL THAT THEIR TRUE LOYALTY WAS DISCLOSED BY THE SUMS OF MONEY THAT THEY RAISED FOR INDIA DURING THE BORDER WAR WITH CHINA . THREE YEARS AGO, HALF OF THE ASIAN MERCHANTS IN UGANDA'S BUGANDA KINGDOM WERE DRIVEN OUT OF THE COUNTRY BY A WAVE OF UGLY VIOLENCE AND A BOYCOTT OF ASIAN SHOPS . EAST AFRICANS WERE CHEERED LAST WEEK BY THE DEPARTURE FROM MOZAMBIQUE OF THE LAST BATCH OF 4,600 INDIANS DEPORTED TO THEIR HOMELAND BY PORTUGUESE AUTHORITIES IN REVENGE FOR INDIA'S 1961 TAKEOVER OF GOA . IN TANGANYIKA, ALL 6,000 ASIAN CIVIL SERVANTS WILL LOSE THEIR JOBS AS SOON AS ENOUGH AFRICANS CAN BE FOUND TO REPLACE THEM . AFRICAN LEADERSHIP . IN KENYA, WHEN EX-MAU MAU DETAINEES RETURNED TO THEIR VILLAGES AFTER REHABILITATION COURSES IN BRITISH CAMPS, THEY USED THEIR NEW KNOWLEDGE OF BASIC ECONOMICS TO TAKE OVER RURAL TRADING POSTS FROM THE LONG-HATED ASIANS . LATELY, KENYA'S INDIAN MERCHANTS HAVE CONTRIBUTED HEAVILY TO BOTH BIG AFRICAN POLITICAL PARTIES IN HOPES OF BUYING PROTECTION AFTER KENYA GETS UHURU (FREEDOM) . KENYA'S NATIONALIST LEADER TOM MBOYA IS ONE OF THE FEW POLITICIANS TO PLEDGE THAT HIS KENYA AFRICAN NATIONAL UNION WILL PERMIT NOT ONE TO BE " VICTIMIZED ON GROUNDS OF RACE, COLOR, TRIBE OR RELIGION . " BUT EVEN MBOYA ADDS BLANDLY, " WE OF COURSE WISH TO SEE ASIANS AND OTHER NON-AFRICANS ADAPT THEMSELVES TO THE NEW ORDER BY ACCEPTING AFRICAN LEADERSHIP AND AFRICAN GOVERNMENT . / 
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SENEGAL ONLY ONE HAT THREE MONTHS AGO, IN A BITTER END TO A BEAUTIFUL FRIENDSHIP, POET-PRESIDENT LEOPOLD SENGHOR OF PEANUT-GROWING SENEGAL, ON THE WEST AFRICAN COAST, BOOTED OUT OF OFFICE HIS OLD FRIEND, PREMIER MAMADOU DIA, AFTER DIA HAD TURNED ON SENGHOR IN AN ATTEMPTED COUP . LAST WEEK, IN A REFERENDUM RUN OFF WHILE DIA LANGUISHED BEHIND THE BARBED WIRE OF A MILITARY CAMP OUTSIDE DAKAR AWAITING TRIAL FOR TREASON, THE 56-YEAR-OLD SENGHOR LEGALIZED HIS POSITION AS SENEGAL'S STRONGMAN . WHILE PRO-SENGHOR DEMONSTRATORS CHANTED, " A SINGLE HAT ON A SINGLE HEAD, " MORE THAN 1,000,000 SENEGALESE, SHUFFLED TO THE POLLS AND HANDED SENGHOR A 99.5 PER CENT OUI ON A NEW SENGHOR-TAILORED CONSTITUTION . TRUE TO THE SLOGAN, THE NEW CHARTER SCRAPS SENEGAL'S TWO-MAN, PRESIDENT-PREMIER SYSTEM IN FAVOR OF A SINGLE, STRONG PRESIDENCY FOR SENGHOR . THE VICTORY WAS RESOUNDING PROOF OF SENGHOR'S SUPPORT AMONG SENEGAL'S MASSES, AND IT IS MADE ALL THE MORE IMPRESSIVE BY THE FACT THAT HE IS A ROMAN CATHOLIC IN A 70 PER CENT MOSLEM LAND . BUT THE OUTCOME WAS ALSO, IN A SENSE, A PAINFUL DEFEAT FOR BLACK AFRICA'S MOST DISTINGUISHED INTELLECTUAL . FOR IT HAD BEEN THE BESPECTACLED SENGHOR WHO ORIGINALLY INSTALLED SENEGAL'S TWO-HEADED SYSTEM OF DIVIDED POWERS AFTER LEADING THE COUNTRY INTO INDEPENDENCE 2F YEARS AGO . UNTIL HE AND DIA FELL OUT, FRENCH-ORIENTED SENGHOR* LOFTILY RIDICULED OTHER FRENCH AFRICAN NATIONS THAT HAD CHOSEN ONE-MAN RULE . NOW, WHATEVER HIS CONTINUING POPULARITY AT HOME, SENGHOR HAS PROBABLY LOST SOME OF HIS EFFECTIVENESS AS THE LEADING SPOKESMAN FOR POLITICAL LIBERALISM IN FORMER FRENCH AFRICA . THE BRILLIANT SENGHOR'S INTELLECTUAL CREDENTIALS ARE IMPRESSIVE INDEED . HIS MUCHDISCUSSED POETIC WORKS INCLUDE CHANTS D'OMBRE, ETHIOPIQUES AND NOCTURNES . WITH MARTINIQUE'S POET AIME CESAIRE, SENGHOR FOUNDED THE MYSTIC PHILOSOPHY OF " NEGRITUDE . " SENGHOR WAS THE FIRST AFRICAN EVER TO WIN FRANCE'S COVETED AGREGATION DE GRAMMAIRE ACADEMIC DEGREE, AND HE SERVED WITH DISTINCTION AS A TERRITORIAL MEMBER OF THE POSTWAR FRENCH NATIONAL ASSEMBLY . BY ALL ACCOUNTS, HE HAS BEEN BROODING OVER THE POLITICAL CIRCUMSTANCES WHICH FORCED HIM TO END HIS 17-YEAR FRIENDSHIP WITH DIA AND TAKE OVER AS STRONGMAN . BUT SENGHOR WAS NOT LIKELY TO LET HIS SENSE OF GUILT GET HIM DOWN . HE IS, AFTER ALL, A STRONG ADMIRER OF CHARLES DE GAULLE, AND MODELED HIS NEW CONSTITUTION PARTLY ON DE GAULLE'S DESIGN FOR THE FIFTH REPUBLIC IN PARIS . PERHAPS WITH HIS MENTOR IN MIND, SENGHOR CONCEDED IN ONE OF HIS POEMS THAT " ABSOLUTE POWER REQUIRES THE BLOOD OF THE MOST DEAR BEING . " IN ANY CASE, BY WEEK'S END HE HAD GRANDLY CHRISTENED SENEGAL'S NEW REGIME, " LA DEUXIEME REPUBLIQUE . HIS WIFE COLETTE, AN ATTRACTIVE WOMAN IN HER 30S, IS FROM NORMANDY . 
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KENYA ! THE ROAD TO UHURU TEN YEARS AFTER THE BLOODY MAU MAU WAR AGAINST THE WHITES, THE BRITISH FINALLY AGREED LAST WEEK TO LET THEIR EAST AFRICAN COLONY OF KENYA TAKE ITS FIRST BIG STEP TOWARD UHURU FREEDOM . ENDING THREE WEEKS OF TALKS IN NAIROBI WITH KENYA'S TRIBAL-BACKED POLITICAL LEADERS, AMONG THEM GREY-BEARDED EX-MAU MAU CHIEFTAIN JOMO ( " BURNING SPEAR " ) KENYATTA, COLONIAL SECRETARY DUNCAN SANDYS EMERGED TO MAKE HIS ANNOUNCEMENT TO THE PRESS . ELECTIONS WILL BE HELD MAY 18-26 FOR THE COLONY'S FIRST INTERNAL SELF-GOVERNMENT . TO BE ELECTED UNDER A NEW, 300-PAGE CONSTITUTION : SEVEN ASSEMBLIES, PLUS A TWO-HOUSE FEDERAL PARLIAMENT WITH OVERWHELMING BLACK MAJORITIES COMPLETE INDEPENDENCE WILL ALMOST CERTAINLY FOLLOW IN SPRING 1964 . STANDING BY SANDYS' SIDE AS THE LATTER SPOKE, OLD BURNING SPEAR NODDED SILENT, SOLEMN APPROVAL . 
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GREAT BRITAIN THIS HAPPY BREEDING BESIDES THE FACT THAT THERE WILL ALWAYS BE ONE, CLICHES ABOUT ENGLAND ARE ALMOST INFINITE IN VARIETY . IT RAINS ALL THE TIME ; THE COOKING IS MISERABLE NOTHING BUT MUTTON, TEA, SUETY PUDDINGS AND, GOOD LORD, THE BEER IS SERVED WARM . THEN THERE IS THE STEREOTYPE BRITISH MALE : A STOICAL, PIPE-PUFFING, BAGGY-TWEEDS TYPE WHO ESCHEWS SEX FOR A ROUSING GAME OF DARTS IN THE LOCAL PUB, AND WHEN HE DOES INDULGE IS AWKWARD AND PASSIONLESS . BRITISH WOMEN ARE, FOR LACK OF PRACTICE, FRIGID . NONE OF THESE THINGS HAS EVER BEEN VERY TRUE . BUT NOWADAYS, AS FAR AS SEX IS CONCERNED ANYWAY, BRITONS ARE SHATTERING THE WORLD'S ILLUSIONS ABOUT THEIR PROPENSITIES AND PROWESS . IN THE BARGAIN, THEY ARE SHOCKING THEMSELVES . " ARE VIRGINS OBSOLETE . ON THE ISLAND WHERE THE SUBJECT HAS LONG BEEN TABOO IN POLITE SOCIETY, SEX HAS EXPLODED ON THE NATIONAL CONSCIOUSNESS AND INTO NATIONAL HEADLINES . " ARE WE GOING SEX CRAZY ? " ASKS THE LONDON DAILY HERALD . " IS CHASTITY OUTMODED ? " ASKS A SCHOOL MAGAZINE FOR TEEN-AGERS . " ARE VIRGINS OBSOLETE ? " IS THE QUESTION POSED BY THE SOBER NEW STATESMAN . THE ANSWERS VARY, BUT ONE THING IS CLEAR : BRITAIN IS BEING BOMBARDED WITH A BARRAGE OF FRANKNESS ABOUT SEX AND FLOODED WITH A PUBLIC QUESTIONING OF THE LONG-ESTABLISHED VICTORIAN MORAL STANDARDS . WROTE THE ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY, IN A RECENT SUNDAY TIMES ARTICLE, " TODAY THERE IS IN OUR SOCIETY AN IMMENSE OUTBREAK OF PREOCCUPATION WITH VENUS . THERE IS A DWELLING UPON SEX : THE SEX PROBLEM, THE ADJUSTMENTS OF SEX, INSTRUCTION FOR SEX, ADVENTURES OF SEX, STORIES OF SEX, WHAT TO DO WITH SEX, BRIGHTER AND BETTER SEX . " AND THE CANDOR WITH WHICH THE ONCE FORBIDDEN SUBJECT IS BEING EXPLORED IS POSITIVELY ASTONISHING . IT IS THE DECOROUS BRITISH BROADCASTING CORP . THAT LEADS THE DISCUSSION THESE DAYS . BBC PROGRAMS HAVE INCLUDED A LECTURE ON THE ARGUMENTS FOR PREMARITAL INTERCOURSE, A DISCUSSION OF HOMOSEXUALITY (KNOWN ON THE CONTINENT AS LE VICE ANGLAIS), A DRAMA ABOUT AN ABORTIONIST, AND ANOTHER PLAY ABOUT MEN REMINISCING ABOUT THEIR PAST SEX LIFE ( " HER BREASTS COULD FILL CHAMPAGNE GLASSES " ) . ON THE POPULAR SATIRICAL SHOW THAT WAS THE WEEK THAT WAS, THE YOUNG ESTABLISHMENT TYPES POKE A KIND OF SEXUAL FUN THAT WOULD MAKE AMERICA'S FCC BOSS NEWTON MINOW TURN PALE . TAKING OFF ON A GOVERNMENT REPORT THAT ONE BABY IN EVERY EIGHT BORN IN LONDON IS ILLEGITIMATE, BRASSY SINGER MILLICENT MARTIN LAMENTED AS SHE ROCKED A CRADLE : DON'T YOU WEEP, MY LITTLE BABY CAUSE YOU HAVEN'T GOT A DAD . GO TO SLEEP, MY LITTLE BABY, THINGS AREN'T REALLY QUITE SO BAD . THERE'S NO REASON ANY LONGER WHY YOU OUGHT TO FEEL SO BLUE . THE WORLD IS FULL OF BASTARDS JUST LIKE YOU . A DEBRIS OF CONVICTIONS . FACT IS, BOTH ON AND OFF THE AIR WAVES, THE BRITISH ARE DEEPLY CONCERNED WITH THEIR SEARCH FOR WHAT SOME CALL " A NEW MORALITY " TO FIT THE HUSHED-UP FACTS OF LIFE . " THE POPULAR MORALITY IS NOW A WASTELAND, " SAID DR . GEORGE MORRISON CARSTAIRS, 46, PROFESSOR OF PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE AT EDINBURGH UNIVERSITY, IN A RECENT BBC LECTURE . " IT IS LITTERED WITH THE DEBRIS OF BROKEN CONVICTIONS . A NEW CONCEPT IS EMERGING, OF SEXUAL RELATIONSHIPS AS A SOURCE OF PLEASURE, BUT ALSO AS A MUTUAL ENCOUNTERING OF PERSONALITIES IN WHICH EACH EXPLORES THE OTHER AND AT THE SAME TIME DISCOVERS NEW DEPTHS IN HIMSELF OR HERSELF . " IN A VIOLENTLY CONTROVERSIAL REPORT, A GROUP OF THE RELIGIOUS SOCIETY OF FRIENDS ATTACKED THE ONUS ATTACHED TO " A GREAT INCREASE IN ADOLESCENT SEXUAL INTIMACY " AND PREMARITAL AFFAIRS . " IT IS FAIRLY COMMON IN BOTH YOUNG MEN AND WOMEN WITH HIGH STANDARDS OF CONDUCT AND INTEGRITY TO HAVE ONE OR TWO LOVE AFFAIRS, INVOLVING INTERCOURSE, BEFORE THEY FIND THE PERSON THEY WILL ULTIMATELY MARRY, " SAID THE REPORT . THIS, CONCLUDED THE QUAKER REPORT, IS NOT SUCH A SIN . " WHERE THERE IS GENUINE TENDERNESS, AN OPENNESS TO RESPONSIBILITY AND THE SEED OF COMMITMENT, GOD IS SURELY NOT SHUT OUT . " A BLESSING . ALL THE HUBBUB OVER SEX HAS, TO BE SURE, CAUSED A LOT OF MISGIVINGS, AND FEW CHURCHMEN SHARE THE QUAKERS' LIBERAL VIEW . BUT MOST EXPERTS AGREE WITH WRITER V . S . PRITCHETT THAT " ALLOWING FOR ITS CRUDITIES, THE SEXUAL REVOLUTION HAS BEEN ONE OF THE FEW BLESSINGS IN THE LIFE OF THIS CENTURY . " THEY ATTRIBUTE THE NEW SEXUAL TOLERANCE AND THE LESSENING OF VICTORIAN SHAME TO A WIDE VARIETY OF COMBINED CAUSES : THE HEAVY IMPACT OF BOTH WORLD WARS ON THE OLD MORALITY, THE EMANCIPATION OF WOMEN FROM THE HEARTH, A GRADUAL INCREASE IN COEDUCATIONAL SCHOOLING, AND EVEN THE FACT THAT MORE BRITONS TRAVEL ABROAD FOR HOLIDAYS . BUT EXACTLY WHERE THE PRESENT ORGY OF INTROSPECTION WILL LEAD NOT EVEN THE EXPERTS CAN PREDICT . WHAT SEEMS CERTAIN, HOWEVER, IS THAT THE TYPICAL ENGLISHMAN OF A THOUSAND CLICHES IS DOING NO MORE THAN HE EVER DID ; HE IS MERELY HIDING IT LESS . 
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COMMUNISTS GETTING TOGETHER ? " DESPISE THE ENEMY STRATEGICALLY, " WROTE MAO TSE-TUNG IN HIS HANDBOOK FOR REVOLUTIONARIES, " BUT TAKE HIM SERIOUSLY TACTICALLY . " LAST WEEK, DRAWING A BEAD ON HIS ENEMY IN THE KREMLIN, MAO DID BOTH . HE MADE HIS TACTICAL POINT BY ACCEPTING MOSCOW'S CALL FOR BILATERIAL NEGOTIATIONS OVER THE SINO-SOVIET RIFT AND INVITING NIKITA KHRUSHCHEV TO PEKING . " THE COMMUNIST MOVEMENT HAS REACHED A CRITICAL JUNCTURE . THE TIME HAS COME WHEN DIFFERENCES HAVE TO BE SETTLED, " DECLARED THE RED CHINESE, PROPOSING THAT RUSSIA'S PREMIER STOP OFF IN PEKING ON THE WAY TO CAMBODIA, WHERE A STATE VISIT BY KHRUSHCHEV HAS BEEN DISCUSSED FOR SOME TIME . ALTERNATIVELY, SUGGESTED MAO, A RED CHINESE DELEGATION COULD GO TO MOSCOW TO DISCUSS THE SQUABBLE . BUT THE HAUGHTY, PATRONIZING TONE OF THE MESSAGE, OFFERING TO MEET THE SOVIETS ONLY " ON THE BASIS OF FULL EQUALITY, " AND REPEATING THE OLD DEMANDS FOR A ONE-WAY COMPROMISE, WOULD MAKE IT TOUGH FOR RUSSIA TO ACCEPT . EVEN IN THE EVENT OF A MEETING, SAID ONE HONG KONG EXPERT, " WE CAN EXPECT LITTLE BUT A VERBAL AGREEMENT WHICH WILL SOON BREAK DOWN . / 
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RUSSIA TOSCA & A COLD CLIMATE OUT OF THE SOVIET BOONDOCKS COMES A RISING TIDE OF COMPLAINTS ABOUT THE KIND OF PEOPLE THE MOSCOW AUTHORITIES SEND OUT TO THE HINTERLAND . TOO OFTEN, THEY ARE TROUBLEMAKERS WHO ARE SUPPOSED TO BE REFORMED THROUGH HARD WORK . INSTEAD, THEY JUST MAKE MORE TROUBLE . IN VLADIVOSTOK EXILED YOUNG TOUGHS FORMED A BANDIT GANG THAT TERRORIZED THE CITY AND KNIFED TO DEATH A YOUNG COMMUNIST LEADER ; DEPORTEES TO A UKRAINIAN COLLECTIVE FARM LAST YEAR DRANK SO MUCH BOOZE THAT THEY WERE BARRED FROM THE LIQUOR STORES, TURNED IN DESPERATION TO EAU DE COLOGNE . LAST WEEK CAME AN ANGRY GRIPE IN LITERATURNAYA GAZETA FROM A SIBERIAN HOUSEWIFE WHO DEMANDED THAT LENINGRAD STOP SENDING ITS PROSTITUTES 2,735 MILES TO IRKUTSK AND SURROUNDING VILLAGES . THE HOUSEWIFE WAS ESPECIALLY UPSET ABOUT A YOUNG LADY NAMED TOSCA, WHOSE FAME WAS SO GREAT THAT IT PRECEDED HER ARRIVAL IN SIBERIA . " WON'T THIS PIECE OF GOODS FIND ADMIRERS EVEN IN A NEW PLACE ? " ASKED THE MATRON . " SHE PROBABLY WILL . I KNOW THAT THE WIVES OF A FEW BODAIBO MINERS, FOR EXAMPLE, ASKED THE AUTHORITIES TO STOP SENDING THE LIKES OF TOSCA TO BODAIBO . THIS DESIRE TO PUSH THEIR UNFINISHED GOODS ONTO OTHERS IS WRONG . 
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OF FIRS, FLIES & FEARS THAW WAS IN THE MOSCOW AIR LAST WEEK, MELTING THE FIRST THIN LAYERS OF SNOW AFTER THE LONG MONTHS OF WINTER . BUT TO THE 500 WRITERS, MUSICIANS, PAINTERS AND POETS GATHERED IN THE KREMLIN'S SVERDLOV HALL LAST WEEK, THE CHANGING SEASON OUTSIDE ONLY UNDERSCORED NIKITA KHRUSHCHEV'S WORDS OF WARNING SHOUTED FROM THE PLATFORM . KHRUSHCHEV'S DECREE TO RUSSIA'S INTELLECTUALS : NEW IDEAS IN RUSSIA MUST REMAIN IN THE DEEP FREEZE INDEFINITELY . " ONE HEARS, " CRIED NIKITA IN HIS 2FHOUR BLAST, " THAT THE TIME HAS COME FOR LAISSEZ FAIRE, THAT THE REINS OF GOVERNMENT HAVE BEEN LOOSENED . . . THAT EVERYBODY CAN DO AS HE PLEASES . " NO ! THUNDERED KHRUSHCHEV . " THE PARTY IMPLACABLY COMES FORWARD AGAINST ANY IDEOLOGICAL VACILLATION . THERE WILL NEVER BE ANY ABSOLUTE POLITICAL FREEDOM, NOT EVEN UNDER COMPLETE COMMUNISM . " TAKE YOUR CHOICE . TO RUSSIA'S RULER, IT HAD BECOME ALL TOO CLEAR THAT THE RECENT FLOOD OF ARTISTIC EXPRESSION POETRY READINGS BEFORE MASS AUDIENCES, EXHIBITS OF MODERN PAINTINGS, JAZZ IMPORTED FROM ABROAD, BOOKS AND ARTICLES ABOUT THE STALIN TERROR WERE BECOMING DANGEROUS CARRIERS OF ALIEN WESTERN IDEAS, SHAKING THE FOUNDATIONS OF COMMUNITY SOCIETY . DESTALINIZATION, TOUCHED OFF BY NIKITA KHRUSHCHEV HIMSELF AT THE 20TH PARTY CONGRESS IN 1956, HAD GONE TOO FAR . NIKITA SPARED NO GROUP IN THE RESTLESS AUDIENCE . WRITER ILYA EHRENBURG, 72, DREW SCORN FOR THE TITLE OF HIS 1954 NOVE, THE THAW, WHICH, SAID NIKITA, SUGGESTS POLITICAL " IMPERMANENCE AND INSTABILITY . / AS FOR EHRENBURG'S MEMOIRS, WHICH HAVE BEEN RUNNING IN THE LITERARY JOURNAL NOVY MIR, KHRUSHCHEV REMARKED CAUSTICALLY, " ONE NOTICES THAT HE DEPICTS EVERYTHING IN GRIM TONES . " KHRUSHCHEV WARNED THE VETERAN EHRENBURG AGAINST " SLIPPING INTO AN ANTI-COMMUNIST POSITION . " THEN KHRUSHCHEV TURNED ON YOUNG POET EVGENCY EVTUSHENKO : " HE SHOWS VACILLATIONS, INSTABILITY OF VIEWS . . . I WOULD LIKE TO ADVISE COMRADE EVTUSHENKO AND OTHER MEN OF LETTERS THAT THEY SHOULD NOT SEEK CHEAP SENSATIONALISM . " EVERYONE WAS AWARE, NIKITA ANNOUNCED, THAT EVTUSHENKO RECENTLY TOLD A PARIS AUDIENCE THAT HIS POEM, BABI YAR (WHICH DREW FIRE FROM THE KREMLIN), HAD BEEN " CRITICIZED BY DOGMATISTS . " SUCH BEHIND-THE-BACK REMARKS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES WILL NOT DO, HINTED THE PREMIER : " IF THE ENEMIES OF OUR CAUSE BEGIN TO PRAISE YOU FOR WORKS CONVENIENT TO THEIR PURPOSE, THEN THE PEOPLE WILL JUSTLY CRITICIZE YOU . SO CHOOSE WHAT SUITS YOU BEST . " LOVE FOR TREES . KHRUSHCHEV DESCRIBED WITH HORROR A RECENT JAZZ CONCERT HE ATTENDED ( " ONE WOULD HAVE LIKED TO HIDE, BUT THERE WAS NO PLACE TO HIDE " ), EXPRESSED DEEP DISTASTE AT SUCH NEW DANCE CRAZES AS THE TWIST ( " SIMPLY OBSCENITIES, SOME SORT OF FRENZY, THE DEVIL KNOWS WHAT " ), AND TURNED ON THE PAINTERS AND SCULPTORS WITH UNDISGUISED FURY . SOME, HE ROARED, SEEK INSPIRATION IN " RUBBISH HEAPS AND STINKING LATRINES, " OR / PRESENT PEOPLE IN AN INTENTIONALLY UGLY ASPECT . " SUCH A MAN WAS ERNEST NEIZVESTNY, A SCULPTOR WHO HAS RECENTLY WON WIDE ACCLAIM IN MOSCOW'S ART WORLD WITH HIS PROVOCATIVE WORKS . BUT TO KHRUSHCHEV, HIS WORK WAS JUST A " NAUSEATING CONCOCTION . IT IS A GOOD THING WE DO NOT HAVE MANY SUCH ARTISTS, " HE SAID . JUST WHAT WERE NIKITA'S TASTES ? FOR A MOMENT, HIS IMAGINATION TOOK FLIGHT, AS THE AUDIENCE LISTENED NERVOUSLY : " RECENTLY I WAS WATCHING THE SUN RISE ON A FOREST COVERED IN HOARFROST . I SAID TO THOSE WITH ME : " LOOK AT THOSE FIR TREES, AT THEIR ATTIRE, AT THOSE SNOWFLAKES GLISTENING IN THE RAYS OF THE SUN . HOW WONDERFULLY BEAUTIFUL THAT IS ! ' YET THE MODERNISTS AND ABSTRACTIONISTS WANT TO PAINT THESE FIR TREES WITH THEIR ROOTS IN THE AIR, AND THEY SAID THIS IS NEW, PROGRESSIVE ART . " TIME TO SHUT UP . RUNNING THROUGH HIS SPEECH WAS THE CLEAR SUGGESTION THAT KHRUSHCHEV FELT HIS OWN ROOTS WERE IN DANGER . TOO MANY OF THE INTELLECTUALS WERE DEVOTING THEIR WORK TO EXPOSURE OF THE EXCESSES OF TERROR IN THE STALIN ERA WHICH WAS STRIKING PRETTY CLOSE TO HOME, SINCE KHRUSHCHEV HAD BEEN STALIN'S HENCHMAN THROUGHOUT THAT PERIOD . " THE QUESTION IS SOMETIMES ASKED, " NIKITA ADMITTED, " DID THE LEADING PEOPLE OF THE PARTY KNOW ABOUT THE ARRESTS AT THE TIME ? YES, THEY KNEW . BUT DID THEY KNOW THAT COMPLETELY INNOCENT PEOPLE WERE BEING ARRESTED .? NO, THEY DID NOT KNOW . " ANYONE FAMILIAR WITH NIKITA'S 1956 DESTALINIZATION SPEECH TO THE 20TH PARTY CONGRESS KNEW THIS TO BE A LIE, FOR HE HAD OPENLY DISCUSSED STALIN'S MURDEROUS POLITICAL PURGES OF THE 1930S . NOW, HE SAID, WAS THE TIME TO SHUT UP ABOUT THE DARK CHAPTERS OF HISTORY . " ALL ATTENTION IS BEING ONE-SIDEDLY CONCENTRATED ON LAWLESSNESS AND THE ABUSE OF POWER . HERE ONE NEEDS MODERATION . IF ALL WRITERS BEGAN TO WRITE ONLY ON THIS TOPIC, WHAT SORT OF LITERATURE WOULD THERE BE .? WHO WOULD DASH FOR IT ? FLIES, ENORMOUS FAT FLIES . EVERY SORT OF BOURGEOIS SCUM FROM ABROAD WILL CRAWL TOWARD IT . " WHEN KHRUSHCHEV'S SPEECH WAS OVER, THE STUNNED AUDIENCE LEFT THE HALL WEARING THE OLD, FAMILIAR STONY STARES OF STALIN'S DAY . IT WOULD BE HARD TO FORCE THEM ALL INTO PUBLIC RECANTATIONS ; IN FACT, A SURPRISING NUMBER STAYED SILENT . BUT SURE ENOUGH, SOME CAVED IN QUICKLY TO THE CULTURAL PURGE . WITHIN 48 HOURS, THE MOSCOW WRITERS UNION HAD OUSTED ITS LIBERAL CHAIRMAN, POET STEPAN SHCHIPACHOV, AND REPLACED HIM WITH A REGIME TRUSTY . AND AS FOR HAPLESS ERNEST NEIZVESTNY, THE SCULPTOR DENOUNCED PERSONALLY BY NIKITA, HE SOON SHOWED UP IN PRAVDA WITH AN OBEDIENT STATEMENT, HAILING THE " MARXIST-LENINIST WORLD OUTLOOK " AND PROMISING TO " WORK MORE, BETTER, MORE IDEOLOGICALLY, MORE EXPRESSIVELY . 
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/ GET DOWN TO PRODUCTION " WITH THE IDEA MEN OUT OF THE WAY, KHRUSHCHEV TURNED TO THE PAINFUL PROBLEM OF RUSSIA'S FACTORIES AND FARMS . CASTING ABOUT FOR A WAY TO BOOST INDUSTRIAL OUTPUT, THE PREMIER CALLED A SPECIAL JOINT SESSION OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY PRESIDIUM AND THE GOVERNMENT'S COUNCIL OF MINISTERS, WHICH ANNOUNCED CREATION OF A NEW, ALL-POWERFUL SUPREME ECONOMIC COUNCIL, DISCARDING AT LAST THE DISCREDITED SCHEME FOR REGIONAL INDUSTRIAL AUTONOMY THAT WAS INSTALLED IN 1957 . AT THE SAME MEETING, KHRUSHCHEV SCRAPPED THE LAST TWO YEARS OF HIS MUCH-TOUTED SEVEN-YEAR PLAN (1964-65) AND ORDERED THE NEW ECONOMIC CZARS TO GET BUSY AND DRAFT A NEW SET OF QUOTAS . THE BOUNCY PREMIER ALSO TURNED UP AT A MOSCOW MEETING OF AGRICULTURAL EXPERTS AND EXPLAINED WHY HE FIRED THE SOVIET AGRICULTURE MINISTER FORNIGHT AGO (TIME, MARCH 15) . HE SPENT TOO MUCH TIME WRITING DIRECTIVES FROM MOSCOW AND TOO LITTLE TIME ON THE ROAD, INSPECTING THE FARMS HE WAS ORDERING ABOUT . " THE COWS CAN'T READ DIRECTIVES, " SCOLDED NIKITA . " ALL THEY WANT IS A JUST EXCHANGE : " YOU GIVE ME FODDER, I GIVE YOU MILK . " ' AND OF MILK AND MEAT, HE ADMITTED, THERE IS " STILL VERY, VERY LITTLE . WE HAVE ALREADY CRITICIZED THE WRITERS FOR BAD WORKS . YOU OBVIOUSLY WON'T DO AS WRITERS . BETTER GET DOWN TO PRODUCTION . " 
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MIDDLE EAST SO NEAR, YET SO FAR AS JUBILANT DELEGATIONS DASHED BETLEEN BAGHDAD, DAMASCUS AND CAIRO LAST WEEK, THE ARAB WORLD WAS AWASH WITH JOY . CROWDS SWARMED IN THE STREETS CHANTING THE SLOGAN, / UNITY, FREEDOM, SOCIALISM ! " IN CAIRO AND DAMASCUS, MOBS SHOUTED, / NASSER ! NASSER ! UNION TOMORROW ! " IRAQ'S DEPUTY PREMIER ALI SALEH SAADI CRIED, " THE ARAB WORLD WILL NOW CERTAINLY UNITE . THIS IS AN OLD ASPIRATION . WHAT IS NEW IS THAT IT HAS NOW BECOME POSSIBLE . / DOUBLE PATH . ; THE URGE TO MERGE BROUGHT SYRIAN AND IRAQI LEADERS FLYING TO CAIRO FOR 15 HOURS OF TALKS WITH EGYPT'S PRESIDENT GAMAL ABDEL NASSER, THE CHIEF BENEFICIARY OF THE DOWNFALL OF ANTI-NASSER REGIMES IN IRAQ AND SYRIA . BUT NASSER HAD CONTRIBUTED LITTLE TO THE VICTORIES THAT WERE ACTUALLY WON IN BOTH COUNTRIES BY A COALITION OF NASSERITE ARMY OFFICER AND POLITICIANS OF THE BAATH (RENAISSANCE) PARTY, WHICH HAS LONG PROMOTED THE IDEAL OF WAHADI ARABIYA (ARAB ONENESS) . THOUGH BOTH GROUPS HAVE THE SAME GOAL OF UNITY, EACH PROPOSES A SEPARATE PATH . NASSER BELIEVE IN CENTRALIZE , AUTHORITARIAN CONTROL . THE BAATH PARTY FAVORS " COLLECTIVE LEADERSHIP " AND A DEMOCRATIC PARLIAMENTARY GOVERNMENT . AS THE TALKS PROCEEDED, SYRIA'S DEPUTY PREMIER NIHAD ELKASSEM REPORTEDLY FORCED THE BAATHISTS IN HIS DELEGATION TO ACCEPT THE NASSERITE PROPOSALS ON A THREAT OF RESIGNING FROM OFFICE . TOTAL ADHERENCE . THE CONFEREES WERE REPORTED " IN CLOSE AGREEMENT' ON A PLANNED UNION THAT INDICATED COMPROMISES WERE BEING MADE BY BOTH SIDES . IF ACCEPTED BY INDIVIDUAL PLEBISCITES, THE UNION WOULD CREATE A SINGLE ARAB STATE OF 39 MILLION PEOPLE WITH AN AREA AS FLAT AS TEXAS AND MORE THAN TWICE ITS SIZE, AND AN ECONOMY BASED ON THE OIL OF IRAQ, THE AGRICULTURE OF SYRIA, AN THE INDUSTRY AND COTTON OF EGYPT . THE AGREEMENT CALLS FOR A SINGLE POLITICAL HEAD (ALMOST CERTAIN TO BE NASSER) AND A CENTRAL PARLIAMENT BASED ON POPULATION, WHICH WOULD GIVE EGYPT A TWO-THIRDS MAJORITY . THIS CENTRAL STATE WOULD BE RESPONSIBLE FOR 1) DEFENSE AND FOREIGN POLICY, 2) A SOCIALIST ECONOMIC FRAMEWORK, AND 3) UNIFIED EDUCATIONAL AND CULTURAL PROGRAMS . BUT WITHIN THE UNION, EACH STATE WOULD HAVE ITS OWN ELECTED POPULAR AUTHORITY AND ITS OWN PARLIAMENT . NOT REPRESENTED IN THE CAIRO TALKS WAS PRIMITIVE YEMEN, WHOSE BOSS, ABDULLAH SALLAL, IS PROPPED UP BY 20,000 EGYPTIAN SOLDIERS, BUT SALLAL CABLED CAIRO ANNOUNCING HIS TOTAL ADHERENCE TO WHATEVER IS DECIDED . BUT AT WEEK'S END, THE REPORTED " CLOSE AGREEMENT " HAD APPARENTLY RUN INTO A SNAG . THE THREEPOWER TALKS UNEXPECTEDLY BROKE UP AND, ACCORDING TO A COMMUNIQUE, WILL RESUME " IN A FEW DAYS . " WHILE TRYING, AT LEAST, TO UNITE VERBALLY IN CAIRO, IRAQ AND SYRIA WERE STILL BUSY LAST WEEK CONSOLIDATING THEIR REVOLUTIONS AT HOME . IRAQ, WHICH HAS ALREADY EXECUTED 25 LOCAL COMMUNIST LEADERS, CONDEMNED TO DEATH ANOTHER 51 . IN FEEBLE RETALIATION, THE SOVIET UNION CREATED A SMALL RIOT IN MOSCOW, WHERE A CROWD OF SEVERAL HUNDRED STUDENTS (INCLUDING SOME FROM ARAB COUNTRIES) WAS PERMITTED TO BREAK WINDOWS AND THROW INK BOTTLES AT THE IRAQI EMBASSY . THE NEW BAGHDAD REGIME ALSO FINALLY SETTLED THE 18-MONTH KURDISH REBELLION BY REACHING BASIC AGREEMENT WITH KURDISH LEADER MUSTAFA BARZANI ON TERMS OF 1) AMNESTY FOR ALL REBELS, 2) RELEASE OF 2,000 IRAQI SOLDIERS CAPTURED IN BATTLE, AND 3) AUTONOMY FOR THE NATION'S 1,500,000 KURDS . IN SYRIA, TANKS AND ARMORED CARS WERE AT LAST WITHDRAWN FROM DAMASCUS STREETS ALTHOUGH PATROLS OF STEEL-HELMETED TROOPS STILL REMAINED . REPORTEDLY, ABOUT 1,000 PRISONERS JAMMED THE JAILS, INCLUDING 80 LOCAL COMMUNISTS . SINGLE FLOOR . ARAB NATIONS HAVE OFTEN COMBINED BEFORE ON PAPER WITHOUT PREVENTING THE INDIVIDUAL STATES FROM GOING THEIR OWN ANARCHIC WAY . A SINGLE MILITARY COMMAND WAS AGREED UPON AS LONG AGO AS 1951 BUT NEVER IMPLEMENTED . THE NEW UNION MAY EVENTUALLY PROVE TO BE LITTLE MORE THAN ANOTHER EXERCISE IN RHETORIC, BUT LAST WEEK THE NEWS OF ITS FORMATION SENT A THRILL OF EXCITEMENT THROUGH PRONASSER ELEMENTS IN JORDAN AND SAUDI ARABIA, THE TWO REMAINING ARAB STATES WHOSE LEADERS ARE VOCALLY ANTI-NASSER . SOME PEOPLE IN THE ARAB WORLD PREDICT THAT REVOLT WILL STRIKE JORDAN WITHIN A FEW WEEKS, AND SAUDI ARABIA IN A MATTER OF MONTHS . JORDAN'S YOUNG KING HUSSEIN, DETERMINED TO NIP ANY PLOT IN THE BUD, SPENT LAST WEEK INSPECTING HIS JORDANIAN TROOPS AND WAS GREETED WITH CHEERS . JORDAN'S IMPRISONED BAATHIST LEADER, RIFAT AUDEH, BROKE JAIL BUT WAS QUICKLY RECAPTURED . IN SAUDI ARABIA, PREMIER PRINCE FEISAL COMPLETED AN UNPRECEDENTED SPEECHMAKING SWING AROUND THE NATION AND ANNOUNCED THAT 9,000 MEN HAD VOLUNTEERED FOR HIS NEW NATIONAL GUARD . KING SAUD, HOWEVER, PLAYED INTO THE HANDS OF THE MONARCHY'S CRITICS WHEN HE PROPOSED CONTINIING HIS EXTRAVAGANT FOUR-MONTH CONVALESCENCE (FROM HEART AND POLITICAL FAILURES) BY MOVING FROM SWITZERLAND TO THE FRENCH RIVIERA . FOR THIS WEEK, SAUD HAS MADE RESERVATIONS AT NICE'S HOTEL NEGRESCO FOR HIMSELF AND 130 RELATIVES AND RETAINERS, WHO WILL OCCUPY ALL 50 ROOMS ON A SINGLE FLOOR, WITH A SPECIAL ELEVATOR RESERVED FOR HIS PERSONAL USE . 
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FRANCE " GIVE US SOME SOUS " AS DAWN ROSE OVER PARIS EARLY ONE MORNING LAST WEEK, A VOLLEY OF RIFLE SHOTS ECHOED THROUGH DANK, GRIM IVRY FORT . DEAD BEFORE THE FIRING SQUAD SANK EX-LIEUT . COLONEL JEAN-MARIE BASTIEN-THIRY, 35, CONVICTED RINGLEADER OF LAST SUMMER'S ABORTIVE ATTEMPT TO ASSASSINATE CHARLES DE GAULLE IN THE PARIS SUBURB OF PETITCLAMART AS HE WAS MOTORING TO HIS COUNTRY HOME AT COLOMBEY-LES-DEUX-EGLISES.* THOUGH DE GAULLE SPARED TWO OTHER PLOTTERS, HE PRESUMABLY ORDERED THE EXECUTION OF BASTIEN-THIRY TO DISCOURAGE OTHER TERRORISTS FROM FURTHER ASSASSINATION EFFORTS ON BEHALF OF THE DREAD SECRET ARMY ORGANIZATION . BUT DE GAULLE'S MOST PROMINENT FOE, EX-PREMIER GEORGES BIDAULT, NOW A RANKING S.A.O . CHIEFTAIN, WAS AS PUBLICLY DEFIANT AS EVER . HE COULD AFFORD TO BE, FOR HE WAS NOW HOLED UP IN SOUTHERN GERMANY, WHERE, AFTER A NERVOUS BRUSHOFF BY CHANCELLOR KONRAD ADENAUER, HE SOUGHT POLITICAL ASYLUM FROM THE STATE OF BAVARIA . BATHED IN PUBLICITY AND SURROUNDED BY POLICE, HE OBVIOUSLY WAS NOT DOING HIS RESISTANCE ORGANIZATION MUCH CONCRETE GOOD IN A DISTANT GERMAN VILLA . BUT WHEN HE CALLED REPORTERS IN FOR INTERVIEWS, BIDAULT INSISTED THAT HIS POLITICAL ACTIVITIES WERE FAR FROM OVER . " I AM THE LEADER OF THE NATIONAL RESISTANCE COUNCIL . I AM THE BOSS OF IT ALL, " HE BOASTED . IN FRANCE, THERE WAS ONLY OFFICIAL SILENCE . FACT WAS, THE FRENCH GOVERNMENT WAS DELIGHTED THAT THE TROUBLEMAKER WAS IN GERMANY, WHERE HE WAS UNDER CONTINUAL SURVEILLANCE, AND WAS BABBLING A LITTLE TOO MUCH TO THE PRESS TO ENHANCE HIS REPUTATION . WITH BIDAULT ON ICE, DE GAULLE TURNED HIS ATTENTION TO THE CONTINUING, CRIPPLING STRIKE OF 188,000 MINERS IN THE NATIONALIZED COAL FIELDS OF NORTHERN FRANCE, WHO WERE DEMANDING WAGE SCALES ON A PAR WITH WORKERS IN PRIVATE INDUSTRY . RUMORS CIRCULATED THAT S.A.O . MEMBERS, DISGUISED AS COPS, WOULD ATTACK THE STRIKERS TO PROVOKE THEM TO VIOLENCE AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT, BUT THE ONLY TOLL OF THE STRIKE SO FAR WAS ECONOMIC . THOUSANDS OF STEEL AND NATURAL GAS WORKERS WENT OUT ON A SYMPATHY STRIKE, AND A 24-HOUR RAIL WALKOUT CREATED A TRANSPORTATION TIE-UP ALL OVER FRANCE . INTO PARIS DROVE A 342-CAR CONVOY OF SOME 2,000 LORRAINE IRONWORKERS CHANTING : " GIVE US SOME SOUS, POMPIDOU . " THOUGH FURIOUS AT THE CONTINUED INTRANSIGENCE OF THE STRIKERS, DE GAULLE KNEW HE MIGHT HAVE TO GIVE IN.* AT A CABINET MEETING IN PARIS, HE ORDERED STUDIES DRAWN UP COMPARING WAGES IN PRIVATE AND GOVERNMENT-OWNED INDUSTRY, WITH AN EYE TOWARD MAKING ADJUSTMENTS . BUT HE WAS STILL RANKLED AT THE MONETARY SUPPORT GIVEN THE STRIKERS BY THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH IN THE NORTHERN COAL AREAS . ASKED WHERE THE FUNDS WOULD COME FROM TO PAY FOR ANY WAGE HIKE, HE SUGGESTED WE COULD ALWAYS TAKE UP A COLLECTION IN THE CHURCHES THESE DAYS, WITH TIGHTER POLICE SECURITY, DE GAULLE USUALLY MAKES THE TRIP BETWEEN PARIS AND COLOMBEY BY HELICOPTER . ESCORTED BY A HEAVY POLICE GUARD, HE DRIVES A FEW MILES DOWN THE HIGHWAY TO AN ISOLATED, PREDETERMINED SPOT ON THE ROAD . THERE, AS SHOWN WITH MME . DE GAULLE IN PHOTOGRAPHS RELEASED THIS WEEK (SEE CUTS), HE LEAVES HIS CAR, ENTERS THE WAITING HELICOPTER, AND MAKES HIS JOURNEY . FOR ONE THING, LE GRAND CHARLES WAS DOUBTLESS AWARE OF THE LATEST REPORT OF THE FRENCH INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC OPINION, WHICH REVEALED THAT DE GAULLE'S RATING HAD PLUMMETED NINE POINTS OVER THE PRECEDING MONTH, WITH ONLY 55 PER CENT OF THE FRENCH POPULACE NOW " SATISFIED " WITH HIS CONDUCT OF THE PRESIDENCY . IT WAS DE GAULLE'S LOWEST READING IN 14 MONTHS . 
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SOMALIA WHO OWNS WHAT ? IT WAS 9 O'CLOCK ON A HOT, EQUATORIAL NIGHT, AND THE LOCALS WERE LIVING IT UP OUTSIDE PASSONI'S GROCERY STORE ON THE POTHOLED MAIN DRAG OF MOGADISHU, CAPITAL OF SOMALIA . ITALIAN SETTLER PASSONI, AN ENTERPRISING SORT, WAS RAFFLING OFF BOXES OF GROCERIES . SUDDENLY, A NEWS BULLETIN FROM NEIGHBORING KENYA BLARED FROM A RADIO IN A BAR NEXT DOOR . AN INSTANT LATER, THE GUTTURAL TWITTER THAT IS THE SOMALI TONGUE BECAME AN OMINOUS MUTTERING, AND THE CROWD OF 500 WAS ON THE RAMPAGE . STONING CARS, THE SOMALIS MARCHED TO THE BRITISH EMBASSY, TOUCHING OFF THREE DAYS OF SHOUTING, WINDOW-SMASHING RIOTS . MATTER OF HERITAGE . WHAT SET OFF THE EXPLOSION WAS ANNOUNCEMENT BY BRITISH COLONIAL SECRETARY DUNCAN SANDYS THAT A SLICE OF SCRUB AND SAND WHICH BORDERS ON SOMALIA WOULD BE MADE ONE OF SEVEN PROVINCES OF KENYA, WHICH IS DUE TO GET INDEPENDENCE NEXT YEAR (TIME, MARCH 15) . AS IT HAPPENS, KENYA'S NORTHEAST HAS LONG BEEN A FAVORITE SQUATTING GROUND FOR NOMADIC SOMALI TRIBESMEN, WHO HERD THEIR CAMELS AND GOATS BACK AND FORTH ACROSS THE HORN OF AFRICA WITHOUT HEED TO NATIONAL BORDERS . FIERCELY INDEPENDENT, THE ILLITERATE MOSLEM TRIBESMEN FIGHT SAVAGELY AMONG THEMSELVES FOR GRAZING LAND, FOR THIS IS THE POSSESSION THEY HOLD MOST DEAR . A PROUD PEOPLE, TALL, LITHE AND FINE-FEATURED, THE SOMALIS ARE HAMITIC IN ORIGIN, DESCENDED IN PART FROM 7TH CENTURY ARABS WHO CROSSED INTO AFRICA FROM YEMEN . FOREVER VAIN ABOUT THEIR HERITAGE, THEY ARE ALSO ACCUSTOMED TO HAVING THEIR OWN WAY . THE SOMALIS BEGAN RUNNING INTO THE STUBBORN OBJECTIONS OF OTHERS SHORTLY AFTER SOMALIA (POP . 2,000,000) WON INDEPENDENCE IN 1960 AND BEGAN BUILDING A NATION OUT OF FORMER ITALIAN SOMALIA AND BRITISH SOMALILAND . EMPEROR HAILE SELASSIE COLDLY SAID NO TO SOMALIA'S INSISTENCE ON ANNEXATION OF AN ETHIOPIAN BORDER AREA CONTAINING 1,000,000 SOMALIS . FRANCE LIKEWISE REFUSED TO GIVE UP FRENCH SOMALILAND, WHERE 600,000 SOMALIS LIVE . AND THOUGH THE BLEAK, BARREN SLICE OF TERRITORY INSIDE KENYA HARBORS 200,000 SOMALIS, KENYA'S BLACK NATIONALIST LEADERS, LED BY EX-MAU MAU CHIEFTAIN JOMO ( " BURNING SPEAR / ) KENYATTA, HAVE ALWAYS VOWED THAT LOSS OF THEIR NORTHEAST CORNER WOULD MEAN WAR WITH THEIR OWN BLACK RENDILLES, WHO COVER THEMSELVES WITH FEATHERS ; WITH THEIR TURKANAS, WHO WEAR LITTLE EXCEPT MUD HATS ; AND WITH THE MARILLES, WHO WEAR ONLY RIFLES . THUS, BRITAIN'S SANDYS WAS BOUND TO MAKE ENEMIES AND TO RISK VIOLENCE NO MATTER WHAT HIS DECISION ABOUT KENYA'S FRONTIER . SPEARING THE COMMISSIONER . NO SOMALI SAW IT THAT WAY . MOBS SURGING THROUGH MOGADISHU'S HEAT (100O PLUS) HAD TO BE BROKEN UP BY MOUNTED POLICE SWINGING LONG BATONS ; BEFORE THE DISTURBANCE WAS QUELLED, SOME 500 PEOPLE WERE ARRESTED . IN HARGEISA, THE ONETIME CAPITAL OF BRITISH SOMALILAND, CROWDS STONED BRITISH HOMES AND CARS, ATTACKED THE BRITISH CONSULATE . PRESUMABLY BECAUSE OF BRITAIN'S CLOSE TIES TO THE U.S., NEWLY ARRIVED U.S . AMBASSADOR HORACE TORBERT WAS STONED OUT OF THE TOWN OF GALCAIO, HIS LAND-ROVER NARROWLY OUTDISTANCING A MOB OF 1,000 MEN, WOMEN AND CHILDREN . IN KENYA ITSELF, A SOMALI TRIBESMAN SPEARED A DISTRICT COMMISSIONER, LIEUT . COLONEL JOHN BALFOUR, AND ONE MOB HAULED DOWN THE UNION JACK . RESTORING INTERNAL ORDER WITH TROOPS, SOMALIA'S PREMIER ABDIRASHID ALI SHERMARKE CALLED THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY INTO SESSION, DEMANDED THAT " RELATIONS WITH BRITAIN BE REVISED . " AS THE DEBATE DRONED ON, THE BRITISH HOPED THAT PASSIONS MIGHT COOL . BUT AT WEEK'S END THE OUTRAGED DEPUTIES VOTED 74 TO 14 TO BREAK OFF DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH LONDON, THOUGH IT SEEMED CLEAR THAT CONSULAR TIES WOULD BE RETAINED ; SUCH A COMPROMISE APPEARED APPROPRIATE IN VIEW OF THE FACT THAT THE BRITISH WERE TO SUPPLY SOMALIA WITH $3,600,000 IN AID THIS YEAR . WITH A SIGH AND A SHRUG, BRITAIN'S MOGADISHU EMBASSY BEGAN PACKING UP, AND IN LONDON THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT SUGGESTED THAT IT " WILL AT AN APPROPRIATE TIME " RECONSIDER THE WHOLE NORTHEAST KENYA QUESTION . 
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SOUTH KOREA THE HEAT'S OFF EVER SINCE HE LIFTED HIS BAN ON CIVILIAN POLITICAL ACTIVITY LAST JANUARY, THE HEAT HAS BEEN ON SOUTH KOREAN STRONGMAN GENERAL PARK CHUNG HEE . ANGER OVER THE STRONG-ARM TACTICS OF THE FEARED CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY FORCED PARK TO SACK HIS TOP HATCHET MAN (AND NEPHEW BY MARRIAGE), C.I.A . BOSS KIM CHONG PIL . INVESTIGATIONS REVEALED WHOLESALE CORRUPTION WITHIN SOUTH KOREA'S C.I.A., NND CHARGES WERE LEVELED THAT PARK HAD DONE NOTHING TO RELIEVE SOUTH KOREA'S ECONOMIC CHAOS . THREATENED WITH CIVIL WAR BY DISAFFECTED MEMBERS OF HIS OWN MILITARY JUNTA, PARK RELUCTANTLY BOWED OUT OF THE FORTHCOMING CIVILIAN PRESIDENTIAL RACE . LAST WEEK THE GENERAL DECIDED TO TURN OFF THE HEAT . RENEGING ON HIS PROMISE TO RESTORE CIVILIAN RULE, PARK SLAPPED A BAN ON ALL POLITICAL PARTIES, PROHIBITED " POLITICAL AGITATION " IN THE PRESS, JAILED 30 PLOTTERS INCLUDING SOME FORMER JUNTA MEMBERS ACCUSED OF TRYING TO OVERTHROW HIS REGIME . IGNORING THE RESIGNATION OF HIS CABINET, PARK SUSPENDED NEXT MAY'S SCHEDULED ELECTIONS, ANNOUNCED THAT THE POPULACE INSTEAD WOULD VOTE IN A NEW REFERENDUM DESIGNED TO KEEP HIM IN ABSOLUTE POWER FOR ANOTHER FOUR YEARS . 
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ISRAEL JEW AGAINST JEW IN THE FOUR-MONTH TRIAL OF ADOLF EICHMANN, ONE DARK CHAPTER OF THE NAZI HOLOCAUST WAS NEVER FULLY BROUGHT OUT : THE RULE OF NAZI-ORGANIZED COUNCILS OF JEWISH ELDERS IN EUROPEAN GHETTOS . BACKED BY THEIR OWN HIGH-BOOTED JEWISH POLICE, THE COUNCILS COMPILED DEATH LISTS OF JEWS AND ROUNDED UP THEIR OWN PEOPLE FOR DEPORTATION TO NAZI EXTERMINATION CAMPS . REFUSAL TO HELP EICHMANN'S " TRANSPORTATION " EXPERTS WOULD HAVE MEANT IMMEDIATE DEATH, BUT ALWAYS THERE WAS THE AGONIZING MORAL DILEMMA : EVEN UNDER DURESS, WAS COOPERATION NOT BETRAYAL ? LAST WEEK ISRAELI PROSECUTOR DAVID LIBAI GAVE THE STATE'S ANSWER IN THE FIRST TRIAL OF A JEWISH POLICEMAN WHO SERVED THE NAZIS . ITS ANSWER WAS YES . IN THE DOCK OF A TINY, DRAB TEL AVIV COURTROOM, HEAD BURIED IN HIS HANDS, SAT THE ASSISTANT CONDUCTOR OF THE ISRAEL NATIONAL OPERA, HIRSCH BARENBLAT, 48, FORMER COMMANDER OF THE JEWISH POLICE IN BEDZIN, POLAND . FOR TWO YEARS AFTER HE MANAGED TO GET TO ISRAEL IN 1958, BARENBLAT ATTRACTED NO PARTICULAR ATTENTION . THEN, DURING INTRODUCTIONS AT A CONCERT IN A KIBBUTZ, A MEMBER OF THE AUDIENCE SUDDENLY LEAPED UP AND SHOUTED : " BARENBLAT, I REMEMBER YOU ! YOU MURDERED JEWS ! " THE CONCERT BROKE UP AMIDST ANGRY CONFUSION . IN 1961, AFTER A POLICE INVESTIGATION, BARENBLAT WAS ARRESTED AND CHARGED UNDER THE ISRAELI LAW PUNISHING NAZIS AND THEIR COLLABORATORS WHO WERE MEMBERS OF " HOSTILE ORGANIZATIONS " THE SAME LAW UNDER WHICH EICHMANN WAS TRIED AS A GESTAPO MEMBER, AND WHICH THE GOVERNMENT NOW WANTS EXTENDED TO INCLUDE THE JEWISH POLICE . IN BARENBLAT'S CASE, THE MAXIMUM PENALTY WOULD BE SEVEN TO TEN YEARS IN PRISON ON EACH OF TWELVE SPECIFIC ACCUSATIONS OF PERSECUTION . ON THE OPENING DAY OF WHAT LOOKED TO BE A DRAWN-OUT TRIAL, A TEL AVIV CARPENTER TEARFULLY RECALLED THAT BARENBLAT'S JEWISH POLICE ONCE TROOPED BACK FROM A ROUND-UP IN BEDZIN " LOUDLY SINGING, AS IF FROM A VICTORIOUS ENGAGEMENT, " DESCRIBED HOW THEY HERDED JEWISH MEN, WOMEN AND CHILDREN INTO TRUCKS HEADED FOR AUSCHWITZ . " EVEN THE STREETS WEPT, " THE WITNESS SAID . PROSECUTOR LIBAI CONCEDED THAT BARENBLAT SAVED " MAYBE TEN OR 20 JEWS, " BUT ADDED : " THIS COURT WILL HAVE TO DECIDE WHETHER TO SAVE HIS OWN SOUL HE WAS ENTITLED TO CARRY OUT THE TASKS OF THE JEWISH POLICE . " DEFENSE ATTORNEY ARIEH ROSENBLUM, SUPPORTING BARENBLAT'S PLEA OF INNOCENCE, SAID THAT HIS CONDUCT WAS JUSTIFIABLE, AND ARGUED THAT HE WAS ACQUITTED OF COLLABORATIONIST CHARGES AFTER THE WAR BY A POLISH COURT . " THE JEWISH POLICE, " ROSENBLUM SAID, " CANNOT BE REGARDED AS HOSTILE TO THE JEWISH PEOPLE . THEIR INTENTION WAS NOT HOSTILITY . THEY DID NOT SEEK TO EXTERMINATE JEWS ; THEY SERVED WHAT THEY DEEMED THE BEST INTERESTS OF THE JEWISH COMMUNITY UNDER THE WORST POSSIBLE CIRCUMSTANCES . " 
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IRAN WATER & BLOOD ON A PLATFORM JUTTING FROM A SHEER, 1,500-FT . GORGE IN THE ZAGROS MOUNTAINS, THE SHAH OF IRAN PICKED UP A CEREMONIAL TELEPHONE AND SPOKE AN ORDER . SECONDS LATER, TONS OF WATER FROM THE AB-I-DIZ RIVER BELOW CRASHED THROUGH SLUICE GATES AND BEGAN TURNING GIANT DYNAMOS . A KNOT OF CABINET MINISTERS, DIPLOMATS AND ENGINEERS BURST INTO HAT-WAVING CHEERS AS, DOWN IN THE CANYON, ELECTRICITY BEGAN FLOWING INTO MOSLEM VILLAGES THAT HAD NEVER BEFORE KNOWN THE MAGIC OF PLUG-IN POWER . THUS LAST WEEK IRAN'S HUGE, $67.2 MILLION " MOHAMMED REZA SHAH PAHLEVI DAM, " HIGHEST IN THE MIDDLE EAST,* WENT INTO OPERATION AS ANOTHER FEATHER IN THE CROWN OF THE COUNTRY'S 43-YEAR-OLD REFORM-MINDED MONARCH . TO HELP FINANCE THE DAM, THE WORLD BANK LOANED IRAN $42 MILLION, BUT THE REST OF THE CASH CAME FROM THE SHAH'S $300 MILLION ANNUAL OIL REVENUES . TO OVERSEE THE PROJECT, IRAN PICKED TWO EX-CHAIRMEN OF THE U.S.'S TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY, DAVID E . LILIENTHAL AND GORDON R . CLAPP, WHO NOW HEAD A MANHATTAN-BASED CONSULTING FIRM . LAST WEEK'S INAUGURATION WAS RIGHT ON SCHEDULE, JUST ONE YEAR AND FIVE MONTHS AFTER THE FIRST CONCRETE WAS POURED . THE DAM'S PRINCIPAL PURPOSE IS TO BRING FERTILITY BACK TO DESOLATE KHUZISTAN PROVINCE, AN AREA THE SIZE OF MICHIGAN IN SOUTHWEST IRAN, NEAR THE PERSIAN GULF . TWENTY-FIVE CENTURIES AGO, KHUZISTAN WAS THE FABLED FERTILE GRANARY OF THE ANCIENT PERSIAN EMPIRE . BUT THE REGION HAS SINCE ERODED INTO A VIRTUAL WASTELAND ; THE LAST MAJOR RECLAMATION ATTEMPT WAS A SYSTEM OF IRRIGATION CANALS DUG BY KING SHAPUR II IN 300 A.D . THE NEW DAM WILL WATER 360,000 ACRES, AND PROVIDE ELECTRICITY EVEN FOR THE PROVINCES REMOTEST VILLAGES AND FIVE CITIES, INCLUDING THE OIL-REFINING CENTER OF ABADAN, OPENING THE WAY FOR INDUSTRIALIZATION . IN THE LONG RUN, IRAN HOPES TO BUILD 13 MORE DAMS TO IRRIGATE MUCH OF THE SEMI-ARID LAND CURRENTLY BEING HANDED OUT TO PEASANTS UNDER THE SHAH'S BIG AGRARIAN REFORM PROGRAM, WHICH WAS APPROVED 1,000TO-1 IN A NATIONAL REFERENDUM IN JANUARY . WITH THE NATION BEHIND HIM, THE SHAH HAS PUSHED STEADILY AHEAD WITH HIS LAND SPLIT-UP, DESPITE LOUD OUTCRIES FROM THE BIG LANDOWNERS . A FEW WEEKS AGO, ONE OUTRAGED GROUP, THE NOMADIC QASHQAI (PRONOUNCED GOSH GUY) TRIBESMEN, WHO HERD CATTLE IN THE SOUTHERN PROVINCE OF FARS, REGISTERED ITS PROTEST BY ATTACKING IRANIAN POLICE POSTS, KILLING TEN OFFICERS AND MEN . WHEN THE DISSIDENT QASHQAI REFUSED TO SURRENDER AND WERE JOINED BY MALCONTENTS OF TWO OTHER TRIBES, THE SHAH GRIMLY ORDERED HIS AIR FORCE TO CRUSH THE REVOLT . PEELING OUT OF THE SUN, HIS U.S.MADE F-86 JETS LAST WEEK FLASHED DOWN ON THE REBELS WITH BOMBING AND STRAFING RUNS THAT LEFT AN ESTIMATED 150 TRIBESMEN SPRAWLED DEAD IN THE PLAINS . RISING 647 FT., IT WILL TOP EGYPT'S STILL ABUILDING ASWAN HIGH DAM BY 211 FT . 
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MIDDLE EAST THE CAMEL DRIVER (SEE COVER) AT 6 : 30 ONE MORNING EARLY THIS MONTH, A PHONE SHRILLED IN THE SMALL OFFICE OFF THE BEDROOM OF EGYPT'S PRESIDENT GAMAL ABDEL NASSER . ALREADY AWAKE, HE LIFTED THE RECEIVER TO HEAR EXCITING NEWS : A MILITARY COUP HAD JUST BEEN LAUNCHED AGAINST THE ANTI-NASSER GOVERNMENT OF SYRIA . THE PHONE RANG AGAIN . IT WAS THE MINISTER OF CULTURE AND NATIONAL GUIDANCE . HOW SHOULD RADIO CAIRO HANDLE THE SYRIAN CRISIS ? SUPPORT THE REBELS, SNAPPED NASSER . THEN EGYPT'S BOSS RAPPED OUT A SUCCESSION OF TELEPHONED COMMANDS . TO THE AIR FORCE : ALERT THE BOMBERS AND FIGHTERS IN CASE THE SYRIAN REBELS CALL FOR HELP . TO THE NAVY (SIX DESTROYERS AND TEN SUBMARINES) : STEAM NORTHWARD AND AWAIT ORDERS . TO THE ARMY : PREPARE TO MOVE IN CASE THE ISRAELIS MIGHT BE THINKING OF INTERVENTION ; PLACE MISSILES ON LAUNCH PADS READY TO FIRE . THIS DONE, NASSER FINISHED DRESSING AND WENT DOWNSTAIRS . THE PHONE RANG AGAIN, LONG DISTANCE FROM BAGHDAD . PRESIDENT ABDUL SALAM AREF, WHO ONLY FOUR WEEKS BEFORE HAD OVERTHROWN ANOTHER ANTI-NASSER REGIME IN IRAQ, SOLICITOUSLY ASKED WHAT NASSER INTENDED DOING ABOUT SYRIA . NASSER SAID THAT HE WOULD RECOGNIZE A REBEL GOVERNMENT AS SOON AS IT WAS FORMED . AREF DELICATELY RESPONDED THAT OF COURSE, EGYPT SHOULD BE THE FIRST STATE TO GRANT RECOGNITION, PROMISED THAT IRAQ WOULD FOLLOW SUIT FIVE MINUTES LATER . LIMB FROM LIMB . SINCE THE SYRIAN COUP WAS BOTH SWIFT AND SUCCESSFUL, NASSER'S NERVES AND THE EGYPTIAN ARMY WERE NOT PUT TO THE TEST . ISRAEL ALERTED ITS BORDER DEFENSES BUT MADE NO FURTHER MOVE . ON THE SURFACE, IN FACT, THE SYRIAN AFFAIR WAS MUCH MILDER AND LESS BLOODY THAN MOST ARAB REVOLTS . IN THE PAST 15 YEARS, THE MIDDLE EAST HAS BEEN CONTINUALLY SHAKEN LIKE A KALEIDOSCOPE, CONSTANTLY FALLING INTO NEW PATTERNS . THERE HAVE BEEN TWO SIZABLE WARS AND FULLY TWO DOZEN ARMED UPRISINGS AND REBELLIONS . PREMIERS AND PRINCES HAVE BEEN TORN LIMB FROM LIMB BY STREET MOBS ; THOUSANDS OF POLITICIANS AND ARMY OFFICERS HAVE BEEN KILLED BY HANGING, BEHEADING, FIRING SQUADS AND ASSASSINS ; AND SWARMS OF STUDENTS, WORKERS AND TRIBESMEN HAVE BEEN MOWED DOWN BY MACHINE GUNS AND BOMBS . IT WAS QUITE CLEAR LAST WEEK THAT THE LATEST SHAKE OF THE KALEIDOSCOPE RESULTED IN NEW PATTERNS AND ALIGNMENTS OVERWHELMINGLY FAVORABLE TO GAMAL ABDEL NASSER . THE SYRIAN REVOLUTION WAS THE THIRD IN SIX MONTHS BY REBELS PLEDGED TO MAKE COMMON CAUSE WITH EGYPT . FLIGHTS OF NEW LEADERS POURED INTO CAIRO FOR TEARSTAINED EMBRACES WITH NASSER AND NIGHTLONG CONFERENCES ON THE FUTURE COURSE OF THAT MISTY CONCEPT CALLED ARAB UNITY . NASSER STANDS AT THE PINNACLE OF PRESTIGE, IF NOT OF POWER, AND THE SHADOW HE CASTS HAS NEVER BEEN LONGER . TODAY, IT FALLS OVER THE ENTIRE ARAB WORLD FROM THE PERSIAN GULF TO THE ATLANTIC OCEAN . MATTER OF SABOTAGE ? FOR THE FIRST TIME IN 500 YEARS, THE THREE KEY ARAB STATES OF EGYPT, IRAQ AND SYRIA HAVE A SIMILAR POLITICAL POSTURE AND ARE ON CLOSE AND FRIENDLY TERMS . THE NEW CROWD IN PRIMITIVE YEMEN, WHERE 28,000 EGYPTIAN TROOPS ARE PROPPING UP STILL ANOTHER PRONASSER REBELLION, IS EAGER TO JOIN ANY ALLIANCE THAT CAN BE HAMMERED OUT . THE MONARCHIES OF SAUDI ARABIA AND JORDAN CLOSE FRIENDS OF THE WEST BUT HATED ENEMIES OF THE ARAB NATIONALISTS FACE THE THREAT OF UPRISINGS AT THE HANDS OF POWERFUL LOCAL FRIENDS OF THE MAN IN CAIRO . WHEN KING SAUD'S PRIVATE COMET PLANE, EQUIPPED WITH A ROYAL THRONE, CRASHED LAST WEEK AGAINST AN ITALIAN MOUNTAIN, KILLING ALL 18 ABOARD, THE SAUDI ARABS AUTOMATICALLY ASSUMED THAT IT HAD BEEN SABOTAGED BY NASSER AGENTS MAYBE IT WAS AND MAYBE IT WAS NOT . IN THE SWIRLING MIDDLE EAST STRUGGLE, CAIRO WOULD FLEX ITS MUSCLES WHERE IT COULD . THE SUCCESSFUL COUPS IN YEMEN, SYRIA AND IRAQ WERE NO SURPRISE TO GAMAL ABDEL NASSER . HE KNEW THEY WERE COMING, IF NOT PRECISELY WHEN AND HOW . HE KNEW THE CONSPIRATORS INVOLVED IN EACH, THOUGH HE CLAIMS TO HAVE PULLED NO STRINGS . CAIRO IS THICKLY POPULATED BY EXILES FROM EVERY CORNER OF THE ARAB WORLD, RANGING FROM SYRIA'S TOUGH ABDUL HAMID SERRAJ, WHO ORIGINALLY FAILED NASSER IN DAMASCUS, TO OBSCURE TUNISIANS, YEMENIS, SAUDIS, JORDANIANS AND REFUGEES FROM THE BRITISHBACKED SHEIKDOMS OF THE PERSIAN GULF . MANY OF THEM LIVE WELL ON EGYPTIAN SUBSIDIES . FORMER SAUDI PETROLEUM MINISTER ABDULLAH TARIKI IS IN AND OUT OF CAIRO FREQUENTLY, HELPING ORGANIZE ARMS SHIPMENTS TO SAUDI ARABIAN DISSIDENTS BY AIR AND ACROSS THE LONG, EMPTY BORDER WITH KUWAIT . NASSER HAS WON OVER SAUDI ARABIA'S AMBASSADOR TO WEST GERMANY, WHO RESIGNED A FORTNIGHT AGO IN PROTEST AT HIS COUNTRY'S FAILURE TO INSTITUTE REFORMS . AT LEAST SIX OTHER SAUDI AMBASSADORS ARE SYMPATHETIC TO NASSER'S CAUSE ACCENTED VOICE . ALL THE ARAB WORLD IS INFLUENCED BY NASSER'S GENIUS AS A PROPAGANDIST . RISING TO SHARE CAIRO'S SKYLINE WITH THE HUGE DOME OF THE MOHAMMED ALI MOSQUE IS A FOREST OF TRANSMITTING ANTENNAS THAT CARRY RADIO CAIRO'S MESSAGE TO ALL THE WORLD . CAIRO'S VOICE BEARS MANY ACCENTS . THERE IS THE OVERT VOICE OF THE ARABS, AND A WHOLE CONCATENATION OF " VOICES " (VOICE OF THE ARAB NATION, FREE VOICE OF IRAN, VOICE OF FREE AFRICA, ETC.), WHICH BLEAT INCITEMENT TO REBELLION WITH NO IDENTIFICATION OF THEIR EGYPTIAN ORIGIN . THE TRANSMITTING COMPLEX IS ELABORATE AND DEVILISHLY CLEVER . RECENTLY, SOMALI-LANGUAGE TRANSMISSIONS HAVE SUPPORTED THE CLAIMS OF SOMALIA TO A PORTION OF NORTHEAST KENYA, WHILE SWAHILI BROADCASTS AIMED AT KENYA DENOUNCE THE IDEA . A U.S . CONSTRUCTION FIRM IS BUILDING A NEW TRANSMITTER, WHICH WILL BE BEAMED AT TUNISIA AND AIMED AT DESTROYING PRESIDENT HABIB BOURGUIBA . EGYPTIAN TV, THE LIVELIEST IN THE MIDDLE EAST, MANAGES TO KEEP THREE CHANNELS BUSY 20 HOURS A DAY, WHILE KINESCOPES SUBTLY LOADED WITH NASSER PROPAGANDA ARE SHIPPED OUT TO ALGERIA, KUWAIT AND LEBANON . NASSER HAS COLLECTED THE BEST ENTERTAINERS IN THE ARAB WORLD, AND USES THEM SUPERBLY . WHEN UM KALSOUM SINGS WE REVOLUTIONISTS, THE BEDOUINS IN THE DESERT ARE DEEPLY STIRRED . ONE OF THE MOST POPULAR SONGS AMONG ARAB KIDS IS HOW WE BUILD THE HIGH DAM AT ASWAN . EVERY TRANSISTOR RADIO IN THE MIDDLE EAST IS A NASSER AGENT . WHEN YEMEN REVOLTED AGAINST THE IMAM, NASSER SENT THEM ARMS AND TRANSISTORS . ARAB COMMUNISTS WHO BROADCAST LONG, WINDY SPEECHES FROM BULGARIA HAVE NOT A CHANCE AGAINST NASSER'S ENTERTAINERS . FIRE STRIKER . BUT NASSER'S TRIUMPHS ARE NOT SOLELY THE RESULT OF SUBVERSION AND POP SINGERS . HIS VERY EXAMPLE IS AN INSPIRATION . HE HAS BEEN THE UNCONTESTED RULER OF EGYPT FOR ALMOST A DECADE, EVER SINCE FEBRUARY 1954, WHEN HE PUT DOWN A REVOLT OF CAVALRY OFFICERS AND CONSOLIDATED HIS REGIME . DURING THAT TIME, THE OLD POLITICAL REMNANTS SUCH AS THE WAFDISTS HAVE DISAPPEARED AND EVEN BEEN FORGOTTEN . IT IS NASSER WHOSE PERSONALITY STANDS ABOVE ALL OTHERS IN EGYPT AND THE ARAB WORLD, AND NO OTHER NAME STRIKES FIRE LIKE HIS . HE IS HAILED AS THE MAN WHO DESTROYED EGYPT'S CORRUPT PAST AND GAVE ARABS A NEW DIGNITY . HIS PICTURE, WITH ITS PEPSODENT SMILE, IS FOUND IN EVERY CORNER OF THE MIDDLE EAST, FROM IRAQI BAZAARS TO THE HUTS OF ROYALIST YEMENI TRIBESMEN WHO STILL CLING TO NASSER'S PICTURE EVEN THOUGH THEY ARE FIGHTING NASSER'S TROOPS . WHAT NASSER HAS WORKING FOR HIM IS THE DEEP DESIRE OF ALL ARABS TO BE UNITED IN A SINGLE ARAB NATION, AND THEIR CONVICTION GRUDGING OR ENTHUSIASTIC THAT NASSER REPRESENTS THE BEST HOPE OF ACHIEVING IT . THIS DREAM OF UNITY HARKS BACK TO THE GOLDEN AGE OF THE 7TH CENTURY WHEN, SPURRED BY THE MESSIANIC MOSLEM RELIGION HANDED DOWN BY MOHAMMED THE PROPHET, ARAB WARRIORS BURST FROM THEIR DESERT PENINSULA AND CONQUERED EVERYTHING IN SIGHT . IN LESS THAN 150 YEARS, THE ARABS SWEPT VICTORIOUSLY NORTH TO ASIA MINOR AND THE WALLS OF BYZANTINE CONSTANTINOPLE, SOUTH OVER PERSIA AND AFGHANISTAN TO THE HEART OF INDIA, EAST THROUGH CENTRAL ASIA TO THE BORDERS OF CHINA, WEST OVER EGYPT AND AFRICA TO SPAIN AND SOUTHERN FRANCE . IT WAS AN INCREDIBLE EMPIRE LARGER THAN ANY CARVED OUT BY ALEXANDER THE GREAT OR IMPERIAL ROME . IT WAS ALSO AN EMPIRE THAT FELL SWIFTLY APART . BY THE 16TH CENTURY, THE ARAB STATES, ONE BY ONE, FELL TO THE OTTOMANS AND PASSED INTO THE LONG SLEEP OF TURKISH DOMINATION . THEN, IN WORLD WAR I, ARAB NATIONALISTS REBELLED AGAINST THEIR TURKISH OVERLORDS AND FOUGHT BESIDE THE BRITISH ARMIES IN THE MIDDLE EAST, CONFIDENT THAT THEY WOULD OBTAIN UNITY AND FREEDOM . MOVIEGOERS WHO HAVE SEEN LAWRENCE OF ARABIA KNOW THE GLOOMY RESULT : UNDER LEAGUE OF NATION MANDATES, MOST OF THE MIDDLE EAST WAS HANDED OVER TO BRITAIN AND FRANCE, AND FRUSTRATED ARABS WASTED THEMSELVES IN FUTILE REBELLIONS AGAINST THE COLONIAL POWERS . WORLD WAR II DID LITTLE BETTER FOR THE ARAB NATIONALISTS . INDIVIDUAL STATES GAINED INDEPENDENCE, BUT CONTROL WAS SECURELY HELD BY FEUDAL MONARCHS OR COALITIONS OF LANDOWNERS AND BUSINESSMEN WHO WERE OFTEN LITTLE MORE THAN COLONIAL PUPPETS . SIR WINSTON CHURCHILL " INVENTED " THE STATE OF JORDAN " ON A SUNDAY AFTERNOON IN JERUSALEM . " EVEN WORSE, IN THE ARAB VIEW, WAS THE PARTITION OF PALESTINE TO PROVIDE A NATIONAL HOMELAND FOR THE JEWS . HUMILIATION BECAME COMPLETE IN 1948, WHEN THE COMBINED ARMIES OF THE ARAB COUNTRIES WERE CRUSHINGLY DEFEATED BY THE ISRAELIS . MOON ORBIT . HENCE THE ENORMOUS PRESTIGE NASSER WON IN 1956, WHEN HE SURVIVED THE MASSED ASSAULT OF BRITAIN, FRANCE AND ISRAEL IN THE SUEZ WAR . ARABS IGNORED THE FACT THAT THE EGYPTIANS WERE BEATEN IN THE FIELD AND THAT ONLY INTERVENTION BY THE U.S . AND THE SOVIET UNION SAVED NASSER FROM COLLAPSE . WHAT MATTERED WAS THAT NASSER HAD ENGAGED THE IMPERIALISTS AND ISRAEL IN BATTLE, AND MANAGED TO SURVIVE . WHEN EGYPT LATER PROVED THAT IT HAD THE TECHNICAL SKILL TO OPERATE THE SUEZ CANAL EFFICIENTLY ON ITS OWN, ARAB NATIONALISTS WERE AS PROUD AS IF NASSER HAD PERSONALLY ORBITED THE MOON . HIS ARAB BRETHREN ALSO SHARE PRIDE IN NASSER'S ACHIEVEMENTS AT HOME IN THE YEARS SINCE SUEZ . CAIRO, A CITY AS POPULOUS AS CHICAGO, HAS BECOME A BUSTLING, BUSY METROPOLIS . NEW SKYSCRAPERS LINE THE BANKS OF THE NILE, THROWING GLITTERING LIGHT ON THE RIVER AT NIGHT AND BY DAY REFLECTING IN THEIR GLASS WALLS THE STATELY GRACE OF THE SAILS OF FELUCCAS HEADED UPRIVER WITH CARGOES OF WHEAT AND LIME . THE BUILDING BOOM IS NOT CONFINED TO THE HOTELS, WHICH WERE HOST THIS WINTER TO A RECORD HALF-MILLION TOURISTS . ON THE EDGE OF THE CITY, ENTIRE NEW SUBURBS ARE IN BEING OR ABUILDING . AT MEDINET EL WAQF, EGYPT'S NEW MANAGERS ARE HOUSED IN MODERN STUCCO COTTAGES . ON THE NORTHERN RIM OF THE CITY, 40,000 LOW-COST HOUSING UNITS WERE ERECTED LAST YEAR . BUT MOST OF CAIRO REMAINS THE SAME : CLOSE, CROWDED AND CACOPHONOUS WITH HARD-PRESSED AUTO HORNS . IN IMBABA, ON THE WEST BANK OF THE NILE, CAMELS STREAKED WITH HENNA STILL PLOD UNKNOWINGLY TOWARD THE SLAUGHTERHOUSE, AND GULLY-GULLY MEN DELIGHT BRIGHT-EYED, BROWN-FACED CHILDREN WITH MAGIC TRICKS AS THEY DID THEIR GRANDFATHERS 50 YEARS AGO . IMBABA'S JUNK MARKET IS STILL UNCHANGED, AND BENT NAILS AND HALF-SHOELACES ARE TRADED WITH SOLEMNITY AND DILIGENCE . THE RED FLOWERPOT OF THE TARBOOSH HAS ALL BUT VANISHED FROM CAIRENES' HEADS, AND NASSER HAS EVEN MADE CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS IN HIS CAMPAIGN TO GET HIS CITY FOLK TO SWITCH TO EUROPEAN CLOTHES FROM THE NIGHTSHIRT-LIKE GALLABIYA . MOST ASTONISHING IS THE FACT THAT A VISITOR SELDOM SEES A BAREFOOT MAN, WOMAN OR CHILD . EVEN URCHINS FROM THE CAIRO SLUMS WEAR SHOES AND SOCKS . TODAY CAIRO WALKS WELL-DRESSED, WELL-SHOD AND BAREHEADED, WITH ITS SHOULDERS BACK . SWALLOWED REVENUES . OF ALL EGYPTIANS, THE INDUSTRIAL WORKER HAS FARED THE BEST UNDER NASSER . NEXT TO HIM COMES THE FELLAH, THE TIMELESS PEASANT WORKING THE TIMELESS LAND . IT WAS THE JEST OF 1952 THAT NASSER'S FOREMOST AMBITION WAS TO RAISE THE FELLAHIN AT LEAST TO THE LIVING STANDARD OF THE GAMOOSA, THE WATER BUFFALO OF THE NILE . HE HAS MORE THAN SUCCEEDED . YOU CAN SEE IT SIMPLY IN THE FELLAH'S CLOTHES . BUT ALSO THE FELLAH, WHO USED TO HAVE MEAT ONLY ONCE OR TWICE A YEAR, NOW EATS IT AT LEAST ONCE A WEEK . IN PRE-NASSER EGYPT, THE MOST COMMON CHARACTERISTIC OF THE FELLAHIN WAS SUMMED UP IN THE PHRASE ANNA MALI, WHICH ROUGHLY TRANSLATES, " I COULDN'T CARE LESS . " TODAY THE WORD HEARD OVER AND OVER IS NAHDHA, A TERM MEANING TO SIT UP AND TAKE NOTICE OF THE WORLD AROUND YOU . EGYPT HAS BEEN AWAKE, TAKING NOTICE AND PARTICIPATING SINCE THE HOT SUMMER MORNING IN JULY 1952, WHEN NASSER AND A GROUP OF YOUNG ARMY OFFICERS PUT AN END TO THE REGIME OF KING FAROUK . THE RESULTING ECONOMIC UPSURGE WAS HARDLY ACCOMPLISHED BY EGYPT ALONE . THE INTENSE DEVELOPMENT CAMPAIGN SWALLOWED UP REVENUES FROM THE SUEZ CANAL, AND FROM THE BIGGEST CROP, COTTON . IN THE PROCESS, THE NATION HAS SPENT ITS SAVINGS . EGYPT'S FOREIGN-EXCHANGE RESERVES, WHICH STOOD AT A BILLION DOLLARS AFTER WORLD WAR II, HAVE DWINDLED TO SCARCELY $10 MILLION . THE CONSEQUENCE IS AN INCREASING DEPENDENCE ON FOREIGN AID . THE COMMUNIST BLOC HAS COMMITTED ITSELF TO $700 MILLION IN ECONOMIC AID SINCE 1955, AND RUSSIA IS FOOTING THE BILL FOR THE FAMED HIGH DAM AT ASWAN, WHICH BY 1972 WILL INCREASE THE ARABLE LAND OF EGYPT FROM 6,000,000 ACRES TO 8,000,000 ACRES AND SUPPLY 10 BILLION KW-H IN ELECTRIC POWER . SINCE 1945, THE U.S . HAS SUPPLIED EGYPT WITH $628.6 MILLION, MOSTLY IN THE FORM OF SURPLUS FOOD PAID FOR IN EGYPTIAN POUNDS, 85 PER CENT OF WHICH CAN BE (AND IS) LOANED BACK TO EGYPT . TODAY, EGYPT IS DEPENDENT ON THE U.S . FOR ITS FOOD, AND ON RUSSIA FOR ITS ARMS AND THE ASWAN DAM . THE FACT IS THAT NASSER IS NOT TOTALLY DEPENDENT ON ANY ONE POWER OR GROUP OF POWERS . HE IS STILL DETERMINEDLY NONALIGNED . BUT THINGS ARE BETTER THAN THE WORD IMPLIES . A FEW YEARS AGO, NASSER WAS NONALIGNED TOWARD THE EAST ; TODAY, HE IS MORE ACCURATELY REGARDED AS NONALIGNED TOWARD THE WEST . HAPPY NAUSEA . BUT NASSER'S ONE-MAN RULE HAS NOT BROUGHT UNMITIGATED BLISS TO EGYPT . THE BANKS AND INSURANCE COMPANIES WERE NATIONALIZED, AND THEIR OWNERS PAID OFF PARTLY IN BONDS THAT MAY NOT BE REDEEMED FOR YEARS TO COME . CONTRACTORS WHOSE EARNINGS REACH $69,000 A YEAR ARE TAKEN OVER, OR FORCED TO ACCEPT JOINT PARTICIPATION BY THE GOVERNMENT . WIPED OUT ARE THE GREAT LANDOWNERS ; FARM HOLDINGS ARE NOW LIMITED TO 100 ACRES PER FAMILY . THIS FORM OF SOCIALISM IS BENIGN ENOUGH . IT LEAVES MOST OF THE NATION'S COMMERCE IN PRIVATE HANDS AND DOES NOT AFFECT THE OVERWHELMING NUMBER OF SMALL FARMERS, WHO OWN FAR LESS THAN 100 ACRES . THE PRESS WAS NATIONALIZED IN 1960, AND ITS EDITORS ARE PICKED BY THE REGIME ,; THEY, OF COURSE, DO NOT CRITICIZE NASSER'S POLICIES . POLITICAL ACTIVITY IN THE USUAL SENSE IS BANNED BECAUSE, AS NASSER PUTS IT, " IF I HAD THREE POLITICAL PARTIES, ONE WOULD BE RUN BY THE RICH, ONE BY THE SOVIETS, AND ONE BY THE U.S . " THE ONLY PARTY PERMITTED BY LAW IS THE OFFICIAL ARAB SOCIALIST UNION, WHICH IS SUPPOSED TO PROVIDE DEMOCRACY BY ITS REPRESENTATION IN EVERY VILLAGE, FACTORY AND URBAN DISTRICT . THERE, LEADERS ARE CHOSEN TO PASS LOCAL VIEWS ALONG TO PROVINCIAL AND NATIONAL COMMITTEES . NASSER'S REVOLUTION HAS NEVER BEEN PARTICULARLY TOTALITARIAN, BUT THERE WAS A NASTY PERIOD IN LATE 1961, WHEN SYRIA BROKE AWAY FROM EGYPT . HUNDREDS OF PEOPLE, INCLUDING ARMY OFFICERS, WERE ARRESTED . FOREIGN DIPLOMATS WERE SHADOWED BY SECRET POLICE . BUT SINCE THEN, THE ATMOSPHERE OF FEAR HAS LARGELY VANISHED . GENERAL MOHAMMED NAGUIB, THE 1952 REVOLUTION'S FIRST LEADER, WHO SERVED FOR TWO YEARS AS A FRONT FOR NASSER AND WAS THEN DEPOSED, STILL LIVES QUIETLY IN A CAIRO VILLA NEAR THE NILE AND IS PERMITTED TO MOVE FAIRLY FREELY ABOUT THE CITY . OLD NAHAS PASHA AND OTHER FORMER WAFDIST ENEMIES OF THE NEW REGIME REMAIN IN THEIR HOMES, WHICH, IN MOST CASES, THEY HAVE BEEN ALLOWED TO KEEP . NASSER'S GOVERNMENT HAS MOVED IMPRESSIVELY INTO THE FIELDS OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH . PRIMARY SCHOOLS WERE ERECTED AND STAFFED AT A RATE OF TWO EVERY THREE DAYS . EDUCATION IS FREE, AND EGYPT'S UNIVERSITIES ARE CRAMMED WITH 126,000 STUDENTS, INCLUDING 20,000 FROM OTHER ARAB LANDS . IMPROVED HYGIENE AND FREE CLINICS HAVE ONLY INCREASED THE POPULATION PRESSURE : THE NEW ARABLE LAND TO BE PROVIDED BY THE ASWAN DAM WILL BE BARELY ENOUGH TO FEED THE ESTIMATED 55 MILLION POPULATION IN 20 YEARS . IN SORT, AT TREMENDOUS COST, EGYPT WILL NOT HAVE GONE FORWARD BUT MERELY STOOD STILL WITH THIS CHALLENGE, NASSER HAS BEGUN A NATIONWIDE BIRTH CONTROL CAMPAIGN . ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES ARE BEING SOLD BELOW COST (A MONTH'S SUPPLY FOR 46 #$ ), AND EGYPTIAN WOMEN ARE SAID TO RELISH THE PILLS BECAUSE THEY INDUCE THE SAME FEELING OF NAUSEA EXPERIENCED IN PREGNANCY . THE PRESSURE OF EGYPT'S MILLIONS, IN FACT, IS ONE OF THE THINGS THAT MAKES OTHER ARAB STATES WARY OF BEING TOO CLOSELY EMBRACED BY NASSER . EGYPT, LIKE CHINA, IS ALWAYS THREATENING TO SPILL OVER ITS BORDERS INTO THE RELATIVELY EMPTY LAND OF ITS NEIGHBORS . INDIVIDUALISTIC ARABS, AS WELL, ARE NERVOUSLY CONCERNED ABOUT DISAPPEARING INTO THE STRAITJACKET OF NASSER'S ONEMAN RULE . LAPS OF GENERALS . TO THESE DISSENTERS, THERE IS ANOTHER FLASHING BEACON OF ARAB UNITY : THE BAATH (RENAISSANCE) PARTY, WHICH DOMINATES THE NEW GOVERNMENTS IN BOTH IRAQ AND SYRIA . THE STREET MOBS AND IMPATIENT YOUNG ARMY OFFICERS MAY WORSHIP NASSER, BUT ARAB STUDENTS AND INTELLECTUALS BOW BEFORE THE CREATOR OF BAATH, A TINY, BEAK-NOSED, MEEK-CHINNED SYRIAN NAMED MICHEL AFLAK . AFLAK, 53, AN ARAB CHRISTIAN WHO COUNTS HIS AMBER WORRY BEADS THREE AT A TIME, SHUNS CROWDS AND HOLDS NO POST IN ANY GOVERNMENT, MAKES AN INCONGRUOUS RIVAL TO THE BRASH, BURLY, GOOD-LOOKING NASSER . NO CROWDS HAVE EVER SHRIEKED OVER HIM, CHANTED HIS NAME OR PARADED HIS PICTURE . HE LIVES IN A SMALL, CRAMPED DAMASCUS APARTMENT WITH A FRAYED CARPET, CHEAP FURNITURE, AND CLOTHES DRYING ON A BALCONY WASHLINE . HIS TWO INFANT CHILDREN TODDLE ABOUT AND, LAST WEEK, CLAMBERED ON THE LAPS OF GENERALS AND CABINET MINISTERS WHO CROWDED AFLAK'S PARLOR . THE SON OF A NATIONALIST-MINDED SHOPKEEPER, AFLAK PASSIONATELY EMBRACED THE IDEAL OF ARAB UNITY AS A DAMASCUS SCHOOLBOY . HIS EDUCATION AT THE SORBONNE IN PARIS, WHERE HE GRADUATED WITH HONORS IN HISTORY, WAS FINANCED BY A SUCCESSFUL UNCLE WHO HAD EMIGRATED TO BRAZIL . AFTER A BRIEF TEACHING CAREER AT A DAMASCUS LYCEE, AFLAK RESIGNED IN 1942 TO DEVOTE HIS LIFE TO POLITICS AND TO HIS PERSONAL CREATION, THE BAATH PARTY . WHAT AFLAK CREATED WAS A MYSTIC AND LYRICAL HYMN TO WAHADI ARABIYA (ARAB ONENESS), AND HE OVERFLOWS WITH SUCH SENTIMENTS AS " NATIONALISM IS LOVE BEFORE EVERYTHING ELSE, " AND " A NEW PAGE IS OPEN, THE PAGE OF THOSE WHO WALK WITH NAKED SOULS AS IF THEY WERE IN THEIR OWN BEDROOM . " HE DEFINES REVOLUTION AS " THAT POWERFUL PSYCHIC CURRENT, THAT MANDATORY STRUGGLE, WITHOUT WHICH THE REAWAKENING OF A NATION CANNOT BE UNDERSTOOD . " THE BAATH SLOGAN, " UNITY, FREEDOM, SOCIALISM, " WAS BLANDLY APPROPRIATED BY NASSER FOR HIS OWN USE, BUT NASSER HAS SHOWN NO EAGERNESS TO TAKE OVER OTHER BAATH TENETS, SUCH AS FREE ELECTIONS, FREE PRESS, AND FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND ASSEMBLY . FROM SYRIA, BAATHISM MOVED SWIFTLY TO IRAQ AND JORDAN, MORE SLOWLY TO KUWAIT AND SAUDI ARABIA . ALTHOUGH THE PARTY IS ANTIBOURGEOIS, MOST OF ITS ADHERENTS COME FROM MIDDLE-CLASS INTELLECTUALS AND SMALL SHOPKEEPERS . BAATH MADE CONSERVATIVE GOVERNMENTS NERVOUS WITH ITS SOCIALISM (WHICH IS ACTUALLY A BLEND OF MILD MARXISM AND THE NEW DEAL), AND WAS ATTACKED BY THE COMMUNISTS AS A DEVIATING EXPONENT OF WEAK LIBERALISM . IN SYRIA, DURING THE COURSE OF 14 YEARS AND NINE DIFFERENT COUPS, THE BAATH PARTY BOBBED UP AND DOWN . NOT UNTIL 1958, WHEN SYRIA'S COMMUNISTS WERE PLOTTING AN ARMED TAKEOVER, WERE THE BAATHISTS ABLE TO STAMPEDE SYRIAN CONSERVATIVES INTO ACCEPTING UNITY WITH EGYPT AS THE LESSER EVIL . SLIPPED BORDER . UNITY WAS OBTAINED, BUT AT A HIGH PRICE . ONCE IN CONTROL, NASSER INSISTED ON THE ABOLITION OF ALL PARTIES, BAATH INCLUDED, AND FIXED ON SYRIA THE SAME TIGHT CONTROLS AND SECURITY-POLICE SYSTEM AS IN EGYPT . DESIGNATED AS THE NORTHERN REGION OF THE UNITED ARAB REPUBLIC, SYRIA WAS FLOODED BY OFFICIOUS EGYPTIAN BRASS AND CRAMPED BY NASSER'S AUTHORITARIAN ECONOMIC SCHEMES . SYRIAN OFFICERS WHO PROTESTED FOUND THEMSELVES TRANSFERRED TO DUTY DEEP IN EGYPT ; CIVILIANS QUICKLY LANDED IN JAIL . AT LAST, EVEN MICHEL AFLAK REBELLED AND ORDERED THE BAATH CABINET MINISTERS TO RESIGN IN A BODY, SETTING THE STAGE FOR SYRIA'S ANGRY SECESSION FROM THE U.A.R . IN IRAQ THE BAATH PARTY FACED CRISIS FROM THE MOMENT DICTATOR KARIM KASSEM ESTABLISHED HIS BLOODY DICTATORSHIP IN 1958 . THE BAATHISTS PARTICIPATED IN AN ARMED REVOLT IN THE OIL CENTER OF MOSUL, WHICH KASSEM SAVAGELY SUPPRESSED WITH THE HELP OF IRAQ'S COMMUNIST MILITIA . A BAATHIST GROUP TRIED TO KILL KASSEM, BUT FAILED AND WAS BUTCHERED . FINALLY, LAST MONTH, BAATHIST POLITICIANS AND PRO-NASSER MILITARY MEN ORGANIZED AND EXECUTED THE COUP THAT RESULTED IN THE DEATH OF KASSEM AND THE SLAUGHTER OF HUNDREDS OF HIS COMMUNIST ALLIES . FOUR WEEKS LATER WITH FAR LESS BLOOD BAATHISTS AND PRO-NASSER OFFICERS IN DAMASCUS BRUSHED ASIDE THE CONSERVATIVE GOVERNMENT OF SYRIA . THE WAY AT LAST WAS OPEN FOR THE UNITY THAT EVERYONE HAD BEEN TALKING ABOUT . COMPLETE LESSON . THE DIFFICULTY, OF COURSE, IS THAT EVERYONE WANTS UNITY ON HIS OWN TERMS . EVEN JORDAN'S KING HUSSEIN, WHO IS ANATHEMA TO NASSER AND THE BAATHISTS, SAYS HE HOPES FOR EVENTUAL RECONCILIATION WITH HIS ENEMIES AND ADMISSION OF JORDAN INTO THE ARAB UNION . IF NECESSARY, HUSSEIN TOLD NEWSMEN, HE WOULD ABDICATE TO ACHIEVE ARAB UNITY . BUT HE QUICKLY ADDED, " PROVIDED IT'S UNITY ON A PROPER BASIS . " MICHEL AFLAK REPLIES : " JORDAN AND SAUDI ARABIA ARE WELCOME TO JOIN THE ARAB UNION, BUT NOT WITH THEIR PRESENT REGIMES AND RULERS . " IN CAIRO PRESIDENT NASSER HAS GIVEN EVERY INDICATION THAT HE INTENDS TO AVOID THE MISTAKES MADE DURING THE HURRIED AND ILL-FATED UNION WITH SYRIA . " THE MAIN REASON FOR THE LACK OF SUCCESS, " NASSER TOLD TIME LAST WEEK, " WAS THAT WE ACCEPTED COMPLETE UNION AND AMALGAMATION, INSTEAD OF FEDERATION AND SELF-GOVERNMENT IN BOTH STATES . " TO BEGIN DISCUSSION OF A BETTER SYSTEM, IRAQI AND SYRIAN DELEGATIONS FLEW INTO CAIRO FORTNIGHT AGO FOR PRELIMINARY TALKS WITH NASSER . LAST WEEK AN EVEN MORE HIGH-POWERED GROUP OF SYRIANS ARRIVED, HEADED BY MICHEL AFLAK AND PREMIER SALAH EL-BITAR, WITH THE INTENTION OF LAYING DOWN A SOLID FOUNDATION FOR THE PROPOSED UNITY STRUCTURE . THIS WEEK ANOTHER SET OF DELEGATES FROM SYRIA AND IRAQ WILL RETURN TO CAIRO, EACH BRINGING A DRAFT PROJECT FOR A NEW UNION . NOISE IN ALEPPO . IT SEEMS UNLIKELY THAT ANY KIND OF FEDERATION WITH CENTRALIZED AUTHORITY WILL EMERGE . WHAT IS POSSIBLE IS A LOOSE ALLIANCE, WITH HARMONIZED DEFENSE AND FOREIGN POLICIES . THERE MIGHT ALSO BE A DEGREE OF ECONOMIC COOPERATION AMONG THE THREE NATIONS, POSSIBLY INCLUDING EVEN YEMEN, WHICH IS SO BACKWARD THAT IT HAS BEEN DESCRIBED AS " RUSHING INTO THE 13TH CENTURY . " SUCH A SYSTEM OF SOVEREIGN STATES WOULD REPRESENT A TACIT ADMISSION THAT ARABS ARE NOT ALL ALIKE AND THAT THEIR INTERESTS DO NOT ALWAYS COINCIDE . THE FACT THAT THE TALKS BETWEEN SYRIANS, IRAQIS AND EGYPTIANS HAVE NOT YET PRODUCED ANYTHING CONCRETE IS LESS IMPORTANT THAN THE FACT THAT THEY ARE, AT LEAST, TALKING TO ONE ANOTHER AND NOT SCREAMING IMPRECATIONS AS THEY HAVE DONE SO OFTEN IN THE PAST . BUT ALREADY SOME ARABS WERE BECOMING IMPATIENT . THERE WERE PRO-NASSER DEMONSTRATIONS IN THE SYRIAN PORT OF ALEPPO . IN DAMASCUS A TOUGH YOUNG NASSERITE WHO HAD MOVED DIRECTLY FROM A PRISON CELL TO AN ORNATE GOVERNMENT OFFICE DISMISSED THE BAATHISTS AS IDEOLOGISTS, NOT POLITICAL LEADERS . " WE ARE GOING TO RUN SYRIA WITH NASSER THE WAY WE WANT, " HE SAID . " WE ARE GOING TO UNITE WITH EGYPT THE WAY NASSER WANTS . " BLASTING PATHS ? THE FACT THAT THE MIDDLE EAST IS SO CONSISTENTLY COMBUSTIBLE AND HAS SO LOW AN IGNITION POINT MAKES ITS AFFAIRS OF DEEP IMPORTANCE TO OTHER POWERS . IN THE OLD CITY OF JERUSALEM LAST WEEK, ARABS WERE JARRED BY RECURRENT DULL EXPLOSIONS IN THE BORDER AREAS, AND THERE WAS SPECULATION THAT ISRAELI DEMOLITION SQUADS WERE BLOWING UP OLD MINES IN NOMAN'S LAND TO CLEAR LANES FOR AN ADVANCE INTO JORDAN SHOULD KING HUSSEIN BE OVERTHROWN BY NASSERITES . ISRAEL IS NOT IMPRESSED BY SUGGESTIONS THAT EGYPT'S RULER HAS GIVEN UP HIS DOMINEERING WAYS . ONE OFFICIAL IN TEL AVIV WARNED : " NASSER FINDS IT DIFFICULT TO RESIST TEMPTATION . SUCCESS TURNS HIS HEAD, AND BEING BASICALLY A MILITARY MAN, HE THINKS IN TERMS OF EXTERNAL EXPANSION . " THE ISRAELI GOVERNMENT SEES A HINT OF NASSER'S DREAMS OF GRANDEUR IN HIS YEMEN ADVENTURE, WHICH HAS ALREADY TIED UP ONE-THIRD OF HIS ARMY ISRAEL'S STATED POLICY IS THAT ANY CHANGE IN THE INTERNAL SITUATION OF HER ARAB NEIGHBORS AFFECTING THE SECURITY OF HER BORDERS WOULD FREE ISRAEL OF HER UNDERTAKING TO MAINTAIN THE STATUS QUO . MANY ARABS FEAR THAT ISRAEL WOULD MOVE TROOPS STRAIGHT TO THE WEST BANK OF THE JORDAN RIVER . IF HUSSEIN'S REGIME COLLAPSES . FAT OR THIN . BRITAIN'S PRESENT RELATIONS WITH EGYPT ARE CORRECT BUT COOL . WHILE RECOGNIZING NASSER'S PRE-EMINENCE IN THE ARAB WORLD AND HIS GREAT ABILITIES, THE BRITISH REMAIN WARY OF THE MAN AND HIS POLICIES . UNDERSTANDABLY, BRITAIN IS WORRIED ABOUT THE FUTURE OF ITS FEW REMAINING MIDDLE EAST COLONIES AND ITS IMPORTANT OIL INTERESTS . " NASSER'S OWN STAND ON OIL IS AMBIGUOUS, " COMPLAINS ONE DIPLOMAT . " OF COURSE, HE WOULD LIKE TO CONTROL OIL-RICH KUWAIT, BUT SO WOULD EVERYONE ELSE . " BRITISH AND U.S . OIL EXECUTIVES, THOUGH ADMITTING TO SOME UNEASINESS ABOUT NASSER'S INTENTIONS, SEE NO IMMEDIATE THREAT TO THE MIDDLE EAST'S DAILY FLOW OF 6,500,000 BBL . " WE HAVE LEARNED TO LIVE WITH POLITICAL INSTABILITY, " SAYS ONE OILMAN STOICALLY . THEIR FEAR IS NOT THAT THE WEST WILL LOSE ACCESS TO THE MIDDLE EAST'S PROVEN OIL RESERVES OF 194 BILLION BBL., BUT THAT ANY NEW ARAB GROUPING MIGHT START A CAMPAIGN TO REDUCE THE PRODUCER'S PROFITS . " ARAB UNITY MAY BE GOOD OR BAD FOR THE OIL INDUSTRY, " EXPLAINED ONE OFFICIAL . " IT DEPENDS ON THE GOALS OF UNITY AND THESE ARE DIFFICULT TO DISCERN IN THE PRESENT SITUATION . " DRAWN LINE . SHARPLY HOSTILE AFTER NASSER'S SUEZ NATIONALIZATION, AND NERVOUS AT HIS FLIRTATION WITH THE COMMUNISTS, U.S . POLICY MORE RECENTLY HAS TURNED IN NASSER'S FAVOR . RECALLING THE DAYS NOT SO LONG AGO WHEN CAIRO RADIO WAS SPOUTING UGLY LIES ABOUT THE U.S., WASHINGTON IS NOT INCLINED TO BE NASSER'S SPONSOR . BUT THE U.S . CAN COOPERATE WITH THE MAN WHOSE NAME IS ON EVERY ARAB LIP . OFFICIALLY, THE U.S . AIMS AT ASSISTING ANY GOVERNMENT, NO MATTER WHAT ITS FORM, THAT APPEARS TO BE SINCERELY AND EFFECTIVELY WORKING FOR INTERNAL DEVELOPMENT AND THE GOOD OF ITS PEOPLE . WITH INDIFFERENCE TO SOCIAL SYSTEMS, THE U.S . HAS AIDED EGYPT ON THE LEFT AND IRAN ON THE RIGHT, RECOGNIZED THE MONARCHIES OF JORDAN AND SAUDI ARABIA AS WELL AS PRO-NASSER YEMEN . BUT THERE IS A LINE DRAWN BY THE U.S . " IF THE COLD WAR IN THE ARAB WORLD THREATENS THE LARGE AMERICAN INTERESTS IN, SAY, SAUDI ARABIA, WE'LL HAVE TO TAKE A STAND, " SAYS A U.S . OFFICIAL . SIMILARLY, THE U.S . CONSIDERS ITSELF NONALIGNED IN THE STRUGGLE BETWEEN ISRAEL AND THE ARAB WORLD . WASHINGTON'S ATTITUDE TOWARD ARAB UNION IS STILL TIED TO A PRONOUNCEMENT MADE BY SECRETARY OF STATE JOHN FOSTER DULLES DURING THE EISENHOWER ADMINISTRATION . DULLES SAID THEN, AND IT WAS REPEATED LAST WEEK IN WASHINGTON, THAT THE U.S . LOOKS WITH FAVOR ON ANY MOVEMENT TOWARD ARAB UNION THAT IS NOT IMPOSED FROM OUTSIDE THE ARAB WORLD . GREAT COUPS . NASSER TODAY TAKES AN INDULGENT VIEW OF THE U.S . HIS EARLIER RESENTMENTS, HE SAYS, RESULTED FROM AMERICAN ATTEMPTS TO FORCE EGYPT INTO JOINING SUCH " IMPERIALIST " GROUPINGS AS THE MEDITERRANEAN DEFENSE ORGANIZATION AND THE BAGHDAD PACT . NASSER APPLAUDS THE PRESENT ADMINISTRATION IN WASHINGTON BECAUSE " KENNEDY TRIED FROM THE FIRST TO UNDERSTAND US AND TO BE REALISTIC WHEN FACING THE ARAB WORLD . UNDER JOHN FOSTER DULLES, THE U.S . WITHDREW ITS AID FOR THE ASWAN DAM, WE FACED BLOCKADE AND EVEN THE BLOCKING OF OUR OWN MONEY IN U.S . BANKS . / HOWEVER, NASSER CONCEDES, " IT SHOULD NOT BE FORGOTTEN THAT THE U.S . STOOD BY US IN THE UNITED NATIONS DURING THE SUEZ CRISIS, AND THAT LEFT A GOOD IMPRESSION . " PRESIDENT NASSER AND PRESIDENT KENNEDY HAVE BECOME CLOSE CORRESPONDENTS . " WE ARE VERY FRANK WITH EACH OTHER, " SAYS NASSER . " WE DON'T EXCHANGE DIPLOMATIC WORDS BUT EXPRESS HONEST AND FRANK OPINIONS . I BELIEVE WE HAVE BUILT UP A CONFIDENCE IN EACH OTHER . " THE CONFIDENCE EXTENDS TO U.S . AMBASSADOR JOHN BADEAU, WHO SPEAKS FLUENT ARABIC AND HAS UNLIMITED ACCESS TO NASSER, WHILE HIS BRITISH COUNTERPART SEES NASSER ONLY TWICE A YEAR AT FORMAL MEETINGS . THE COMMUNISTS ARE SO CONVINCED THAT THE U.S . CONTROLS EVENTS IN THE MIDDLE EAST THAT THE POLISH AMBASSADOR IN CAIRO STOPPED A U.S . DIPLOMAT AT THE ENTRANCE TO A LUNCHEON PARTY AND SAID BITTERLY : " I MUST CONGRATULATE YOU ON YOUR TREMENDOUS ACHIEVEMENTS IN IRAQ AND SYRIA . YOU HAVE MADE TWO GREAT COUPS . " JIGGLED LEG . AT WEEK'S END IN CAIRO, THE CONFERENCES ON ARAB UNITY DRONED ON TO THE ACCOMPANIMENT OF CIGARETTE SMOKE AND ENDLESS SMALL CUPS OF COFFEE . NASSER SAT IN ON THE NEGOTIATIONS, SERENELY CONFIDENT THAT WHAT FINALLY EMERGED WOULD BE WHAT HE WANTED . AT 45, NASSER'S HAIR HAS GREYED AT THE TEMPLES, AND HE HAS GIVEN UP TENNIS FOR THE LESS DEMANDING SPORT OF SWIMMING . HE APPEARS AS PHYSICALLY FIT AS EVER AND RETAINS HIS OLD NERVOUS HABITS OF JIGGLING HIS LEG WHILE SITTING, AND OF SMOKING FIVE PACKS OF L . & M.S A DAY ; LIKE MOST EGYPTIANS, HE CANNOT STAND THE LOCAL BRANDS . HE STILL WORKS TWELVE AND 18 HOURS AT A CLIP AND IS STILL THE ONLY MAN IN THE GOVERNMENT WHO CAN BE REACHED AT ANY HOUR . A CLOSE AIDE SAYS : " I'VE NEVER HEARD OF ANYONE GETTING CHEWED OUT FOR CALLING NASSER IN THE MIDDLE OF THE NIGHT . I DO KNOW OF MANY WHO HAVE BEEN GIVEN UNSHIRTED HELL FOR NOT CALLING HIM WHEN SOMETHING HAPPENED . HE WON'T LIKE YOU TO SAY THIS, BUT IT IS STILL STRICTLY A ONE-MAN SHOW . HE HAS LOTS OF GOOD TECHNICAL HELP, BUT HE TRUSTS NO ONE ELSE WITH POLITICS . " EVEN MORE THAN RUSSIANS, ARABS EXPRESS THEIR FOLK WISDOM IN PROVERBS, RANGING FROM THE CAUTIONARY (SEE COVER) TO THE RACIALLY SKEPTICAL ( " BETTER THE TYRANNY OF THE TURKS THAN THE JUSTICE OF THE ARABS " ) . THERE ARE PROVERBS APLENTY TO FIT THE DREAM OF UNITY . TO THE AMBITIOUS NASSER, OTHER ARAB LEADERS MIGHT POINT OUT THE ONE THAT SAYS, " THE CAMEL DRIVER HAS HIS PLANS, AND THE CAMEL HAS HIS . " BUT PROVERBS ARE ECLIPSED BY POWER, AND LAST WEEK NOTHING WAS MORE CERTAIN THAN THAT WHATEVER UNITY SCHEME EMERGES IN THE MIDDLE EAST, MUST, FIRST OF ALL, BE SATISFACTORY TO GAMAL ABDEL NASSER . FOR OF ALL THE REVOLUTIONS INVOLVED, ONLY HIS IN EGYPT HAS SURVIVED AND PROSPERED FOR A FULL TEN YEARS . 
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GREAT BRITAIN WHAT EVER HAPPENED TO CHRISTINE KEELER ? SHE WAS JUST ANOTHER GIRL FROM MIDDLESEX WHO CALLED HERSELF A MODEL A EUPHEMISM AS VAGUE AS " STARLET " AND WITH JUST AS MANY IMPLICATIONS . BUT LEGGY, REDHEADED CHRISTINE KEELER, 21, MANAGED TO MOVE IN MAYFAIR'S SMARTEST CIRCLES AND NUMBERED AMONG HER WIDE RANGE OF GENTLEMEN ACQUAINTANCES TOP NAMES IN LONDON'S POLITICAL, SOCIAL, DIPLOMATIC AND SHOW BUSINESS WORLDS . LAST WEEK THE SOCIAL LIFE OF CHRISTINE KEELER, ONETIME WAITRESS AND FULLTIME PLAYGIRL, WAS ALL OVER THE FRONT PAGES OF THE BRITISH PRESS . CHRISTINE'S SPONSOR WAS A SOCIAL GADABOUT NAMED STEPHEN WARD, 43, AN ARTIST AND OSTEOPATH WHO LIVES IN A THAMESSIDE SUMMER HOUSE ON VISCOUNT ASTOR'S FAMED ESTATE AT CLIVEDEN . / I KNOW A LOT OF VERY IMPORTANT PEOPLE AND AM OFTEN RECEIVED IN SOME OF THE MOST FAMOUS HOMES IN THE COUNTRY, " SAYS WARD . " SIR WINSTON CHURCHILL AND MANY LEADING POLITICIANS HAVE BEEN AMONG MY PATIENTS ; PRINCE PHILIP, THE DUKE AND DUCHESS OF KENT AND LORD SNOWDON HAVE BEEN AMONG MY SITTERS . " WARD ALSO HAD A GENUINE INTEREST IN YOUNG GIRLS OF HUMBLE ORIGIN . " I LIKE PRETTY GIRLS, " HE SAYS . " I AM SENSITIVE TO THE NEEDS AND THE STRESSES OF MODERN LIVING . " TO THE GREAT AND NEAR GREAT, WARD INTRODUCED " ATTRACTIVE YOUNG GIRLS LIKE CHRISTINE KEELER, WHO COME FROM THE PROVINCES OR THE REMOTE SUBURBS " AND FOR WHOM " LONDON IS A BATTLEFIELD . " CHAIN OF EVENTS . WARD ARRANGED AN UNSUCCESSFUL SCREEN TEST FOR CHRISTINE WITH DOUGLAS FAIRBANKS JR., INTRODUCED HER TO A NAVAL ATTACHE AT THE RUSSIAN EMBASSY, AND TO A " SENIOR NAVAL OFFICER OF THE AMERICAN FLEET WHO SORTED OUT HER PROBLEMS . " BUT CHRISTINE, SAID WARD, ALSO HAD " OCCASIONAL FOOLHARDY ADVENTURES IN THE COMPLETELY DIFFERENT WORLD OF COLORED MEN . " ONE DAY LAST DECEMBER, JOHNNIE EDGECOMBE, CHRISTINE'S WEST INDIAN LOVER, SHOWED UP OUTSIDE WARD'S WEST END FLAT, WHERE CHRISTINE WAS VISITING, AND FIRED SEVERAL SHOTS AT THE DOOR . POLICE CARTED JOHNNIE AWAY AND TAGGED CHRISTINE TO BE A PRINCIPAL WITNESS AT HIS TRIAL . THEN CAME A PECULIAR CHAIN OF EVENTS . CHRISTINE KEELER FAILED TO SHOW UP FOR JOHNNIE'S TRIAL, AND THE LEADING NEWSPAPERS HINTED THAT CHRISTINE FEARED CROSS-EXAMINATION ABOUT HER PRIVATE LIFE AND HAD DROPPED OUT OF SIGHT TO PROTECT HER PROMINENT FRIENDS . ON TOP OF THAT CAME NEWS THAT WARD'S CLIVEDEN HOUSE, THE SCENE OF MANY A FASHIONABLE PARTY AND FORTUITOUS INTRODUCTION, HAD BEEN RANSACKED ; WARD'S LETTERS WERE STOLEN, AND SCATTERED ALL OVER THE FLOOR WERE A NUDE PHOTOGRAPH OF CHRISTINE AND A SLEW OF PORNOGRAPHIC PICTURES, WHICH WARD CLAIMED WERE NOT HIS . IN WHITEHALL AND IN THE HOUSE OF COMMONS SMOKING ROOMS, RUMORS BEGAN CIRCULATING THAT ONE OF CHRISTINE'S MANY ACQUAINTANCES WAS A GOVERNMENT MINISTER . CHEEK TO CHEEK . AT A LATE-NIGHT COMMONS SESSION LAST WEEK, A LABOR M.P . UNEXPECTEDLY ASKED THE GOVERNMENT " TO DENY THE TRUTH OF THESE RUMORS :. INVOLVING A MEMBER OF THE GOVERNMENT'S FRONT BENCH . " ANOTHER M.P . TRIED TO MAKE LIGHT OF THE ISSUE . " WHAT DO THESE RUMORS AMOUNT TO ? " HE SAID . " THEY AMOUNT TO THE FACT THAT A MINISTER HAS AN ACQUAINTANCE WITH A VERY PRETTY GIRL . I SHOULD HAVE THOUGHT THAT THAT WAS A MATTER FOR CONGRATULATION RATHER THAN ENQUIRY . / BUT LEFT-WING LABORITE BARBARA CASTLE INSISTED ON GETTING BACK TO THE QUESTION OF " MISS CHRISTINE KEELER, MISSING CALL GIRL, VANISHED WITNESS . " WHAT, SHE ASKED, " IF THERE IS SOMETHING ELSE OF MUCH GREATER IMPORTANCE ? WHAT IF THERE IS A QUESTION OF THE PERVERSION OF JUSTICE AT STAKE ? / FOR THE GOVERNMENT'S ANSWER NEXT MORNING, THE COMMONS WAS PACKED . ON THE FRONT BENCH WITH PRIME MINISTER HAROLD MACMILLAN SAT URBANE TORY SECRETARY OF STATE FOR WAR JOHN PROFUMO, 48, WHOSE BEAUTIFUL ACTRESS WIFE VALERIE (GREAT EXPECTATIONS) HOBSON SAT QUIETLY IN THE SPEAKER'S GALLERY OVERHEAD . PROFUMO ROSE AND CALMLY SAID, " I UNDERSTAND THAT MY NAME HAS BEEN CONNECTED WITH THE RUMORS ABOUT THE DISAPPEARANCE OF MISS KEELER . / INDEED, PROFUMO SAID, HE AND HIS WIFE HAD MET CHRISTINE AT CLIVEDEN, AND HE HAD SUBSEQUENTLY SEEN HER " ON ABOUT SIX OCCASIONS AT DR. WARD'S FLAT " IN LONDON . " I LAST SAW MISS KEELER IN DECEMBER 1961, AND I HAVE NOT SEEN HER SINCE . ANY SUGGESTION THAT I WAS IN ANY WAY CONNECTED WITH OR RESPONSIBLE FOR HER ABSENCE FROM THE TRIAL IS WHOLLY AND COMPLETELY UNTRUE . THERE HAS BEEN NO IMPROPRIETY BETWEEN MYSELF AND MISS KEELER . I SHALL NOT HESITATE TO ISSUE WRITS FOR LIBEL AND SLANDER IF SCANDALOUS STATEMENTS ARE MADE OUTSIDE THIS HOUSE . / AFTER THE TWO-MINUTE SPEECH, PROFUMO AND HIS WIFE LEFT THE COMMONS FOR THE RACES AT SANDOWN PARK, WHERE THEY WERE THE GUESTS IN THE ROYAL BOX OF THE QUEEN MOTHER . THAT NIGHT THE PROFUMOS DANCED CHEEK TO CHEEK AT A TORY PARTY BALL . 
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MOSCOW'S IMAGE MAKERS WITH ALL THE HOOPLA ABOUT AMERICAN PRODUCTS COMING OUT OF MOSCOW LAST WEEK, ONE MIGHT HAVE THOUGHT MADISON AVENUE HAD BEEN MOVED TO GORKY STREET . FIRST CAME ENDORSEMENT OF BLUE JEANS, A COMMODITY THE KREMLIN HAD ALWAYS DISDAINED AS A CAPITALIST FAD WORN ONLY BY PARASITES . NONSENSE, DECLARED IZVESTIA, " TEXAS TROUSERS " ARE / VERY USEFUL, " ADDING REASSURINGLY THAT " THE ORIGIN OF BLUE JEANS IS NOT WITH HOLLYWOOD MOVIE STARS, BUT WITH REAL COWBOYS, WHO DON'T TAKE PART IN WILD CHASES AND ROMANTIC GUNPLAY, BUT IN HONEST AND HARD WORK . / NEXT, IT WAS NIKITA KHRUSHCHEV'S TURN TO PEDDLE TWO OTHER U.S . ITEMS : POTATO CHIPS AND CORNFLAKES . ALMOST WISTFULLY, HE PAUSED IN A REPORT TO RECALL HIS TRIP TO THE U.S . IN 1959, AND HOW " WE SAT THERE IN THE PLANE, TALKING AND MUNCHING FACTORYMADE FRIED POTATO CHIPS . THEY WERE NUTRITIOUS AND TASTY . AND THEY ARE CHEAP . " KHRUSHCHEV'S PLUG FOR CORNFLAKES WAS EQUALLY ENTHUSIASTIC . MANY PEOPLE IN THE U.S . AND BRITAIN, HE REPORTED, HAPPILY BREAKFAST ON " VITAMINIZED FLAKES OF CORN WHICH ARE EATEN WITH MILK . " UNFORTUNATELY, HE ADDED, " WE CONSUME CORN IN NIGGARDLY AMOUNTS BECAUSE INDUSTRY DOES NOT PRODUCE THE FOODS WE NEED CATCHING THE SPIRIT, IZVESTIA MADE ONE FINAL SUGGESTION : RUSSIANS SHOULD EAT MORE POPCORN CALLED " AIR CORN " BY THE SOVIETS . " THE AMERICANS LOVE IT . CHILDREN AND ADULTS ENJOY IT . THEY SELL SMALL PACKAGES IN THEATERS, RAILROAD STATIONS AND AIRPORTS . " SOVIET FAMILIES WOULD LOVE IT ALSO, SAID THE NEWSPAPER, WHICH HELPFULLY GAVE DETAILED INSTRUCTIONS ON HOW TO GROW HYBRID CORN FOR POPPING . 
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FRANCE 6,000 MILES FROM HOME FORMER PREMIER MICHEL DEBRE IS SUCH A LISTLESS POLITICAL PERSONALITY THAT A CURRENT JOKE SAYS HE WAS ONCE SEEN RIDING IN AN EMPTY LIMOUSINE . HE HAS A FUSSY MANNER AND A FLAT- WHINING VOICE THAT SOMEHOW RUB POLITICIANS AND MANY OTHER FRENCHMEN THE WRONG WAY, OBSCURING HIS CONSIDERABLE ADMINISTRATIVE TALENTS . IN CHARLES DE GAULLE'S ELECTORAL LANDSLIDE LAST NOVEMBER, DEBRE THE DEDICATED GAULLIST, MAJOR ARCHITECT OF THE FIFTH REPUBLIC'S CONSTITUTION, AND THE MAN WHO SERVED A LONGER UNINTERRUPTED PERIOD AS PREMIER (1,193 DAYS) THAN ANY OTHER IN FRENCH PARLIAMENTARY HISTORY WAS IGNOMINIOUSLY DEFEATED IN HIS OWN CAREFULLY CULTIVATED RURAL CONSTITUENCY BY A LOCAL GARAGE OWNER . DE GAULLE, WHO HIMSELF HAD USED DEBRE AS WHIPPING BOY FOR MANY OF THE REGIME'S MISTAKES, SOON FOUND, HOWEVER, THAT HE SORELY MISSED DEBRE'S PARLIAMENTARY SKILL . GAULLIST AIDES BEGAN TO PONDER WAYS TO GET HIM BACK INTO THE LEGISLATURE, WHERE, IF ELECTED, HE WAS LIKELY TO BECOME MAJORITY LEADER . TROUBLE WAS, NO GAULLIST FACTION IN FRANCE ITSELF WANTED HIM . BUT AT LAST A CONSTITUENCY WAS FOUND WHERE DEBRE SEEMED UNLIKELY TO LOSE WEEK THE FORMER PREMIER GULPED HARD AND ACCEPTED A BID TO RUN FOR OFFICE ON REUNION ISLAND, A TINY FRENCH DOT IN THE INDIAN OCEAN NEARLY 6,000 MILES FROM PARIS . 
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SWEDEN CAUGHT IN A DROUGHT WHEN 40 YEARS OF LIQUOR RATIONING ENDED IN 1955, MOST SWEDES LAID IN AMPLE RESERVE STOCKS, VOWING NEVER TO BE CAUGHT SHORT AGAIN . BUT THERE THEY WERE, WITH CUPBOARDS BARE LAST WEEK, AMIDST THE DIREST SHORTAGE SINCE THE HEIGHT OF GOVERNMENT CONTROLS . TROUBLE FOR THE HARD-DRINKING SWEDES BEGAN WHEN FOREMEN OF THE STATE WINE AND LIQUOR MONOPOLY DISTILLERIES WENT OUT ON STRIKE FOUR WEEKS AGO . THE GOVERNMENT DECLINED THEIR DEMANDS FOR LONGER VACATIONS . AS A RESULT, THE DISTILLERIES CLOSED UP TIGHT, AND THE COUNTRY BEGAN TO DRY UP FAST . LAST WEEK WINES, WHISKIES AND LIQUEURS WERE ALL BUT GONE, AND, EVEN WORSE, THE SHOPS WERE RUNNING OUT OF AKVAVIT, SWEDEN'S FAVORITE DRINK . AS ALARMED SWEDES LINED UP AT STATERUN PACKAGE STORES TO BUY WHAT THEY COULD, THE GOVERNMENT RESTRICTED AKVAVIT SALES TO A BOTTLE PER CUSTOMER . AND WORD WENT OUT THAT UNLESS SOMETHING IS DONE THIS WEEK, FULLY A THIRD OF ALL SWEDEN'S LIQUOR STORES WILL BE OUT OF AKVAVIT ALTOGETHER . BOOTLEGGERS TURNED UP FURTIVELY WITH THE POPULAR BRANNVIN AKVAVIT, ASKING $20 FOR THE BOTTLE WHICH NORMALLY SELLS FOR $5 . " A DISASTER, " MUTTERED ONE SWEDE, WAITING HIS TURN IN A STOCKHOLM QUEUE . IN THE SOUTH, SOME DESPERATE SWEDES WERE EVEN HOPPING FERRIES ACROSS TO DENMARK TO SEEK RELIEF AT COPENHAGEN BARS . RESTRICTING MOST MEN TO THREE QUARTS PER MONTH, AUSTERE BY SWEDISH STANDARDS . 
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SIKKIM WHERE THERE'S HOPE GUESTS IN TOP HATS AND CUTAWAYS MINGLED WITH OTHERS IN FUR-FLAPPED CAPS AND KNEE-LENGTH YAKSKIN BOOTS LAST WEEK OUTSIDE THE TINY BUDDHIST CHAPEL IN SIKKIM'S DOLLHOUSE HIMALAYAN CAPITAL OF GANGTOK . WEDDING PARCELS FROM TIFFANY'S WERE PILED SIDE BY SIDE WITH BUNDLED GIFTS OF RANKSMELLING TIGER AND LEOPARD SKINS . OVER 28,146-FT . MOUNT KANCHENJUNGA, THE WORLD'S THIRD HIGHEST MOUNTAIN AND SIKKIM'S " PROTECTING DEITY, " HUNG A BLUE HAZE . IT WAS AN " AUSPICIOUS SIGN, " SAID GANGTOK ASTROLOGERS, FOR THE WEDDING OF A QUIET, BLUE-EYED NEW YORK GIRL, HOPE COOKE, 22, AND GYALSAY RIMPOCHE MAHARAJKUMAR PALDEN THONDUP NAMGYAL, 39, CROWN PRINCE OF THE INDIAN PROTECTORATE OF SIKKIM, A TINY TERRITORY THE SIZE OF DELAWARE, WHICH HAS 3,000 VARIETIES OF RHODODENDRONS, AND WHERE, ACCORDING TO LOCAL LEGEND, THE DEVILS ALWAYS TRAVEL UPHIL . THE AMERICAN TOUCH . THE WARD OF FORMER U.S . AMBASSADOR TO IRAN SELDEN CHAPIN AND A GRADUATE IN ORIENTAL STUDIES FROM SARAH LAWRENCE,* HOPE MET HER WIDOWED FUTURE HUSBAND FOUR YEARS AGO WHILE SHE WAS VACATIONING AT THE INDIAN RESORT OF DARJEELING . BUT WHEN THE COUPLE ANNOUNCED PLANS TO MARRY LAST YEAR, SIKKIMESE SOOTHSAYERS FORCED THE POSTPONEMENT OF THE WEDDING BECAUSE OF THEIR FORECAST THAT 1962 WAS " A BLACK YEAR " FOR THE MARRIAGE . THUS HOPE HAD TO WAIT UNTIL LAST WEEK TO BECOME THE FIRST AMERICAN GIRL TO WED ROYALTY SINCE THE DAUGHTER OF A FORMER PHILADELPHIA BRICKLAYER MARRIED MONACO'S PRINCE RAINIER IN 1956 . HOPE'S WEDDING DRESS WAS A WRAPAROUND, FROST-WHITE BROCADE SILK MOKEY, HELD IN AT THE WAIST BY A GOLD BELT, FROM WHICH HUNG A SMALL DAGGER . TO WARD OFF EVIL SPIRITS, HOPE PRESSED HER HAND INTO A PIECE OF DOUGH . A PAIR OF HOLY MEN CONDUCTED HER TO THE CHAPEL, WHERE SHE WAS GREETED BY A FANFARE OF TRUMPETING, 10FT.-LONG HIMALAYAN HORNS, BRAYING CONCH SHELLS, AND BOOMING BASS DRUMS . OUTSIDE THE CHAPEL DOOR WAS THE ONLY DISTINCTIVELY AMERICAN TOUCH IN THE $60,000 BUDDHIST RITE A MAT ON WHICH WAS WRITTEN IN ENGLISH, " GOOD LUCK . " BILLIONS OF DEITIES . DURING THE 50MINUTE BUDDHIST CEREMONY, HOPE SAT ON A THRONE SLIGHTLY LOWER THAN THAT OF THE CROWN PRINCE, WHO IN TURN WAS SEATED LOWER THAN HIS FATHER, THE 69-YEAR-OLD MAHARAJAH OF SIKKIM . AFTER DRINKING TEA LACED WITH YAK BUTTER, A RED-ROBED BUDDHIST LAMA IN A FLAME-SHAPED HAT INVOKED THE BLESSINGS OF THE SNOW LIONS AND BILLIONS OF OTHER SIKKIMESE DEITIES . NO WEDDING VOWS WERE SPOKEN ; THE COUPLE MERELY EXCHANGED 12-FT.-LONG WHITE SILK SCARVES, WHICH WERE HUNG AROUND EACH OTHER'S NECK TO SEAL THEIR MARRIAGE CONTRACT . THE END OF THE CEREMONY SET OFF A FOURDAY CELEBRATION IN GANGTOK, WHOSE NORMAL POPULATION OF 12,000 SWELLED TO 15,000 FOR THE EVENT . MOUNTAIN TRIBESMEN IN BLUE PAJAMALIKE CLOTHES DANCED IN THE STREETS . MIXING HAPPILY WITH THE CELEBRATORS, HOPE SETTLED INTO HER NEW ROLE WITH APLOMB . WHEN A PIGTAILED SIKKIMESE GIRL ASKED FOR HER AUTOGRAPH, THE NEW CROWN PRINCESS SIGNED WITHOUT A MOMENT'S HESITATION : " HOPE NAMGYAL . HOPE IS THE DAUGHTER OF MR . AND MRS . JOHN J . COOKE . WHEN HER PARENTS WERE DIVORCED, CUSTODY OF HOPE WAS GIVEN TO HER MOTHER . WHEN HER MOTHER DIED, SHE BECAME THE WARD OF HER MATERNAL GRANDPARENTS, MR . AND MRS . WINCHESTER NOYES . WHEN THEY DIED, SHE BECAME THE WARD OF HER UNCLE, AMBASSADOR CHAPIN . 
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BALI THE GODS SPEAK WHEN JAVA WAS LOST TO THE MOHAMMEDANS 485 YEARS AGO, SO THE LEGEND GOES, THE DISGUSTED HINDU GODS HUNTED AROUND FOR A NEW HOME . THEY CHOSE THE ISLAND OF BALI, AND SINCE THEIR EXALTED RANK DEMANDED A HIGH DWELLING PLACE, THEY CREATED A CHIN OF MOUNTAINSE MOST SACRED EASTERN END OF THE ISLAND, THE GODS ERECTED THE HIGHEST OF BALI'S MOUNTAINS, THE 10,308FOOT VOLCANO OF GUNUNG AGUNG, REGARDED BY THE BALINESE AS " THE NAVEL OF THE WORLD . " HALFWAY UP THE SLOPE OF AGUNG, THE PIOUS BALINESE BUILT THE HUGE MOTHER TEMPLE OF BESAKIH, AND EVERY HUNDRED YEARS THEY HAVE HELD A SOLEMN RITE THERE TO RID THE ISLAND OF GHOSTS . LAST WEEK, IN THE MIDST OF THE ONCE-A-CENTURY FESTIVAL, AGUNG ERUPTED WITH CATASTROPHIC FURY . AGUNG GAVE FAIR WARNING . ONLY LAST MONTH, AFTER MORE THAN 100 YEARS OF INACTIVITY, IT BURST FORTH WITH A SHOWER OF SMOKE AND BRIMSTONE THAT KILLED 17 PERSONS . THERE WAS WORRIED TALK ON BALI THAT THE GODS WERE ANGRY BECAUSE THE PEOPLE HAD NOT ASKED PERMISSION TO HOLD THEIR FESTIVAL . BUT THE PRIESTS AND THEIR DISCIPLES STAYED ON TO PRAY . AT 7 O'CLOCK ONE MORNING, AGUNG ERUPTED AGAIN . THE VILLAGES OF SEBUDI, SORGAH, AND SEBIH WERE ENGULFED BY A LETHAL BLACK CLOUD OF SEARING, 230O ASH THAT ROASTED HUNDREDS WHERE THEY KNELT . RIVERS OF GREY-BLACK LAVA BOILED OVER AGUN'S SOUTHERN LIP AND FLOWED IN FIERY RIVULETS DOWN STREAM BEDS, RAISING CLOUDS OF STEAM ; HEAVY RAINS, POSSIBLY CAUSED BY THE HEAT OF THE VOLCANO, MIXED WITH THE SULPHUROUS ASH TO FORM AN ACID THAT KILLED PLANT LIFE FOR FIVE MILES AROUND . FOR FIVE DAYS AGUNG BELCHED DEATH . AT WEEK'S END HHE DEATH TOLL STOOD AT CLOSE TO 1,200, AND ANOTHER 200,000 WERE LEFT HOMELESS . AS SURVIVORS STREAMED INTO TOWNS AT THE BASE OF THE MOUNTAIN, MANY SUFFERING THIRD-DEGREE BURNS FROM A TREK OVER BEDS OF SMOLDERING ASHES, INDONESIA'S PRESIDENT SUKARNO DECLARED ALL BALI A DISASTER AREA . THERE WAS LITTLE HOPE THAT AGUNG'S FURY WAS OVER . EXPERTS IN DJAKARTA PREDICTED EVEN MORE VIOLENT ERUPTIONS TO COME AND ORDERED ALL RESIDENTS TO LEAVE THE AREA FOR AT LEAST TWO MONTHS . 
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SOUTH KOREA SQUEEZE IN SEOUL IN SOUTH KOREA LAST WEEK, A FARMER NAMED SONG KYU IL TRAVELED ALL THE WAY FROM THE SOUTHERN PROVINCES TO PARADE BEFORE SEOUL'S DUK SOO PALACE WITH A PLACARD SCRAWLED IN HIS OWN BLOOD : GENERAL PARK, PLEASE DO SOMETHING TO SETTLE THE CRISIS . FARMER SONG WAS THROWN IN JAIL, ALONG WITH SOME 200 OTHER DEMONSTRATORS WHO OPENLY PROTESTED SOUTH KOREAN STRONGMAN GENERAL PARK CHUNG HEE'S BROKEN PROMISE TO CALL GENERAL ELECTIONS IN MAY AND HAND OVER POWER TO THE CIVILIANS . THE WHOLESALE ARRESTS ONLY SERVED TO ATTRACT MORE ATTENTION TO THE NOISY CAMPAIGN OF FORMER PRESIDENT YUN PO SUN, 65, AND NEW RULE PARTY LEADER HUH CHUNG, 67, WHO TOUCHED OFF THE UPROAR WITH A SERIES OF ANTIGOVERNMENT MEETINGS . JUNTA LEADERS WERE RELUCTANT TO ARREST YUN AND HUH FOR FEAR THEY WOULD BECOME POLITICAL MARTYRS . BUT THE MEN AROUND PARK DID NOT HESITATE TO REJECT THE OPPOSITION DEMANDS . DEFENSE MINISTER KIM SUNG UN SUMMONED 160 TOP MILITARY MEN TO SEOUL FOR A STRATEGY MEETING, LATER TOOK TO A NATIONWIDE RADIO HOOKUP TO SPEAK FOR THEM : " WE STRONGLY SUPPORT THE PRESENT GOVERNMENT . THERE ARE SEEDS OF UNEASINESS IN THE COUNTRY, AND THIS IS NOT THE TIME TO TRANSFER THE GOVERNMENT TO CIVILIANS . " THEN, TO MAKE THE POINT MORE EMPHATICALLY, ALL 160 OFFICERS RODE GRANDLY THROUGH THE STREETS OF SEOUL IN A CONVOY OF MILITARY JEEPS . IT WAS GENERAL PARK HIMSELF WHO FELT THE SQUEEZE, FOR HE WAS LESS INTERESTED THAN THE REST OF HIS JUNTA IN RETAINING POWER IN THE HANDS OF THE ARMY . BUT HE COULD NOT BOW TO THE CLAMORING CIVILIANS, OR EVEN TO THE PRESSURE APPLIED FROM WASHINGTON BY U.S . AMBASSADOR SAMUEL BERGER LAST WEEK . FOR IF HE REVERSED HIMSELF YET ANOTHER TIME TO SUPPORT THE CIVILIANS, A MILITARY COUP MIGHT WELL TOPPLE HIM OVERNIGHT . 
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RUSSIA THE REASONS WHY ISMAIL Y. YUSUPOV, 48, KNEW THAT HE HAD A TOUGH ROW TO HOE WHEN HE WAS NAMED COMMUNIST PARTY BOSS IN THE PROBLEM-PLAGUED VIRGIN LANDS OF KAZAHKSTAN (TIME, JAN . 4) . BUT HE COULD HARDLY HAVE GUESSED THE EXTENT OF THE MESS HE WOULD INHERIT FROM HIS PURGED PREDECESSOR . LAST WEEK YUSUPOV PUBLISHED A REPORT CHARGING THAT MORE THAN $600 MILLION HAD BEEN WASTED DURING THE LAST THREE YEARS ON ILLCONCEIVED PROJECTS ; NO FEWER THAN 16,139 REGIONAL OFFICIALS WERE FIRED LAST YEAR ALONE, 2,340 OF THEM FOR STEALING AND EMBEZZLING $1,270,000 . A GANG OF CROOKS LED BY THE CHIEF OF THE TSELINOGRAD TRADE BOARD FAKED REPORTS, RIGGED PHONY PRICES, AND SOLD MEAT, BUTTER AND AUTOMOBILES ON THE BLACK MARKET ; IN PAVLODAR, THREE MEN MANAGED TO MAKE OFF WITH NO FEWER THAN 300,000 BOTTLES OF WINE AND VODKA . THE ENTIRE PARTY AND GOVERNMENT LEADERSHIP OF THE KZYL ORDA REGION MASTERMINDED A RING OF CATTLE RUSTLERS ; THE LOCAL COMMUNIST CHIEF ORGANIZED BLACKJACK GAMES AND SET OFF AN " EPIDEMIC OF GAMBLING . " SINCE YUSUPOV'S OWN HEAD WAS NOW ON THE BLOCK, THERE WAS ALMOST A PLAINTIVE NOTE IN HIS CONCLUDING QUESTION : " CAN ONE BE EXPECTED TO ACHIEVE GOOD FARMING RESULTS UNDER SUCH CONDITIONS ? " HE HAD A READY ANSWER : " OF COURSE NOT, " FOR THIS KIND OF THING EXPLAINED WHY KAZAHKSTAN LAST YEAR DELIVERED 8.2 MILLION TONS OF GRAIN TO THE STATE INSTEAD OF THE PLANNED 14.1 MILLION TONS . 
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FROM THE SECOND CITY MOST RUSSIAN INTELLECTUALS LISTENED IN TIGHT-LIPPED SILENCE AS WORD OF NIKITA KHRUSHCHEV'S LATEST CULTURAL CRACKDOWN (TIME, MARCH 22) FILTERED OUT TO THE PROVINCES . NOT SO THE WRITERS AND ARTISTS OF LENINGRAD, RUSSIA'S SECOND CITY . WHEN THE LOCAL COMMISSARS MET TO GIVE THEM THE WORD, THE INTELLECTUALS TALKED RIGHT BACK . THE LENINGRAD EDITION OF PRAVDA REPORTED ACIDLY LAST WEEK THAT THE CURATOR OF THE WEST EUROPEAN ART HISTORY SECTION OF LENINGRAD'S FAMED HERMITAGE MUSEUM ROSE TO DEFEND " FORMALISTIC DISTORTIONS AND ASSERTED THAT " THIS IS BUOYANT, CREATIVE ART . " ' WHAT'S MORE, THE PROMINENT DIRECTOR OF THE COMEDY THEATER, NIKOLAI P . AKIMOV, " FURIOUSLY DEFENDED THE RIGHT TO UNLIMITED EXPERIMENTATION WITH FORM . " PAINTER LEONID A . TKACHENKO NOT ONLY BACKED UP COLLEAGUES WHO WERE UNDER ATTACK, BUT " DID NOT GIVE A CORRECT EVALUATION OF CRITICISM DIRECTED AT HIMSELF . " THAT WASN'T ALL . " THINGS EVEN CAME TO SUCH A PASS, " SAID THE NEWSPAPER, " THAT SOME BEGAN TO FEEL " SHY' ABOUT SPEAKING ON SOCIALIST REALISM . " SHYEST OF ALL INTELLECTUALS IN THE SOVIET UNION WAS POET EVGENY EVTUSHENKO, USUALLY THE MOST OUTSPOKEN OF THE LOT . EVTUSHENKO HAD BEEN SINGLED OUT* BY KHRUSHCHEV FOR A SCATHING ATTACK BECAUSE OF THE POET'S POPULARITY IN THE WEST . AFTER THE PREMIER'S BLAST, HE WENT INTO SECLUSION WITH HIS WIFE IN A DACHA SOUTH OF MOSCOW, AND LAST WEEK LET WORD CIRCULATE THAT HE HAD INDEFINITELY " POSTPONED " LONG SCHEDULED TRIPS TO ITALY AND THE U.S . ALONG WITH VETERAN NOVELIST-PROPAGANDIST EHRENBURG, WHOSE CONTROVERSIAL MEMOIRS WERE BEING SERIALIZED IN THE LITERARY JOURNAL NOVY MIR . LAST WEEK IT WAS REPORTED THAT THE NEXT ISSUE WOULD NOT CARRY THE USUAL INSTALLMENT AND THAT NOVY MIR EDITOR ALEKSANDR T . TVARDOVSKY HAD BEEN FIRED . 
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GREAT BRITAIN THE ANGRY ONES HEY NONNY NO ! TRILLED THE TORY DAILY MAIL ONE MORNING LAST WEEK . AFTER THE BITTEREST WINTER IN 50 YEARS, DAFFODILS WERE BLOOMING IN LONDON'S PARKS, AND GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS REPORTED WITH RELIEF THAT THE UNEMPLOYMENT RATE HAD DROPPED, FROM 3.9 PER CENT TO 3.1 PER CENT , FOR THE FIRST TIME IN MORE THAN SIX MONTHS . THEIR JUBILATION WAS SHORT-LIVED . IN A RITE OF SPRING SUCH AS BRITAIN HAS NOT WITNESSED SINCE THE DEPRESSION, MORE THAN 5,000 JOBLESS WORKERS CONVERGED ON LONDON TO PROTEST THEIR PLIGHT, TOUCHING OFF AN UGLY, ROCK-THROWING BATTLE AT THE VERY DOOR OF PARLIAMENT . RAISING THE FLAG . IT ALL BEGAN PEACEFULLY ENOUGH WITH A BANNER-WAVING PARADE TOWARD WESTMINSTER, WHERE WORKERS' LEADERS WERE DETERMINED TO CARRY PERSONAL PROTESTS TO THEIR M.P.S . AWKWARDLY AT FIRST, MANY FINGERING THE CLOTH CAPS THAT ARE THE TRADITIONAL BADGE OF THE BRITISH WORKINGMAN, THEY STOOD TALKING UNTIL THE HOUSE OF COMMONS' BIG CENTRAL LOBBY WAS JAMMED, WHILE A SURGING MOB OF WORKERS STILL OUTSIDE JOSTLED IMPATIENTLY TO GET THROUGH ST . STEPHEN'S DOORWAY . WHEN 500 HASTILY SUMMONED FOOT AND MOUNTED POLICE TRIED TO FORCE THEM BACK, THE PROTEST DEMONSTRATION EXPLODED INTO A SAVAGE, THREE-HOUR MELEE PROVOKED PARTLY BY COMMUNISTS IN THE CROWD . CRYING " FASCISTS " AND " GESTAPO, " THE WORKERS DROPPED LIGHTED CIGARETTES INTO POLICE HORSES' MOUTHS, TRIED TO DRAG THE COPS FROM THEIR MOUNTS, HURLED HORSE MANURE AT THEM . SOME YOUNG WORKERS CLIMBED ONTO THE STONE FIGURES AROUND THE ENTRANCE, AND ONE COMMUNIST AGITATOR EVEN HAULED UP A RED FLAG . WHEN A POLICE CORDON FORCED THEM AWAY FROM THE BUILDINGS AFTER SIX CHARGES, HUNDREDS OF DEMONSTRATORS STAGED A SITDOWN STRIKE IN THE ROAD . THE CROWD INCLUDED KILTED SCOTSMEN AND OLD-AGE PENSIONERS, APPRENTICES, MILL GIRLS AND GRIZZLED STEELWORKERS . MOST CAME FROM THE NORTHERN SHIPBUILDING AND STEELMAKING CITIES OF ENGLAND, SCOTLAND AND NORTHERN IRELAND, WHERE THE MISERY OF THE 1930S IS NOT FORGOTTEN . LAST WEEK, BY CONTRAST WITH THE HUNGER MARCHES OF THAT ERA, MOST ARRIVED BY TRAIN OR BUS ; SOME EVEN CAME BY PLANE . SAID A SCOTTISH MINER : " WE ARE NOT HUNGRY MEN ASKING FOR FOOD . WE ARE ANGRY MEN ASKING FOR SELF-RESPECT . " GETTING INTO POLITICS . THEY POINTED OUT THAT THOUGH WARM WEATHER HAS BOOSTED EMPLOYMENT IN HOMEBUILDING AND HEAVY CONSTRUCTION, THE ACTUAL TOTAL OF UNEMPLOYED (702,000) IN BRITAIN WAS STILL 250,000 HIGHER THAN IN THE PREVIOUS MARCH, AND WAS ACTUALLY RISING IN THE WORST-HIT NORTHERN AREAS . ANOTHER RALLY NEXT DAY BY SOME 5,000 TEACHERS DEMANDING A WAGE RAISE SHOWED THAT DISENCHANTMENT WITH HAROLD MACMILLAN'S CONSERVATIVE GOVERNMENT IS EVEN MORE WIDESPREAD . IT WAS FAR TOO EARLY TO PREDICT THE IMPACT OF ALL THIS ON THE COMING ELECTIONS, WHICH WILL PROBABLY TAKE PLACE NEXT YEAR . BUT MACMILLAN HARDLY WELCOMED THE DEMONSTRATIONS ON TOP OF ALL THE OTHER RECENT BAD NEWS : THREE BY-ELECTION REVERSES IN A FORTNIGHT, AND A NEW GALLUP POLL REPORT ON VOTER PREFERENCE SHOWING THAT THE LABOR PARTY HOLDS A RECORD 16.5 PER CENT LEAD OVER THE TORIES . 
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FRANCE FINIS FOR S.A.O . ? AS SWISSAIR FLIGHT 227 TO ZURICH TAXIED ONTO THE RUNWAY AT MUNICH LAST WEEK, IT WAS FOLLOWED CLOSELY BY A BLACK POLICE LIMOUSINE . NOT UNTIL THE RED-AND-SILVER CONVAIR DISAPPEARED INTO THE NIGHT DID THE PLAINCLOTHESMAN INSIDE THE CAR RETURN TO HEADQUARTERS TO REPORT THAT GEORGES BIDAULT, 63, FORMER PREMIER OF FRANCE AND NOW SELF-STYLED OPERATIONAL CHIEF OF THE TERRORIST SECRET ARMY ORGANIZATION, HAD LEFT WEST GERMANY . FOR THE FIRST TIME SINCE BIDAULT WAS TRACED TO HIS HIDEAWAY IN A RURAL VILLA LAST MONTH, BAVARIA'S MINISTER OF INTERIOR HEINRICH JUNKER BREATHED EASILY . SIGHED HE : " A HEAVY CROSS IS OFF MY BACK . " BIDAULT DID NOT LEAVE MUNICH WITHOUT A VOW TO " CONTINUE MY FIGHT AGAINST DE GAULLE UNTIL FREEDOM HAS BEEN RESTORED IN MY COUNTRY . " LANDING IN PORTUGAL UNDER AN ASSUMED NAME, HE WAS GIVEN EVEN LESS CHANCE TO PLOT AGAINST DE GAULLE'S LIFE THAN HE ENJOYED IN EASYGOING BAVARIA ; ALMOST AS SOON AS HE TURNED UP AT A LISBON ROOMING HOUSE, SECURITY COPS HAULED HIM OFF TO A SUBURBAN LISBON VILLA . HE WAS EXPECTED TO SEEK REFUGE IN SOUTH AMERICA . DRIFTING AIMLESSLY LIKE A MAN WITHOUT A COUNTRY, BIDAULT TODAY IS A PATHETIC FUGITIVE WHO DRINKS TOO MUCH AND TALKS TOO MUCH TO BE AN EFFECTIVE OPPONENT OF THE REGIME . AND FRENCH OFFICIALS INSIST THAT THE S.A.O . MOVEMENT, WHOSE MURDEROUS FOLLOWERS ONCE STRUCK TERROR INTO THE HEARTS OF FRENCHMEN, HAS FALLEN APART SINCE FRANCE'S TRUCE WITH ALGERIA IN MARCH 1962 . PLAGUED BY APATHY AND HOUNDED BY THE 61,000-MAN POLICE FORCE OF INTERIOR MINISTER ROGER FREY, THE S.A.O . IS NO LONGER ABLE TO MAINTAIN COMMANDO UNITS IN EACH OF FRANCE'S NINE MILITARY DISTRICTS, AS IT ONCE DID . TODAY, TOP OFFICIALS CLAIM, THERE ARE PROBABLY NO MORE THAN 30 HARDCORE ACTIVISTS LEFT IN THE COUNTRY . WHILE HUNDREDS OF FANATIC ANTI-GAULLISTS HAVE FOUND REFUGE IN NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES (500 IN SPAIN ALONE), THEY TOO ARE NOW ALMOST ALL UNDER CLOSE POLICE SURVEILLANCE . 
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THE ALLIES TEMPTATION OF TRADE PIPE THE BIG KIND THAT RUSSIA DESPERATELY NEEDS TO COMPLETE ITS VAST GAS AND OIL NETWORK STRETCHING FROM THE PACIFIC TO THE ELBE WAS THE SECOND BIGGEST TOPIC IN EUROPEAN CAPITALS LAST WEEK . FOR MONTHS, NATO HAS BEEN URGING A TOTAL EMBARGO ON LARGE-DIAMETER PIPE . SPUTTERED A NATO OFFICIAL IN PARIS : " SELL THEM RIFLES . EVEN SELL THEM ATOMIC BOMBS . BUT DON'T SELL THEM PIPE . / PROVOKING THE OUTCRY WAS A RUMBLE THAT STARTED IN BONN FORTNIGHT AGO WHEN REBELLIOUS MEMBERS OF THE BUNDESTAG ROUNDED UP ENOUGH VOTES TO REVERSE THE GOVERNMEN'T CANCELLATION OF A JUICY $20 MILLION SOVIET PIPE ORDER . CHANCELLOR KONRAD ADENAUER RUSHED BACK HOME FROM A LAKE COMO VACATION ON THE EVE OF THE BALLOTING, MANAGED TO AVOID HUMILIATING DEFEAT ONLY BY ORDERING HIS CHRISTIAN DEMOCRATS TO STAY OFF THE FLOOR, THUS CAUSING THE LACK OF A QUORUM . DER ALTE'S LAST-DITCH MANEUVER PROVED HIS SOLID SUPPORT OF THE U.S., WHICH, UNLIKE MOST OF ITS ALLIES, ATTACHES GREAT STRATEGIC SIGNIFICANCE TO MOSCOW'S PIPELINE NETWORK . BUT IT GOT ADENAUER INTO TROUBLE AT HOME . THE PRO-NATO SOCIALISTS CALLED THE BUNDESTAG BOYCOTT DIRTY POOL ; THE INDUSTRIALISTS COMPLAINED MORE BITTERLY THAN EVER . THERE THE ISSUE COULD HAVE SIMMERED INDEFINITELY ; BUT LAST WEEK THE BRITISH CALMLY ANNOUNCED THAT, SINCE THEY HAD NEVER SUPPORTED NATO'S PIPE EMBARGO IN THE FIRST PLACE, THE GOVERNMENT HAD NO OBJECTION IF A BRITISH FIRM ACCEPTED A SOVIET DEAL FOR PIPE THAT BONN HAD JUST CANCELED . THAT ONLY ONE BRITISH COMPANY WAS TECHNICALLY EQUIPPED TO TURN OUT SMALL AMOUNTS OF LARGE-DIAMETER PIPE AND HAD NOT EVEN RECEIVED A BID FROM MOSCOW WAS OF SMALL COMFORT TO U.S . AND WEST GERMAN OFFICIALS . NOR WERE THEY REASSURED BY THE FACT THAT ITALY, A MAJOR SUPPLIER OF SOVIET PIPE BEFORE THE NATO BAN, DID NOT IMMEDIATELY GRAB OFF PART OF THE LUCRATIVE TRADE ; ITALIAN MANUFACTURERS SIMPLY WERE BACKED UP AT THE MOMENT WITH THEIR OWN DOMESTIC ORDERS . WHAT REALLY HAD WASHINGTON AND BONN CONCERNED WAS LONDON'S NEXT MOVE . BRITAIN, EXCLUDED FOR NOW FROM THE COMMON MARKET AND PLAGUED BY SERIOUS UNEMPLOYMENT, WAS EAGER FOR EXPORT MARKETS ANYWHERE ; IF ONE INCH OF LARGE-DIAMETER OIL PIPE WAS DELIVERED TO RUSSIA, THE NATO BOYCOTT WOULD BE BROKEN . WEST GERMANY AND ITALY COULD NO LONGER BE RESTRAINED . NEITHER COULD FRANCE, WHICH HAS A MASSIVE (500,000 TONS), AND MOSTLY UNUSED, ANNUAL CAPACITY FOR PIPE PRODUCTION, BUT WHICH SUPPORTS THE U.S . COMPLETELY ON THE ALLIES' DEBATE OVER THE STRATEGIC VALUE OF MOSCOW'S BIG INCH . 
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AUSTRIA TWO ON THE SEESAW EVER SINCE WORLD WAR II EVEN THROUGH TEN YEARS OF SOVIET OCCUPATION THE AUSTRIAN GOVERNMENT HAS BEEN RUN JOINTLY BY THE CONSERVATIVE PEOPLE'S PARTY AND THE SOCIALIST PARTY, LIKE TWO POLITE, EQUALLY WEIGHTED COUSINS ON AN INERT SEESAW . SO SCRUPULOUSLY BALANCED IS THE COALITION AND THE PROPORZ SYSTEM OF DIVIDING UP THE JOBS THAT, ACCORDING TO VIENNESE TABLE TALK, IF THERE IS ONE PEOPLE'S PARTY PUTZFRAU (CHARWOMAN) IN A GOVERNMENT BUILDING, THERE MUST BE A SOCIALIST PUTZFRAU TOO . AFTER LAST NOVEMBER'S ELECTIONS, BALANCE BECAME STALEMATE ; THE TWO BIG PARTIES HAVE BEEN HAGGLING OVER A CABINET EVER SINCE . A GROUP OF VOCIFEROUS PEOPLE'S PARTY REFORMERS ARGUED FOR LESS OF THE TRADITIONAL COOPERATION WITH THE SOCIALISTS, BUT THE MEAGER VICTORY OF THE PEOPLE'S PARTY 81 SEATS TO 76 FOR THE SOCIALISTS WAS HARDLY A MANDATE FOR SWEEPING CHANGE . STILL, CONSERVATIVE CHANCELLOR ALFONS GORBACH SHARED THE REFORMERS' FEELING THAT THE EXTRA STRENGTH ENTITLED HIS PARTY TO AT LEAST ONE MORE MINISTRY . THE ONE IN MIND : THE FOREIGN MINISTRY, WHERE SOCIALIST BRUNO KREISKY WAS THE PRIME TARGET OF THE PEOPLE'S PARTY REFORMERS . THE CONSERVATIVES ARGUED THAT A SOCIALIST COULD NOT POSSIBLY PUT HIS HEART INTO THE VITAL NEGOTIATIONS FOR AUSTRIAN ASSOCIATE MEMBERSHIP IN THE COMMON MARKET, WHICH, AFTER ALL, WAS A TRIUMPH OF CAPITALISM . FOR MORE THAN FOUR MONTHS, THE SOCIALISTS AND PEOPLE'S PARTY NEGOTIATORS MET ALMOST DAILY IN THE ORNATE BALLHAUS PALACE TO ARGUE ABOUT THE CABINET, AND ALL THE WHILE AUSTRIA HUMMED ALONG HAPPILY UNDER A PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT THAT WAS PRECISELY IN THE MIDDLE OF THE ROAD . LAST WEEK THE BICKERING ENDED AT LAST WITH THE PEOPLE'S PARTY ON THE SHORT END . THE ABLE, PERSONABLE KREISKY STAYED ON AS FOREIGN MINISTER, AND THIS VICTORY FOR THE SOCIALISTS WAS COUNTERED ONLY BY THE ADDITION OF A FEW PEOPLE'S PARTY STATE SECRETARIES TO THE TRADE AND JUSTICE MINISTRIES . ANOTHER SOCIALIST, FORMER TRADE UNION BOSS FRANZ OLAH, TOOK OVER THE INTERIOR MINISTRY, WHERE HE IS IN CONTROL OF THE COUNTRY'S POLICE POWER . OLAH IS AN ABLE MAN, BUT FOR MANY AUSTRIANS HIS APPOINTMENT MEANS TROUBLE . ON HIS SECOND DAY IN OFFICE, HE TOLD A PRESS CONFERENCE THAT HE FELT IT PERFECTLY PROPER FOR HIS COPS TO STRIKE IF THEY WANTED TO . 
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MULTI-BAFFLEMENT THE U.S . TODAY IS ENGAGED IN NOT ONE, BUT TWO NUCLEAR ARMS RACES . ITS FIRST AND OVERRIDING CONCERN, OF COURSE, IS TO DETER SOVIET AGGRESSION AND TO BE CAPABLE OF MASSIVE RETALIATION IF THE RUSSIANS SHOULD ATTACK THE WEST . WASHINGTON'S SECOND AIM, HOWEVER, IS LESS STRATEGIC THAN POLITICAL ; IT COULD BE CALLED THE THEORY OF THE MASSIVE PLACEBO, SINCE ITS PRIMARY PURPOSE IS NOT TO DETER THE FOES OF THE U.S . BUT TO MOLLIFY ITS FRIENDS AND DISCOURAGE THE PROLIFERATION OF NUCLEAR ARMS . BY LAST WEEK, U.S . PLACEBO PLANNERS HAD SUCCEEDED ONLY IN FRUSTRATING AND PERPLEXING THE VERY ALLIES THEY HOPED TO PLEASE . UNEASILY AWARE THAT THE INCREASINGLY PROSPEROUS AND POWERFUL NATIONS OF WESTERN EUROPE WOULD NOT FOREVER ACCEPT TOTAL U.S . CONTROL OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS, THE U.S . OFFERED MORE THAN TWO YEARS AGO TO GIVE THEM A VOICE IN THEIR DISPOSITION AND USE BUT LEFT IT TO EUROPE TO DEVISE A FORMULA . IT WAS NOT UNTIL THE KENNEDY ADMINISTRATION CANCELED THE BUG-RIDDEN SKYBOLT MISSILE PROJECT LAST DECEMBER THAT THE U.S . WAS FORCED TO TAKE THE INITIATIVE . IN PLACE OF SKYBOLT, THE ADMINISTRATION RELUCTANTLY OFFERED AT NASSAU TO SUPPLY POLARIS MISSILES FOR AN INDEPENDENT BRITISH SUBMARINE FORCE . CHANGE OF MIND . AT THE SAME TIME, THE U.S . INSISTED THAT THE BRITISH SUBS MUST BE " MULTINATIONAL, " THAT IS, THEY WERE TO BE PART OF A NATO DETERRENT IN WHICH OTHER ALLIES MIGHT IN TIME POOL THEIR OWN STRIKE FORCES, IF AND WHEN THEY ACQUIRED NUCLEAR WEAPONS . TO PLACATE ITS OTHER EUROPEAN ALLIES, THE KENNEDY ADMINISTRATION ALSO PROPOSED A " MULTILATERAL " FORCE OF POLARIS SUBMARINES, WHICH WOULD BE MULTIMANNED AND MULTIFINANCED BY THE U.S . AND ITS PARTNERS, EACH OF WHOM WOULD HAVE A VETO OVER THE USE OF THE MISSILES . THEN, JUST AS THE EUROPEANS BEGAN TO GET INTERESTED IN THIS SCHEME, THE U.S . ABRUPTLY CHANGED ITS MIND AND ANNOUNCED THAT THE MULTILATERAL FORCE (MLF) SHOULD CONSIST OF POLARIS-ARMED SURFACE VESSELS INSTEAD THOUGH IT WOULD BE LITTLE STRATEGIC VALUE, A 25-SHIP SURFACE FORCE WOULD COST ONLY $500 MILLION YEARLY, FAR LESS THAN A SUBMARINE FLEET . TO MOST EUROPEANS, THE STRONGEST ARGUMENT FOR THE MLF WAS THAT IT WOULD GIVE WEST GERMANY A VOICE IN NUCLEAR STRATEGY AND POSSIBLY DISCOURAGE IT FROM DEVELOPING NUCLEAR WEAPONS OF ITS OWN, WITH OR WITHOUT HELP FROM FRANCE FRANKLY INTERESTED . TO PEDDLE THE PLACEBO, THE ADMINISTRATION PLUCKED OLD STATE DEPARTMENT HAND LIVINGSTON MERCHANT FROM RETIREMENT . TO HIS SURPRISE, MLF MET WITH A SURPRISINGLY WARM RECEPTION . THOUGH SOME ALLIED STATESMEN HEMMED THAT ITS COST WOULD PREVENT THEM FROM MEETING U.S . REQUESTS TO STRENGTHEN CONVENTIONAL FORCES, WEST GERMANY, ITALY AND BELGIUM WERE FRANKLY INTERESTED . LAST MONTH MERCHANT ACTUALLY SUCCEEDED IN EXTRACTING A COMMITMENT FROM WEST GERMANY TO PAY 40 PER CENT OF THE ENTIRE COST OF THE PROJECT . HOWEVER, LAST WEEK, WORD REACHED NATO HEADQUARTERS IN PARIS THAT WASHINGTON HAD SUDDENLY LOST ITS ENTHUSIASM FOR THE MULTILATERAL FORCE . ITS CHANGE OF MIND NOT ONLY LEFT UNSOLVED THE POLITICAL PROBLEMS THAT MLF WAS DEVISED TO SOLVE, BUT EVEN SEEMED LIKELY TO AGGRAVATE THEM, SINCE THE U.S . WAS NOW REPORTEDLY READY TO BACK THE IDEA OF INDEPENDENT MULTINATIONAL FORCES INSTEAD, THUS ENCOURAGING ITS ALLIES TO BUILD THEIR OWN BOMBS . EVEN IF EVERY NATO ALLY COULD AFFORD ITS OWN NUCLEAR FORCE AND A SCIENTIFIC BREAKTHROUGH MAY YET MAKE THAT FEASIBLE EUROPE WOULD HAVE ONLY A MINUTE PROPORTION OF THE TOTAL U.S . NUCLEAR ARMORY . BUT WHO CAN PREDICT HOW IT WILL TURN OUT ? IN THE BRAVE NEW WORLD OF BUILD-YOUR-OWN-BANG, IT COULD EVEN HAPPEN THAT EUROPEAN HYDROGEN BOMBS MIGHT NOT FALL ON THE SOVIET UNION AT ALL, BUT ON THE U.S . 
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SWITZERLAND SICKNESS ON THE SLOPES THE LITTLE ALPINE SKI RESORT OF ZERMATT RAKES IN A LUCRATIVE $10 MILLION FROM VISITORS EACH YEAR, BUT THE AUTHORITIES THERE KNOW THAT CUSTOMERS ARE NOTORIOUSLY FICKLE ,RNIGHT A TOUCH OF BAD WEATHER, BAD SERVICE IN THE HOTELS OR AN UGLY SCANDAL CAN SEND HUNDREDS OF TOURISTS OFF IN A HUFF TO ST . MORITZ OR DAVOS . HENCE THE RELUCTANCE OF ZERMATT'S TOWNSMEN TO TALK ABOUT THE CURIOUS WAVE OF ILLNESS THAT BEGAN POPPING UP THREE MONTHS AGO . THEY STOLIDLY IGNORED WORD FROM A ZURICH PHYSICIAN THAT A PATIENT JUST BACK FROM SKIING IN ZERMATT WAS DOWN WITH TYPHOID FEVER . THEY ALSO SHRUGGED OFF A REPORT THAT AN ITALIAN IMMIGRANT WORKING NEAR ZERMATT HAD FALLEN ILL WITH THE SAME DISEASE . EVEN THEN, ZERMATT OFFICIALS PUBLICLY POOH-POOHED RUMORS OF AN EPIDEMIC . THE ZERMATT TOURIST OFFICE PRONOUNCED ZERMATT'S WATER " 99.93 PER CENT PURE, " WHILE LOCAL CITIZENS DENOUNCED THE " FOREIGN SENSATIONALIST PRESS " FOR REPORTING THE GOSSIP . AS THOUSANDS MORE UNWARY TOURISTS POURED IN, PACKING ZERMATT'S 56 HOTELS TO THE RAFTERS, CASH REGISTERS JINGLED AND TYPHOID SPREAD UNCHECKED . LAST WEEK ZERMATT WAS REGRETTING ITS LAXITY . ALREADY DEAD WERE THREE ZERMATT CITIZENS AND A BRITISH TOURIST . AT LEAST 350 CONFIRMED OR SUSPECTED CASES OF TYPHOID HAD BEEN TRACED TO RECENT ZERMATT VISITORS IN SWITZERLAND AND EIGHT FOREIGN COUNTRIES . LITTLE ZERMATT WAS SUDDENLY IN THE HEADLINES ALL OVER THE WORLD . VIRTUALLY ALL THE 10,000 TOURISTS HAD STAGED A HURRIED EXODUS, LEAVING ZERMATT A GHOST TOWN OCCUPIED BY 120 GREEN-UNIFORMED SWISS ARMY MEDICAL CORPSMEN . BY SEALED TRAIN AND HELICOPTER, THE ARMY MEN EVACUATED LOCAL VICTIMS, AND HEALTH INSPECTORS POKING THROUGH ZERMATT'S WATER SYSTEM DISCOVERED THE PROBABLE CAUSE OF IT ALL A HOLE IN A WATER PIPE INTO WHICH SEWAGE WAS SEEPING . AT WEEK'S END, DENOUNCED AT HOME BY THE VALAIS MEDICAL ASSOCIATION FOR A CONSPIRACY OF SILENCE, AND DISGRACED ABROAD, THE ZERMATT AUTHORITIES AT LAST CLOSED DOWN ALL THE HOTELS AND RESTAURANTS . TO THE VILLAGERS LEFT STRANDED IN DISMAL UNEMPLOYMENT, IT SEEMED A PITY, FOR NEARLY A FOOT OF NEW POWDER SNOW FELL ON THE SLOPES THAT NIGHT . " ABSOLUTELY WONDERFUL SKIING CONDITIONS, " MOURNED GOTTLIEB PERREN, HEAD OF ZERMATT'S FAMED SKI SCHOOL . 
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SAUDI ARABIA LONG LINGER THE KING IN RIYADH, THE DESERT CAPITAL OF SAUDI ARABIA, NERVOUS COURTIERS HAVE BECOME ACCUSTOMED TO KEEPING ONE EYE OUT FOR SIGNS OF REVOLT INSPIRED BY EGYPT'S GAMAL ABDEL NASSER, AND ONE EYE ON THE LATEST DISPATCHES FROM THE FRENCH RIVIERA . THERE, AILING KING SAUD, 61, IS INSTALLED IN NICE'S GLEAMING HOTEL NEGRESCO IN 55 ROOMS ON THE FIFTH FLOOR WITH HIS VEILED WIVES, CONCUBINES, A PASSEL OF OFFSPRING, COURTIERS AND MAIDS . LAST WEEK THE RUMORS WERE FLYING ALONG THE COTE D'AZUR THAT THE DYSPEPTIC SAUD WAS SICK UNTO DEATH . THERE SEEMED GOOD REASON FOR CONCERN, FOR SAUD IS SUPPOSED TO BE SUFFERING FROM HYPERTENSION, A WEAK HEART, A POLYP IN HIS DIGESTIVE TRACT, ASTHMA, AND ALLAH KNOWS WHAT ELSE . WHEN ELEVEN DOCTORS CONVERGED AT HIS BEDSIDE, THINGS LOOKED FROM THE OUTSIDE AT LEAST, PRETTY GRIM . IT TURNED OUT THAT SAUD WAS COMPLAINING ABOUT HIS LIVER (HIS OWN REMEDY : BANANA PUREE IN CHANTILLY CREAM WITH FIVE SCOOPS OF ICE CREAM FOR BREAKFAST), AND HIS BLOOD, FOR WHICH HIS DOCTORS QUICKLY ORDERED BOTTLES OF PLASMA AS A PRECAUTION . SAUD'S SPOKESMAN REASSURINGLY SQUELCHED THE FLURRY OF WORRY . DOCTORS ARE THERE, " HE SAID . " NOT BECAUSE THE KING IS VERY, VERY SICK BUT BECAUSE OF THE IMPORTANCE AND THE POWER OF THEIR PATIENT . " OR, AS RADIO MECCA PUT IT TO SAUD'S SUBJECTS : " THE KING IS IN GOOD HEALTH . / 
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MIDDLE EAST TROUBLE FOR 333 OUTSIDE CAIRO SPRAWLS A RAMBLING COMPLEX OF BUILDINGS KNOWN AS MILITARY FACTORY 333 . THERE PRESIDENT GAMAL ABDEL NASSER IS TRYING TO DEVELOP THE POWERFUL WEAPONS SYSTEM HE NEEDS TO ENSURE MILITARY SUPREMACY IN THE MIDDLE EAST . FROM 333'S WORKROOMS LAST YEAR CAME THE FIRST BATCH OF MISSILES, A FEW 230-MILE EL-ZAFIR (VICTORY) TYPES, AND THE 370-MILE ELKAHIR (CONQUEROR) . ALTHOUGH THEIR RELIABILITY IS NONE TOO CERTAIN, THE MILITARY LEADERS OF NEARBY ISRAEL HAVE NERVOUSLY NOTED NASSER'S CLAIMS THAT EGYPT'S BIRDS WILL HAVE THE RANGE TO BLAST IMPORTANT TARGETS " JUST SOUTH OF BEIRUT " THAT IS, IN ISRAEL ITSELF . MYSTERIOUS MISFORTUNES . HENCE ISRAEL'S EXTRAORDINARY INTEREST IN THE KEY MEN WHO STAFF FACTORY 333 . THEY ARE NOT EGYPTIANS AT ALL, BUT AN ESTIMATED 200 GERMAN SCIENTISTS AND TECHNICIANS, MANY OF WHOM FIRST LEARNED THEIR SKILLS MAKING V-2S FOR ADOLF HITLER . EVER SINCE THE GERMANS HELPED NASSER TEST-FIRE HIS FIRST SUCCESSFUL ROCKETS LAST JULY, ISRAELI INTELLIGENCE CHIEFS HAVE BEEN CONDUCTING A DEADLY UNDERGROUND WAR TO FORCE OR FRIGHTEN THE GERMAN SCIENTISTS AWAY FROM THE PROJECT . LAST MONTH TWO ISRAELI AGENTS WERE ARRESTED IN SWITZERLAND AFTER THEY ALLEGEDLY PUT PRESSURE ON THE SON AND DAUGHTER OF DR . PAUL-JENS GOERCKE, A WEST GERMAN ELECTRONIC-GUIDANCE EXPERT EMPLOYED AT MILITARY FACTORY 333 . AS SWISS POLICE TOLD IT, THE AGENTS PERSUADED HEIDI GOERCKE, 25, AND HER BROTHER HANS, 21, TO CROSS THE FRONTIER FROM FREIBURG, GERMANY, AND WARNED THEM THAT THEY MUST TALK THEIR FATHER INTO COMING HOME FROM EGYPT OR ELSE HE WOULD FACE " SERIOUS " TROUBLE . EAVESDROPPING ON THE CONVERSATION, FOREWARNED SWISS DETECTIVES TOSSED THE ISRAELI OPERATIVES INTO JAIL, CHARGED THEM WITH COERCION AND OPERATING ILLEGALLY ON BEHALF OF A FOREIGN STATE . THE INCIDENT RECALLED A WHOLE CHAIN OF MYSTERIOUS MISFORTUNES THAT HAVE BEFALLEN GERMANS LINKED TO EGYPT . LAST SUMMER THE PRIVATE PLANE OF AN EGYPTIAN SUPPLYING ARMS AND TECHNICIANS BLEW UP OVER NORTHERN GERMANY, KILLING HIS WIFE ; IN NOVEMBER TWO AIRMAIL PARCELS ADDRESSED TO GERMAN ROCKET ENGINEER WOLFGANG PILZ BLEW UP WHEN OPENED IN HIS OFFICE IN EGYPT, KILLING FIVE EGYPTIANS AND DISFIGURING PILZ'S GERMAN SECRETARY . THEN, ON A ROAD NEAR THE WEST GERMAN TOWN OF LORRACH, A WOULD-BE ASSASSIN FIRED A PISTOL SHOT A A PROFESSOR ENGAGED IN ELECTRONICS RESEARCH FOR EGYPT ; THE BULLET MISSED AND THE WOULD-BE ASSASSIN ESCAPED IN A CAR . BIGGEST UNSOLVED RIDDLE IS THE WHEREABOUTS OF DR . HEINZ KRUG, 49, BOSS OF A MUNICH FIRM THAT DEALT IN MILITARY HARDWARE FOR EGYPT . LAST NOVEMBER, KRUG VANISHED FROM HIS OFFICE IN THE COMPANY OF A POLITE STRANGER AND HAS NOT BEEN SEEN SINCE . BACKTRACK IN BONN . TO CHARGES THAT ISRAEL IS BEHIND THE INCIDENTS, ISRAELI AUTHORITIES INSIST THAT THEIR AGENTS EMPLOY ONLY PEACEFUL PERSUASION . ISRAEL'S FOREIGN MINISTER GOLDA MEIR ROSE IN THE KNESSET (PARLIAMENT) FORTNIGHT AGO TO BRAND GERMANS IN EGYPT AN " EVIL CREW . " SHE DEMANDED THAT WEST GERMANY ORDER THEM TO HALT THEIR WORK . BONN RETORTED THAT THE GERMANS IN EGYPT WERE PRIVATE CITIZENS WITH NO OFFICIAL CONNECTIONS WHATSOEVER ; THE GOVERNMENT COULD HARDLY DICTATE THEIR PROFESSIONS . BUT ANXIOUS TO STAY ON GOOD TERMS WITH THE ISRAELIS, CHANCELLOR KONRAD ADENAUER LAST WEEK AGREED TO RECONSIDER THE MATTER, ORDERED FORMATION OF A COMMITTEE TO DECIDE WHETHER SOME KIND OF CONTROLS SUCH AS REMOVAL OF PASSPORTS SHOULD BE IMPOSED ON GERMAN CITIZENS WHOSE WORK ABROAD ENDANGERED THE NATION'S GOOD RELATIONS WITH ANOTHER COUNTRY . 
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ONTO THE BANDWAGON GAMAL ABDEL NASSER STILL HAD THE MOST POPULAR COMMODITY IN THE MIDDLE EAST THE LURE OF ARAB UNITY . A 14-MAN ALGERIAN DELEGATION, HEADED BY DEFENSE MINISTER HOUARI BOUMEDIENNE SHOWED UP IN CAIRO TO PAY ITS RESPECTS . " REGARDING ARAB UNITY, " SAID BOUMEDIENNE, / OUR OBJECTIVE SHOULD BE THE CREATION OF SOLID, STRONG AND HEALTHY BASES . THE ARAB PEOPLE ARE NOT READY TO ACCEPT ANOTHER SETBACK, ANOTHER LETDOWN . FOR THAT REASON, ALL STEPS TOWARD ARAB UNITY MUST BE ABSOLUTELY UNSHAKEABLE . " NASSER AGREED COMPLETELY . " WE REFUSE, IF ANYBODY ASKS US, " HE SAID, " TO FORM A NOMINAL UNION FOR OUTWARD APPEARANCES . " LATER, HE FERVENTLY TOLD A SYRIAN DELEGATION HEADED BY BAATH PARTY LEADERS MICHEL AFLAK AND SALAH EL-BITAR : " WE BELIEVE THE TIDE OF REVOLUTIONARY UNION IN THIS GENERATION IS A HISTORIC OPPORTUNITY WHICH WILL NOT REPEAT ITSELF . " HE ALSO SUGGESTED THAT THE BAATHISTS BROADEN THEIR NEW SYRIAN GOVERNMENT TO BRING IN POPULAR THAT IS, NASSERITE ELEMENTS . " MAN OF CRISES . " HE GOT FAST RESULTS . WITHIN THREE DAYS, PRO-NASSER LIEUT . GENERAL LOUAI ATTASSI WAS NAMED PRESIDENT OF THE SYRIAN COUNCIL OF THE REVOLUTIONARY COMMAND, AND THE COUNCIL ITSELF WAS ENLARGED TO ADMIT A NASSERITE MAJORITY . ATTASSI PREDICTED THAT UNION WITH EGYPT AND IRAQ WOULD BE ACHIEVED " SHORTLY, " CLAIMING, " THIS TRIPARTITE FEDERATION WILL SPREAD AND SPREAD UNTIL THE ENTIRE ARAB WORLD FROM THE ATLANTIC OCEAN TO THE PERSIAN GULF IS UNIFIED IN ONE POWERFUL STATE, WEIGHING HEAVILY IN THE BALANCE OF WORLD POWER . " EVEN ONE OF NASSER'S ENEMIES IN THE ARAB WORLD THE HASHEMITE KINGDOM OF JORDAN SHOWED SIGNS LAST WEEK OF BEING DISCREETLY AVAILABLE . IN HIS STONE BASMAN PALACE IN AMMAN, GUARDED BY CIRCASSIAN TROOPERS IN ASTRAKHAN HATS, JORDAN'S KING HUSSEIN DEFTLY SHIFTED PRIME MINISTERS . OUT WENT MUSCULAR WASFI TAL, 43, AN EFFICIENT BUT NASSER-HATING ADMINISTRATOR . IN CAME JORDAN'S " MAN OF CRISES, " FIVE-TIME PRIME MINISTER SAMIR RIFAI, 62, WHO HAS BEEN CAMPAIGNING IN RECENT MONTHS FOR MORE DEMOCRACY INSIDE JORDAN AND AN END TO ANTAGONISM AGAINST NASSER . WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE ? AFTER A LATE NIGHT TALK, KING HUSSEIN AND RIFAI AGREED ON A NEW GOVERNMENT, LOOKING TOWARD PARLIAMENTARY DEMOCRACY AND HUSSEIN'S EVENTUAL RETIREMENT TO THE FIGUREHEAD ROLE OF A CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCH . THEY EVEN GINGERLY ACCEPTED THE NASSER-BAATH SLOGAN OF " FREEDOM, UNITY, SOCIALISM, " WITH ONLY THE SLIGHT AMENDMENT OF THE FINAL WORD TO READ " A BETTER LIFE . " WHAT WAS STILL UNCERTAIN LAST WEEK WAS WHETHER NASSER IS PREPARED TO DROP OR MODIFY HIS PRESENT DETERMINATION TO UNITE ONLY WITH " LIBERATED " ARAB STATES AND TO SHUN MONARCHIES . SAID NEW JORDANIAN PRIME MINISTER RIFAI : " WE HAVE OUR PRIDE . WE ARE JUST AS HEALTHY AND STRONG AS ANY ARAB STATE . WE DON'T INTEND TO RUSH INTO ANYTHING, BUT WE DO INTEND TO PROCLAIM OUR GOOD WILL AND OUR ATTACHMENT TO ARAB UNITY . " THEN HE ADDED HOPEFULLY, " THERE'S EVERY REASON FOR THE NEW ARAB UNION TO WELCOME JORDAN AND NO REASON TO BAR A CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY . WE HAVE MORE FREEDOM THAN MANY REPUBLICS . WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE ANYWAY BETWEEN A CONSTITUTIONAL PRESIDENT AND A CONSTITUTIONAL KING ? / 
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MOROCCO A FRIEND IN WASHINGTON IN WASHINGTON'S UNION STATION LAST WEEK, THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD'S ANCIENT PRIVATE CAR NO . 1750 CAME TO A HESITANT STOP . CLEARLY UNCERTAIN OF THE ENGINEER'S INTENTIONS, KING HASSAN II OF MOROCCO DESCENDED CAUTIOUSLY TO THE PLATFORM, THEN DISPLAYED A BIG, ENGAGING SMILE AS HE SHOOK HANDS WITH PRESIDENT KENNEDY, AND TURNED WITH EVEN MORE WARMTH TO JACKIE KENNEDY, SMARTLY CLAD IN A SPRING DRESS AND COAT, AND DARK BLUE STRAW HAT . LOVELY RIVAL . KING HASSAN EVEN PRODUCED A RIVAL FOR JACKIE IN HIS LOVELY SISTER, PRINCESS LALLA NEZHA, 22, WHO WAS GREETED WITH A BOUQUET OF RED ROSES . ALL THE PROPER PROTOCOL WAS LAID ON, FROM A 50-YD . RED CARPET TO AN HONOR GUARD . " WE ARE PROUD TO WELCOME YOU, YOUR MAJESTY, " SAID THE PRESIDENT TO THE KING . " YOUR COUNTRY WAS THE FIRST TO RECOGNIZE THE U.S . IN THE MOST DIFFICULT DAYS OF OUR REVOLUTION . " * KING HASSAN RESPONDED BY SAYING THAT HE HAD COME TO THE U.S . " TO RENEW MY ACQUAINTANCE WITH YOUR PEOPLE, TO MEET YOU AND YOUR GOVERNMENT . " THIRTY-THREE-YEAR-OLD KING HASSAN ALSO BROUGHT WITH HIM CRATES OF GIFTS ; BUT LEFT BEHIND IN RABAT WAS A SMALL, SHINY GREY HORSE WITH THE MOROCCAN COLORS OF RED AND GREEN PLAITED IN ITS MANE, WHICH HAD BEEN INTENDED FOR CAROLINE . THE STATE DEPARTMENT WAS COURTEOUSLY ADAMANT : NO MORE HORSES FOR THE WHITE HOUSE . KING HASSAN CHOSE THE U.S . FOR HIS FIRST STATE VISIT OUTSIDE AFRICA TO DEMONSTRATE THAT MOROCCO, THOUGH OFFICIALLY UNALIGNED, KNOWS THAT ITS REAL INTEREST LIES WITH THE WEST . INDEED, IN THE TWO YEARS SINCE HIS FATHER DIED, HASSAN HAS PROVED TO BE A SENSIBLE LEADER OF MOROCCO'S 11.6 MILLION PEOPLE . THREE LOVELY DAYS . BETWEEN BANQUETS AND RECEPTIONS, THE KING AND THE PRESIDENT GOT TO KNOW AND LIKE EACH OTHER . HASSAN EVEN CANCELED A SCHEDULED VISIT TO THE NAVAL ACADEMY AT ANNAPOLIS IN ORDER TO HAVE ADDITIONAL TALKS WITH KENNEDY . THEIR CONVERSATION RANGED OVER MANY WORLD PROBLEMS, FROM MIDDLE EAST TENSIONS TO CUBA, TO NATO . THERE WAS ALSO QUIET AFFIRMATION OF DECISIONS ALREADY TAKEN, INCLUDING THE U.S . PLEDGE TO EVACUATE THREE BIG SAC AIRFIELDS AND A NAVAL BASE IN MOROCCO BY YEAR'S END, AND TO CONTINUE AN UNSPECIFIED AMOUNT OF FINANCIAL AID TO HASSAN'S KINGDOM (LAST YEAR'S TOTAL : $30 MILLION) . KING HASSAN WAS IMPRESSED BY HIS HOSPITABLE RECEPTION, WHICH INCLUDED SPECIAL ENTERTAINMENT AT THE WHITE HOUSE (SCENES FROM BRIGADOON), AN UNUSUAL WELCOME FROM 100,000 WASHINGTONIANS LINING THE STREETS, AND THREE OF THE LOVELIEST SPRING DAYS IN WASHINGTON MEMORY . THE STATE DEPARTMENT LIKED THE INGELLIGENCE AND COMPETENCE DISPLAYED BY KING HASSAN THROUGHOUT THE SESSIONS, HIS SERIOUS PREOCCUPATION WITH HIS OWN REGION OF NORTH AFRICA, HIS JUDICIOUS COMMENT THAT MOROCCO WOULD JOIN AN ARAB UNION HEADED BY EGYPT'S NASSER ONLY AFTER CAREFUL STUDY HAD SHOWN SUCH UNION TO BE " IN THE COMMON GOOD . " THE WASHINGTON CONSENSUS : KING HASSAN IS A " MODERN REFORMIST " IN THE TRADITION OF THE SHAH OF IRAN . AS EARLY AS SPRING 1776, FRANCE WAS SECRETLY AIDING THE INFANT U.S . AGAINST BRITAIN WITH MONEY AND MUNITIONS . EARLY IN 1778, THE SULTAN OF MOROCCO IMPETUOUSLY DECIDED TO RECOGNIZE THE U.S . GOVERNMENT AND, BECAUSE OF COMMUNICATIONS DIFFICULTY, TRIED TO DO SO THROUGH A FRENCH EMISSARY . FRANCE SLIPPED IN AHEAD, RECOGNIZING THE U.S . ON FEB . 6, 1778, V . FEB . 20 FOR MOROCCO, WHICH, BECAUSE OF PRIOR INTENT, STILL LIKES TO THINK IT HOLDS FIRST PLACE . 
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TURKEY HOW TO STAY IN TROUBLE WHEN TURKEY'S PREMIER ISMET INONU FINALLY LET HIS OLD ENEMY EX-PRESIDENT CELAL BAYAR OUT OF JAIL FOR MEDICAL TREATMENT FORTNIGHT AGO, HE FIGURED THE LEAST HE SHOULD GET WAS A LITTLE GRATITUDE FROM THE OPPOSITION JUSTICE PARTY . INSTEAD, BAYARY SUPPORTERS TURNED THE OCCASION INTO A WEEK-LONG POLITICAL DEMONSTRATION AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT . FIVE HUNDRED AUTOS FILLED WITH JUSTICE PARTY FOLLOWERS FORMED A TRAFFIC-SNARLING MOTORCADE TO ESCORT THE 79-YEAR-OLD BAYAR FROM PRISON TO HIS ANKARA HOME . NEXT DAY, HUGE CROWDS MILLED AROUND THE HOUSE, AND 10,000 SUPPORTERS MASSED NEAR PARLIAMENT TO SHOUT HIS SLOGANS . TWO SYMPATHETIC TURKISH AIR FORCE PILOTS HAPPILY BUZZED THE CITY IN THEIR JETS . GROWING ANGRY AND A BIT NERVOUS OVER THE POPULAR DEMONSTRATION, THE ARMY OFFICERS WHO RUN TURKEY FROM BEHIND THE SCENES LOCKED UP ONE BATCH OF EXULTANT BAYAR MEN WHO STOPPED THEIR BUS IN FRONT OF THE MINISTRY OF DEFENSE AND " MADE SIGNS AGAINST THE ARMY, " THEN ISSUED AN ANNOUNCEMENT WARNING THAT THE / EVENTS THREATEN NATIONAL UNITY . " AT THIS SIGNAL, PRO-GOVERNMENT DEMONSTRATORS THEMSELVES TOOK TO THE STREETS YELLING " BAYAR, BACK TO YOUR CAVE, " AND RANSACKED JUSTICE PARTY HEADQUARTERS . IN ISTANBUL, COPS TRIED TO PREVENT A BLOODY CLASH BY OPENING BOTH PONTOON BRIDGES ACROSS THE GOLDEN HORN, THUS SEPARATING PRO- AND ANTIBAYAR GROUPS . BAYAR HIMSELF WAS DOING NOTHING TO CALM THINGS ,; HE PUBLICLY ATTACKED THE COURT AT YASSIADA THAT SENTENCED HIM TO PRISON 18 MONTHS AGO ; TEARFULLY, HE EMBRACED THE SON OF THE LATE PREMIER ADNAN MENDERES, BAYAR'S COLLEAGUE WHO WAS SENT TO THE GALLOWS BY THE YASSIADA TRIBUNAL . THROUGHOUT IT ALL, PREMIER INONU PERFORMED A CLASSIC SLOW BURN, LETTING THE JUSTICE CROWD HAVE ITS FUN FOR SIX DAYS . AT LAST, THE EXASPERATED AUTHORITIES COULD TAKE NO MORE, SENT BAYAR OFF TO A HOSPITAL . JUST A PHYSICAL EXAMINATION, THE COPS ASSURED THE OLD MAN, WHO PROMPTLY WENT ON A HUNGER STRIKE . A GUARD WAS PUT ON THE DOOR OF HIS HOSPITAL ROOM, AND THE NEWS SOON SPREAD THAT BAYAR'S PAROLE HAD BEEN REVOKED . THE END OF THE TRAIL MIGHT WELL BE THE JAILHOUSE AGAIN, FOR AT WEEK'S END THE PUBLIC PROSECUTOR BEGAN PROCEEDINGS AGAINST HIM FOR TALKING DOWN THE REGIME IN PUBLIC . 
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THE CONGO CAESARS OF THE BUSH AN ELDERLY SHOPKEEPER IN ELISABETHVILLE IGNORED OR PERHAPS DID NOT HEAR A CONGOLESE SOLDIER'S ORDER TO GET OFF THE SIDEWALK IN FRONT OF THE HEAVILY GUARDED NATIONAL BANK OF KATANGA LAST WEEK . ANGRILY, THE SOLDIER HOISTED HIS RIFLE AND SHOT HIM IN THE BACK . AS THE MAN LAY GROANING ON THE PAVEMENT, CONGOLESE TROOPS SHOVED AWAY A DOCTOR WHO TRIED TO SAVE HIS LIFE . THE COLD-BLOODED KILLING POINTED UP THE GRIM FACT THAT NEARLY THREE MONTHS AFTER UNITED NATIONS TROOPS CRUSHED SECESSIONIST MOISE TSHOMBE'S REGIME AND PLACED THE PROVINCE UNDER PREMIER CYRILLE ADOULA'S CENTRAL GOVERNMENT, PEACE IS FAR FROM RESTORED IN KATANGA . EACH GUARD POST THAT THE U.N . HANDS OVER TO THE CENTRAL REGIME'S ARMEE NATIONALE CONGOLAISE SEEMS TO PRODUCE A LITTLE AREA OF ANARCHY . IN RECENT WEEKS, TRIGGER-HAPPY A.N.C . SOLDIERS IN ELISABETHVILLE HAVE KILLED AT LEAST ONE KATANGESE CIVILIAN PER DAY . BAREFOOT POLICE . THINGS ARE ALMOST AS CHAOTIC IN THE CONGO'S OTHER 17 PROVINCES, WHERE LOCAL BUSH CAESARS GO THEIR OWN ANARCHIC WAYS UNIMPEDED BY CENTRAL AUTHORITY . IN COFFEE-RICH NORTH KIVU, PROVINCIAL PRESIDENT BENEZETH MOLEY MAINTAINS HEADQUARTERS IN ONE ROOM OF A GENERAL STORE, RUNS THINGS WITH A 300-MAN POLICE FORCE RECRUITED FROM LOCAL TRIBESMEN . IN MANIEMA PROVINCE, COLD-EYED PRESIDENT HILARIE KISANGA ENFORCES DISCIPLINE WITH 1,200 BAREFOOT COPS WHO LOUNGE IN THE STREETS ARMED WITH LEAD PIPES, AND WHO LIVE OFF ON-THE-SPOT FINES IMPOSED ON PASSERS-BY . PROTESTS A SHOPOWNER : " YOU WALK ON THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE STREET AND YOU ARE FINED . YOU WALK ON THE LEFT SIDE AND YOU ARE FINED . " THE AVERAGE CONGOLESE HAS LITTLE LEGAL REDRESS . TODAY, IN A NATION THREE TIMES THE SIZE OF TEXAS, THERE ARE ONLY 47 JUDGES TO HEAR COMPLAINTS ALL FOREIGNERS, IMPORTED BY THE U.N . FROM SUCH COUNTRIES AS EGYPT, SWEDEN, SPAIN AND SWITZERLAND . THIS IS JUST ONE OF THE MANY PROBLEMS OF LEOPOLDVILLE'S PREMIER ADOULA . LACKING FUNDS AND TRAINED PERSONNEL, HE HAS VIRTUALLY NO CONTROL OVER HIS SPRAWLING NATION OF 17 MILLION LARGELY ILLITERATE PEOPLE . THE CONGO'S ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE HAS BEEN RIPPED APART BY TWO YEARS OF CIVIL WAR, AND THE CHIEF AIM OF THE NATIONAL PARLIAMENT SOMETIMES SEEMS TO BE DESTRUCTION OF ANY CENTRAL AUTHORITY . FOR MANY WEEKS, ADOULA'S GOVERNMENT HAS BEEN ON THE RAZOR'S EDGE OF DEFEAT AT THE HANDS OF LEOPOLDVILLE'S CHAOTIC LEGISLATURE, WHOSE DEBATES SOMETIMES VERGE ON THE INSANE . FORTNIGHT AGO, FOR EXAMPLE, AS THE RAGTAG CHAMBER OF DEPUTIES DISCUSSED THE CONGO'S PROPOSED NEW MOTTO " UNITY, JUSTICE, PROGRESS " ONE SPEAKER OPINED : " PROGRESS' IS NO GOOD . ONE CAN PROGRESS BACKWARD AS WELL AS FORWARD . " RETORTED A FELLOW DEPUTY : " THAT GOES FOR " WORK' TOO . THERE IS SUCH A THING AS BAD WORK . " THEN SILENCE FELL OVER THE CHAMBER AS THE PRESIDENT OF THE BODY ROSE TO ANNOUNCE THAT HE HAD MADE A STARTLING DISCOVERY THAT CHANGED EVERYTHING . " WE HAVE JUST LEARNED, " HE INTONED, " THAT THIS MOTTO IS ALREADY IN USE BY WEST GERMANY . " AMID THE UPROAR THAT FOLLOWED, DEPUTIES WERE HEARD TO CRY, " WHO IS RESPONSIBLE, WHO ? " * FINALLY, A PORTLY DEPUTY NAMED EMILE ZOLA MOUNTED THE DAIS TO PLEAD : " SO MUCH THE BETTER . NOW WE WILL HAVE A TWIN COUNTRY IN THE WORLD . WE ARE UNDERDEVELOPED ; GERMANY IS OVERDEVELOPED ; OUR BROTHERHOOD CAN ONLY LEAD TO A GOOD RESULT . " WITH THESE SHRILL CRIES RINGING IN THEIR EARS, UNITED NATIONS OFFICIALS WENT NERVOUSLY AHEAD WITH PLANS TO PULL OUT NEARLY HALF OF THE U.N . CONGO FORCE'S PEAK STRENGTH OF 19,000 TROOPS BY SUMMER'S END . THE CONGOLESE WOULD HAVE TO MATURE SOME DAY ; THEY MIGHT AS WELL BEGIN NOW . IGNORING THE PROTESTS OF A WEST GERMAN EMBASSY OFFICIAL IN THE CORRIDOR WHO KEPT INSISTING, " NO, NO, IT'S ALL A MISUNDERSTANDING . OUR MOTTO IS " EINIGKEIT, RECHT, FREIHEIT' UNITY, JUSTICE, FREEDOM . / 
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NYASALAND SIR EDGAR & THE ELDERS ONE DAY IN MARCH 1959, IN THE BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA PROTECTORATE OF NYASALAND, HARMLESS-LOOKING ELARD CHIPANDALE, 31, TIED A HANDFUL OF MAGIC TWIGS ABOUT HIS WAIST, DONNED A COAT OF TREE BARK, AND TURNED HIMSELF INTO A CROCODILE . HE LAY IN WAIT BY THE BANK OF THE MWANZA RIVER FOR AN EIGHT-YEAR-OLD GIRL NAMED MPONDA SIMENTI . WHEN MPONDA AMBLED BY ON THE WAY TO FETCH WATER FOR HER FAMILY, ELARD THE CROCODILE DRAGGED HER INTO THE RIVER, BROKE HER ARM WITH HIS LASHING TAIL, AND FINISHED HER OFF WITH HIS FINGER-LONG TEETH . THIS WAS ELARD'S OWN MYSTICAL VERSION OF WHAT SOME MIGHT CONSIDER MERELY A CASE OF MURDER FOR PAY . THE GIRL'S GRANDFATHER, ODRECK KASOCI, HAD SOUGHT OUT ELARD TO GET RID OF THE ANNOYING CHILD BECAUSE ELARD WAS WELL KNOWN IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD AS A " MAGIC MAN, " AND THEREFORE QUALIFIED TO DEAL WITH THE PROBLEM . ODRECK AGREED TO PAY $13.50 FOR THE ASSASSINATION, BUT WHEN THE DEED WAS DONE, HE RENEGED . CHIPANDALE SUED IN A NATIVE COURT FOR HIS FEE AND WON . BUT A GOVERNMENT POLICEMAN HAPPENED IN ON THE PROCEEDINGS AND REPORTED THE TWO MEN . LAST WEEK, IN NYASALAND'S COMMERCIAL CENTER OF BLANTYRE BOTH MEN WERE ON TRIAL FOR MURDER . ELARD'S READY ADMISSION OF THE KILLING DID NOT MAKE THINGS ANY EASIER FOR CHIEF JUSTICE SIR EDGAR UNSWORTH . FOR ELARD INSISTED THAT HE WAS NOT GUILY BECAUSE HE WAS A CROCODILE AT THE TIME . SIR EDGAR CALLED IN THE GOVERNMENT'S PSYCHIATRIST TO TEST ELARD'S SANITY . HE WAS JUDGED NOT INSANE, BUT THE PSYCHIATRIST ADDED, " WE MUST ADMIT WE ARE DEALING WITH A MENTALITY COMPLETELY FOREIGN TO US . " SIR EDGAR TURNED TO THE COURT ASSESSORS THREE TRIBAL ELDERS FOR EXPERT GUIDANCE . " ARE YOU SATISFIED, " HE ASKED, " THAT THE PROSECUTION HAS ESTABLISHED THAT ELARD WAS NOT, ON ACCOUNT OF HIS SUPERSTITIOUS BELIEF, UNDER THE DELUSION THAT HE WAS A CROCODILE ? " THE THREE WERE UNANIMOUS IN THEIR ANSWER : " HE TURNED HIMSELF INTO A MAGIC CROCODILE AND SEIZED THE CHILD . " SIR EDGAR WAS FACED WITH ANOTHER CLASSIC CLASH OF WHITE MAN'S RULES WITH DEEPROOTED AFRICAN BELIEFS . SINCE THE TWO COULD NOT BE RESOLVED, SIR EDGAR WAS FORCED TO MAKE HIS DECISION ON THE BASIS OF SOCIAL PATTERNS HE COULD UNDERSTAND . IGNORING THE ELDERS' TESTIMONY, HE SENTENCED BOTH MEN TO BE HANGED . 
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CENTRAL AFRICA THE CRUMBLING FEDERATION AS LONG AGO AS LAST DECEMBER, IT WAS OBVIOUS THAT THE SHAKY CENTRAL AFRICAN FEDERATION WAS NOT LONG FOR THIS WORLD . OBVIOUS, THAT IS, TO EVERYONE BUT THE FEDERATION'S PRIME MINISTER, BIG- BEEFY SIR ROY WELENSKY, WHO STOUTLY INSISTED THAT CONTINUED PRESENCE OF THE WHITE MAN IN AFRICA " DEPENDED ON THE MAINTENANCE OF THE UNION OF NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN RHODESIA . ROOM SULKERS . LOOKING HIS MOST BULLDOGGISH, AND GIVING A JAUNTY THUMBS-UP SALUTE, WELENSKY STORMED INTO LONDON LAST WEEK, PROPHESYING RUIN AND ANARCHY IF HIS WARNINGS WERE IGNORED . ASKED IF HE WOULD USE FEDERAL TROOPS TO PREVENT THE SECESSION OF BLACK-DOMINATED NORTHERN RHODESIA, SIR ROY REPLIED, " THE ONLY TIME ONE WOULD USE FORCE WOULD BE TO MAINTAIN LAW AND ORDER . ONE WOULD NOT STAND BY AND SEE THINGS SMASH . BUT IF YOU ARE ASKING ME WHETHER I WOULD USE FORCE TO KEEP THE TWO RHODESIAS TOGETHER, THE ANSWER IS NO, BECAUSE IT WOULD NOT WORK . " BY THE TIME WELENSKY CHECKED INTO THE HYDE PARK HOTEL, NATIONALIST KENNETH KAUNDA, TOP AFRICAN LEADER IN NORTHERN RHODESIA, HAD ALREADY ATTENDED HIS FIRST MEETING WITH BRITAIN'S DEPUTY PRIME MINISTER R . A . BUTLER TO DECIDE THE FUTURE COURSE OF CENTRAL AFRICA . OF RAMBUNCTIOUS SIR ROY, KAUNDA SNEERED, " WE ARE HERE TO ROB HIM OF HIS JOB . YOU MIGHT MAKE HIM LORD BROKEN REED . " WITH RAB BUTLER, KAUNDA AND HIS FELLOW NATIONALIST, HARRY NKUMBULA, ARGUED FOR TWO HOURS NORTHERN RHODESIA'S RIGHT TO SECEDE, AND ASKED WHY THEIR COUNTRY SHOULD BE CONSIDERED " THE CINDERELLA OF CENTRAL AFRICA . " WHEN BUTLER REFUSED TO MAKE ANY PROMISES, THE TWO AFRICAN LEADERS WALKED OUT AND SULKED FOR TWO DAYS IN THEIR HOTEL ROOMS . POWER SEEKERS . THIS APPARENTLY WAS ENOUGH FOR RAB BUTLER . HE CALLED IN WELENSKY AND SOUTHERN RHODESIA'S PRIME MINISTER WINSTON FIELD, A LEAN, ENIGMATIC FARMER WHO IS LESS INTERESTED IN THE FATE OF THE FEDERATION THAN IN SEEING TO IT THAT SOUTHERN RHODESIA'S 221,000 WHITES RETAIN POLITICAL CONTROL OF THE STATE'S 3,600,000 BLACKS . BUTLER ANNOUNCED BRITAIN'S DECISION : NO TERRITORY WOULD BE KEPT IN THE FEDERATION AGAINST ITS WILL . FURIOUS AT THIS " ACT OF BETRAYAL, " WELENSKY STALKED ANGRILY FROM BUTLER'S OFFICE AND PROMPTLY CANCELED A LUNCHEON ENGAGEMENT WITH PRIME MINISTER MACMILLAN, A SNUB WITHOUT PRECEDENT IN BRITISH COMMONWEALTH ANNALS . AT A NEWS CONFERENCE, HE STORMED THAT " THESE DECISIONS HAVE BEEN TAKEN BY HER MAJESTY'S GOVERNMENT UNDER THREAT FROM MEN WHO SEEK POWER . THE PEOPLE OF CENTRAL AFRICA, BLACK AND WHITE ALIKE, ARE BEING BETRAYED TO THESE MEN ! " SOUTHERN RHODESIA'S FIELD TOOK THE NEWS IN STRIDE . NOW THAT THE FEDERATION WAS VIRTUALLY DISSOLVED, FIELD WANTED A BRITISH GUARANTEE OF INDEPENDENCE FOR SOUTHERN RHODESIA, AND PRESUMABLY A GUARANTEE OF ITS CONSTITUTION, WHICH IS RIGGED AGAINST THE BLACK MAJORITY . UNTIL SUCH GUARANTEES ARE GIVEN, SAID FIELD, HE WILL ATTEND NO MORE CONFERENCES . 
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RUSSIA A FINE ITALIAN HAND THE PAUCITY OF FACTS IN MOSCOW LENDS A CERTAIN CREDIBILITY TO EVERY RUMOR ABOUT THE KREMLIN, ESPECIALLY WHEN IT CONCERNS THE SUPPOSED UPS AND DOWNS OF NIKITA KHRUSHCHEV.* THUS IT WAS LAST WEEK THAT A WHISPER FROM MOSCOW VIA ROME BECAME A BLAST OF HOT AIR FELT AROUND THE WORLD . IT ALL BEGAN WITH A MOSCOW DISPATCH BY GIUSEPPE BOFFA, CORRESPONDENT FOR ITALY'S COMMUNIST NEWSPAPER L'UNITA, WHICH SOBERLY DESCRIBED SOVIET TROUBLES IN DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND AT ONE POINT PERMITTED ITSELF THE FLAT ASSERTION THAT " MOSCOW IS LIVING THROUGH A DELICATE AND INTERESTING POLITICAL MOMENT . " ROME'S VOLATILE PRESS ERUPTED WITH SCREAMING HEADLINES PREDICTING NIKITA'S IMMINENT DOWNFALL . BIG PAPERS IN NEW YORK,LONDON AND PARIS GAVE WAY TO SIMILAR SPECULATION . THOUGH KHRUSHCHEV WAS SURELY UNDER PRESSURE, HE DID NOT ACT LIKE A FELLOW ON THE SKIDS . HE SENT A NOTE TO HIS POISON PEN PAL MAO TSE-TUNG POLITELY DECLINING MAO'S INVITATION TO TALK OVER THE SINO-SOVIET SPLIT IN PEKING (TIME, MARCH 22). INSTEAD HE INVITED MAO OR A GROUP OF COLLEAGUES TO MOSCOW . SUGGESTED TIME FOR THE CONFRONTATION OF QUARRELING COMMUNISTS : IN THE SPRING OR SUMMER, " WHICH ARE GOOD SEASONS OF THE YEAR IN OUR COUNTRY . / EVEN THE UPS AND DOWNS OF SOVIET SPACE TECHNOLOGY WERE SHROUDED IN UNCERTAINTY LAST WEEK . MOSCOW LAUNCHED A FOURTH MOON PROBE, BUT WITH TYPICAL SECRECY DID NOT REVEAL ITS MISSION . THE SIZE OF LUNIK IV (1F TONS) LED SOME WESTERN SCIENTISTS TO BELIEVE IT WAS DESIGNED TO CARRY OUT A SOFT LANDING ON THE MOON . BUT AFTER 3F DAYS IN FLIGHT, LUNIK IV MISSED THE MOON BY 5,281 MILES . WAS LUNIK IV A FLOP ? TASS REPORTED ONLY THAT EXPERIMENTS " HAD BEEN CARRIED OUT, " THEN CURTLY ADDED IT WOULD HAVE NOTHING MORE TO REPORT ABOUT THE FLIGHT . 
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RUSSIA THAT STRANGE TIME I AM NOT RETREATING ONE DAMNED STEP . IT IS GOOD TO BE ANGRY AT UNTRUTH . SO, IN THE FULL FLUSH OF DESTALINIZATION, WROTE EVGENY EVTUSHENKO, 29, THE RUSSIAN POET WHOSE HONEST RAGE AT THE CANT AND CALLOUSNESS OF SOVIET SOCIETY HAS MADE HIM THE IDOL OF HIS GENERATION . FOR A WHILE, IN FACT, IT SEEMED AS IF EVTUSHENKO (TIME COVER, APRIL 13, 1962) HAD BECOME A SEMIOFFICIAL ANGRY YOUNG MARXIST, WHOSE OCCASIONAL EXCESSES WERE TOLERATED BY THE REGIME BECAUSE THEY MADE IT APPEAR AS IF KHRUSHCHEV'S COMMUNISM COULD ACTUALLY ACCEPT CRITICISM . IF SO, EVTUSHENKO PUSHED HIS LUCK TOO FAR . VAIN APOLOGIES . DURING A SWING THROUGH FRANCE AND WEST GERMANY EARLY THIS YEAR, THE DASHING YOUNG POET WAS LIONIZED AT PARTIES (INCLUDING A MASQUERADE BALL DURING MUNICH'S ANNUAL CARNIVAL) BY PLEASURE-LOVING BOURGEOIS INTELLECTUALS . HE EVEN HELD A SERIES OF FREEWHEELING PRESS CONFERENCES . HEAPING SCORN ON THE PARTY FOSSILS WHOSE HACKWORK WINS THE STALIN PRIZE EACH YEAR, EVTUSHENKO ACTUALLY BLAMED STALIN'S REIGN OF TERROR ON THE DICTATOR'S " CLOSE ASSOCIATES " OF WHOM, THOUGH HE DID NOT SAY SO, NIKITA KHRUSHCHEV IS THE DEAN EMERITUS . THE POET'S MOST AUDACIOUS GESTURE OF INDEPENDENCE WAS TO GIVE THE EDITORS OF FRANCE'S L'EXPRESS HIS AUTOBIOGRAPHY FOR PUBLICATION, KNOWING WELL THAT NO SOVIET WRITER IS PERMITTED TO PUBLISH ABROAD WITHOUT FIRST GETTING CLEARANCE FROM THE CENSORS . CUED BY KHRUSHCHEV HIMSELF, WHO RECENTLY RAPPED EVTUSHENKO FOR " CHEAP SENSATIONALISM, " A THREE-DAY MEETING OF THE UNION OF SOVIET WRITERS LAST MONTH ADDRESSED ITSELF ALMOST EXCLUSIVELY TO DESTROYING THE CULT OF EVTUSHENKO . IN ALL, CLOSE TO 40 TAME AUTHORS TROOPED MONOTONOUSLY FORWARD TO DENOUNCE EVTUSHENKO AND OTHER LIBERAL YOUNG WRITERS FOR OFFENSES RANGING FROM BAD RHYMES TO " SACRILGEIOUS STATEMENTS " ABOUT THE REVOLUTION . THOUGH EVTUSHENKO MADE ABJECT APOLOGIES FOR HIS " IRREVOCABLE MISTAKE, " THE DRUMFIRE OF CRITICISM ONLY GREW LOUDER AND MORE INSISTENT . MUTTER IN MINSK . LAST WEEK THE SOVIET PRESS FUMED THAT EVTUSHENKO AND OTHER YOUNG WRITERS SHOULD NOT BE ALLOWED TO TRAVEL ABROAD UNTIL THEY " MATURE POLITICALLY . " WHEN A WEST GERMAN GIRL WAS DETAINED AT THE SOVIET BORDER ON CHARGES OF SMUGGLING CAVIAR, IZVESTIA BROUGHT EVTUSHENKO INTO IT BY CHARGING THAT SHE HAD MET EVTUSHENKO IN GERMANY AND FROM HIM HAD LEARNED ALL ABOUT " FASHIONABLE MOSCOW YOUTH . " IN MINSK, WHERE DMITRY SHOSTAKOVICH'S NEW 13TH SYMPHONY WAS PERFORMED FOR THE FIRST TIME OUTSIDE MOSCOW, A CRITIC CASTIGATED THE COMPOSER FOR BASING PART OF HIS SCORE ON EVTUSHENKO'S FAMED POEM, BABI YAR, A SAVAGE INDICTMENT OF SOVIET ANTI-SEMITISM THAT THE LITERARY COMMISSARS HAVE ALREADY MADE EVTUSHENKO REVISE . THOUGH KHRUSHCHEV WAS PLAINLY OUT TO MAKE EVTUSHENKO THE SCAPEGOAT, THE CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE POET WAS ONLY PART OF A NEW, SYSTEMATIC ATTEMPT TO CLAMP STRICT PARTY CONTROLS ON THE THEATER, MUSIC, ART, BOOK PUBLISHING, INDUSTRIAL DESIGN, AND EVERY OTHER FIELD IN WHICH YOUNG COMMUNISTS MIGHT BE TEMPTED TO VOICE INDEPENDENT THOUGHTS . IT WAS ONCE MORE THAT " STRANGE TIME, " AS EVTUSHENKO WROTE IN 1960, " WHEN COMMON INTEGRITY COULD BE CALLED COURAGE . / 
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ANANY EGOROVICH BIT HIS LOWER LIP . HE DID NOT KNOW WHAT TO DO . EIGHT YEARS AGO HE WOULD HAVE TAKEN THESE WOMEN BY THE SCRUFF OF THEIR NECKS AND THROWN THEM INTO THE FIELDS . BUT NOW . . . " A WIFE WITH A JOB . MYSOVSKY VISITS A FATHER AND SON WHO DO NOT WORK REGULARLY FOR THE KOLKHOZ, YET OCCUPY A GOOD HOUSE . HOW DO THEY DO IT ? " WHAT ARE THE MEANS ? ANANY EGOROVICH ASKED HIMSELF . THE KOLKHOZ WAGES ? CERTAINLY NOT, SADLY ENOUGH . WHO COULD BUILD THEMSELVES A HOUSE ? THOSE WHO HAVE EARNINGS ON THE SIDE . THERE IS A CUSTOM IN THE VILLAGE : IF YOU WORK IN A KOLKHOZ, LOOK FOR A WIFE WHO HAS A REGULAR JOB IN TOWN . " EVERYONE WOULD RATHER WORK FOR HIMSELF AND EARN MORE THAN WORK FOR THE COLLECTIVE, HE LAMENTS . " IT'S THE SAME OLD STORY . A REAL VICIOUS CIRCLE . IN ORDER TO BE PAID WELL, PEOPLE SHOULD WORK FULL STEAM, SINCE THE KOLKHOZ HAS NO OTHER RESOURCES BUT THEIR WORK . BUT PEOPLE WILL NOT WORK FOR THE KOLKHOZ BECAUSE THEY ARE NOT WELL PAID . HOW CAN I BREAK THE CIRCLE ? PARTY OFFICIALS TELL ME, " YOU'RE NOT A GOOD LEADER . YOUR AGITATION-EDUCATIONAL WORK IS SLACK.' BUT HOW DO YOU PROPAGANDIZE TODAY'S KOLKHOZNIK ? WITHOUT THE RUBLE THE AGITATION DOESN'T REACH HIM . . . THAT'S THE WHOLE QUESTION . " WHY BOTHER ? CONTINUING HIS TOUR, MYSOVSKY STOPS OFF AT THE NEW HOME OF A RELEASED INMATE OF A SLAVE LABOR CAMP . THE FELLOW HAS A DOCTOR'S CERTIFICATE THAT HE IS TOO ILL TO WORK, LIVES LAVISHLY BY SELLING PRODUCE FROM HIS PRIVATE PLOT . " EVERYTHING AT PETUNYA'S PLACE WAS GEARED TO MARKET NEEDS . INSTEAD OF A SMALL ONION BED HE HAD A REAL ONION PLANTATION, MUCH BETTER THAN THE ONES ON THE KOLKHOZ . THEN THERE WERE CUCUMBERS, POTATOES . . . EVERY INCH WAS USED . " NATURALLY PETUNYA REFUSES TO HELP BRING IN THE HARVEST . " IF I HAD A COW I MIGHT, BUT OTHERWISE, WHY BOTHER ? ' THE CHAIRMAN UNDERSTANDS . . . EVERY YEAR THOUSANDS OF ACRES OF HAY ARE LOST BECAUSE KOLKHOZNIKI GET ONLY 10 PER CENT OF THE HAY THEY HARVEST . IN ORDER TO FEED HIS OWN COW HE WOULD HAVE TO HARVEST ENOUGH FOR EIGHT OR NINE AND THAT'S IMPOSSIBLE . EACH YEAR IT GETS HARDER AND HARDER TO FIND WORKERS FOR THE KOLKHOZ SILO . " MEETING HIS FATE . AT THE END OF HIS ROUNDS MYSOVSKY IS DOG-TIRED AND DEPRESSED, STOPS OFF AT THE RECREATION HALL FOR A DRINK, AND PROMPTLY GETS PLASTERED . WHILE DRUNK HE PROMISES THE WORKERS 30 PER CENT OF THE HARVEST INSTEAD OF THE REGULATION 10 PER CENT , AND LO AND BEHOLD, WITH THAT INCENTIVE, THEY ARE OUT IN THE FIELDS EARLY NEXT DAY . NEXT MORNING, MYSOVSKY WAKES UP WITH A HANGOVER, RUBS HIS EYES AT THE SIGHT OF WORKERS' KERCHIEFS BOBBING LIKE DAISIES IN THE FIELDS . THEN HE REMEMBERS . . . " THIRTY PERCENT ? HOW COULD HE HAVE SAID ANYTHING OF THE SORT ? HIS HEAD MIGHT FALL FOR THAT . HE COULD IMAGINE THE CRIES OF THE PARTY BOSSES : " YOU HAVE UNLEASHED PROPERTY-POSSESSING IDEAS . YOU LET YOURSELF BE LED BY BACKWARD ELEMENTS.' JUST THE SAME, THOUGHT THE CHAIRMAN, THE WORKERS WERE OUT IN THE FIELDS JUST BECAUSE OF THE PROMISE OF 30 PER CENT WITHOUT SHOUTING, DEMANDS OR DISCUSSION . " MYSOVSKY HASTILY WALKED TOWARD THE HOME OF THE LOCAL PARTY BOSS TO EXPLAIN THINGS BEFORE THEY PUT HIM ON TRIAL . THE CLOSER HE GOT TO THE HOUSE, THE MORE FRIGHTENED HE BECAME . ON THE WAY, AN ASSISTANT STOPPED HIM, ASKED WHETHER HE WANTED TO SEND ADDITIONAL WORKERS TO OUTLYING FIELDS NATURALLY FOR THE SAME 30 PER CENT . " MYSOVSKY NERVOUSLY LICKED HIS LIPS, THEN AGREED . NOW THAT I AM 55, I SHOULD BE COURAGEOUS, HE SAID TO HIMSELF . HE STRAIGHTENED HIMSELF UP, AND WENT INSIDE TO MEET HIS FATE . / 
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GREAT BRITAIN WEEKEND IN WASHINGTON FROM THE SOLICITOUS RECEPTION HE GOT FROM THE NEW FRONTIER, THE LITTLE COLDEYED MAN WHO STEPPED OFF THE AIRLINER IN WASHINGTON MIGHT HAVE BEEN BRITAIN'S PRIME MINISTER RATHER THAN THE OPPOSITION LEADER . EVEN IN HIS OWN LABOR PARTY SIX MONTHS AGO, PIPE-PUFFING HAROLD WILSON WAS REGARDED AS A SLIPPERY OPPORTUNIST AND A CONSTANT THREAT TO THE PARTY'S HARDWON UNITY UNDER THE LATE HUGH GAITSKELL . THOUGH HIS VIEWS ON MOST MAJOR ISSUES WERE CALCULATEDLY MURKY, " LITTLE HAROLD, " AS HIS FOES CALL HIM, DREW LEFT-WING SUPPORT BY CONDEMNING U.S . HANDLING OF CUBA, CHEERING ON THE UNILATERALISTS, BITTERLY OPPOSING BRITAIN'S BID FOR COMMON MARKET MEMBERSHIP . HOWEVER, IT WAS NOT WILSON'S PAST THAT BROUGHT OUT WASHINGTON'S RED CARPET BUT HIS POTENTIAL FUTURE . EVEN THOUGH ELECTIONS WILL PROBABLY NOT BE CALLED FOR AT LEAST A YEAR, NO U.S . POLICYMAKER COULD IGNORE TODAY'S GALLUP POLLS, WHICH GIVE THE LABOR PARTY A RECORD 50 PER CENT TO 33F PER CENT LEAD OVER THE TORIES . IF THAT TREND SHOULD CONTINUE, HAROLD WILSON WOULD BE BRITAIN'S NEXT PRIME MINISTER . WHAT ADMINISTRATION OFFICIALS GOT LAST WEEK WAS AMPLE DEMONSTRATION OF THE FACT THAT SINCE GAITSKELL'S DEATH, THE FLINTY, QUICK-WITTED YORKSHIREMAN HAS HAD TO MOVE CLOSER TO THE POLITICAL CENTER TO HOLD THE PARTY TOGETHER AND TAKE HARD AND FAST STANDS ON WHICH BRITAIN'S ELECTORATE CAN WEIGH THE MERITS OF A LABOR GOVERNMENT . WILSON WAS PLAINLY ANXIOUS TO WIN THE NEW FRONTIER'S CONFIDENCE . AFTER AN INTENSIVE, FOUR-DAY ROUND OF CONFERENCES WITH PRESIDENT KENNEDY AND KEY ADMINISTRATIVE HANDS, THE LABOR LEADER'S VIEWS ON MOST OUTSTANDING WORLD ISSUES SEEMED NOW AT LEAST AS CLOSE TO U.S . POLICY AS HAROLD MACMILLAN'S . " DENEGOTIATION . " WILSON'S MOST REASSURING MESSAGE WAS THAT HE UNEQUIVOCALLY SUPPORTS NATO AS " THE CENTER OF OUR DEFENSE POLICY IN EUROPE . " TO THE DELIGHT OF THE DEFENSE DEPARTMENT, WHICH HAS LONG TRIED IN VAIN TO PERSUADE BRITAIN TO BUILD UP ITS CHRONICALLY INADEQUATE GROUND FORCES ON THE CONTINENT, WILSON ARGUED THAT BRITAIN COULD WELL AFFORD A STRONG ARMY IF, AS HE PROPOSES, IT WERE TO ELIMINATE ITS NUCLEAR STRIKE FORCE " THE SOCALLED INDEPENDENT, SO-CALLED BRITISH, SOCALLED DETERRENT . " THUS, IF ELECTED, WILSON WOULD " DENEGOTIATE " BRITAIN'S AGREEMENT AT NASSAU TO BUILD A POLARIS SUBMARINE FLEET, AND HOPE THEREBY TO DISCOURAGE OTHER NATIONS FROM BUILDING INDEPENDENT DETERRENTS . HE IS STRONGLY OPPOSED TO GIVING GERMANY A FINGER ON THE TRIGGER, WHICH " WOULD BE HIGHLY PROVOCATIVE TO THE SOVIET UNION AND MAKE IT EVEN HARDER TO GET AGREEMENTS, " PARTICULARLY ON THE MATTER OF DISARMAMENT . BELYING REPORTS THAT HE WAS " SOFT " ON WEST BERLIN, WILSON INSISTED THAT IT MUST REMAIN A FREE AND VIABLE CITY, AND THAT ALLIED TROOPS WOULD HAVE TO BE STATIONED THERE " FOR THE FORESEEABLE FUTURE . " RESERVATIONS . THERE WERE SOME ISSUES ON WHICH WILSON'S VIEWS WERE DIRECTLY AT ODDS WITH THOSE OF THE ADMINISTRATION ; U.S . OFFICIALS WERE INCLINED TO SHRUG THEM OFF AS LIP SERVICE TO LABOR'S LEFT WING . MOST IMPORTANT DIVERGENCE IS HIS SUPPORT FOR WITHDRAWAL OF NATO AND SOVIET TROOPS FROM CENTRAL EUROPE, MAKING " NUCLEAR-FREE " ZONES OF EAST AND WEST GERMANY AND HUNGARY A PROPOSAL THAT THE U.S . CONSIDERS IMPRACTICAL AND DANGEROUS . WILSON SEEMED AS WOBBLY AS EVER ON SOME QUESTIONS, NOTABLY THE COMMON MARKET, WHICH HE NOW CONDITIONALLY FAVORS . HE SUPPORTS GREATER EAST-WEST TRADE, WHICH IS NOT AN ADMINISTRATION GOAL, AND FAVORS SEATING COMMUNIST CHINA IN THE U.N., WHICH IS DIRECTLY CONTRARY TO U.S . POLICY, BUT HE TOLD U.S . OFFICIALS THAT THESE ARE NOT HIGH-PRIORITY AIMS . THESE VIEWS GAVE REASON FOR CONTINUED RESERVATIONS ABOUT HAROLD WILSON . MOREOVER, THOUGH HIS INCISIVE, PRAGMATIC STYLE UNDENIABLY IMPRESSED WASHINGTON, OLDER HEADS HAVE STILL TO BE PERSUADED THAT WILSON'S CONVICTIONS WILL NOT SHIFT AGAIN AS THEY HAVE SO MANY TIMES BEFORE . 
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FRANCE A CERTAIN MALADY " BECAUSE THEY CLING TO OBSOLETE SLOGANS, " THUNDERED GAULLIST MINISTER FRANCOIS MISSOFFE LAST WEEK, " THE UNIONS WILL SUFFER THE SAME FATE AS THE POLITICAL PARTIES AND BE DEMOLISHED . " BUT THINGS DID NOT WORK OUT QUITE THAT WAY . IN FRANCE'S NORTHERN COAL FIELDS, 188,000 MINERS WORE SMILES OF VICTORY AS THEY TROOPED BACK TO THE PITS AFTER THEIR BITTER 35-DAY STRIKE . DEFYING A GOVERNMENT ANTISTRIKE DECREE THAT COULD HAVE RESULTED IN FINES, FIRINGS AND JAIL TERMS, THE MINERS HAD WON AN IMMEDIATE 6.5 PER CENT PAY BOOST THAT WILL RISE TO 12.5 PER CENT BY NEXT APRIL . THE HUMILIATING DEFEAT FOR PRESIDENT CHARLES DE GAULLE ADDED NO LUSTER TO HIS POPULAR PRESTIGE . CITING AN " EVIDENT CORRELATION " BETWEEN DE GAULLE'S SAGGING CURVE AND THE STRIKE, THE FRENCH INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC OPINION SAID THAT ONLY 42 PER CENT OF THE PUBLIC WAS CURRENTLY " SATISFIED " WITH HIS HANDLING OF THE PRESIDENCY, COMPARED WITH 55 PER CENT IN MARCH AND 64 PER CENT IN JANUARY . BUT MORE IMPORTANT TO DE GAULLE THAN POPULARITY WAS HIS FEAR OF THE STRIKE'S ADVERSE EFFECTS ON THE ECONOMY . THE WAGE GAINS BY MINERS HAVE ALREADY TOUCHED OFF SIMILAR DEMANDS BY OTHER WORKERS IN NATIONALIZED INDUSTRY ; WHEN PRIVATE EMPLOYEES START BARGAINING FOR A FRESH ROUND OF SALARY HIKES, THE RESULT COULD BE AS PREMIER GEORGES POMPIDOU HAS PUT IT " A CERTAIN MALADY WHICH IS CALLED INFLATION . " LE GRAND CHARLES STILL HOPED TO QUARANTINE THE MALADY . FROM THE ELYSEE PALACE CAME WORD THAT HE WILL SOON MAKE A NATIONWIDE RADIO-TELEVISION ADDRESS " ON INTERNAL SUBJECTS OF AN ECONOMIC ORDER . 
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WEST GERMANY THE PRICE OF SILENCE UNTIL LAST WEEK CHANCELLOR KONRAD ADENAUER'S CHRISTIAN DEMOCRATS HAD WON A MAJORITY AMONG THE RURAL, CONSERVATIVE VOTERS OF RHINELAND-PALATINATE IN EVERY ELECTION SINCE THE WEST GERMAN REPUBLIC WAS FOUNDED IN 1949 . BUT THE LATEST VOTE FOR THE STATE LEGISLATURE GAVE THE C.D.U . ONLY 46 OF 100 SEATS, AND 44.4 PER CENT OF THE POPULAR VOTE, A LOSS OF 4 PER CENT SINCE THE 1959 ELECTION . THE SOCIALISTS, BY CONTRAST, MOVED UP FROM 37 SEATS TO 43 IN THE CONSERVATIVE STRONGHOLD, TAKING 40.7 PER CENT OF THE VOTE, A GAIN OF NEARLY 6 PER CENT . CRIED SOCIALIST SPOKESMAN FRITZ BARSIG : / THE ICE IS FINALLY BROKEN . " THE C.D.U . WOULD CONTINUE TO GOVERN RHINELAND-PALATINATE IN COALITION WITH THE FREE DEMOCRATS, BUT IT WAS CLEAR THAT ITS LOSS THERE WAS THE MOST DAMAGING THAT THE PARTY HAD SUFFERED IN FIVE STATE ELECTIONS IN THE PAST 16 MONTHS . TAKING STOCK, C.D.U . OFFICIALS WERE NOW CERTAIN THAT THE FAULT LAY WITH DER ALTE'S OBSTINATE FIGHT TO HANG ONTO HIS POST, BLOCKING THE SUCCESSION OF ECONOMICS MINISTER LUDWIG ERHARD . DESPITE ADENAUER'S TOWERING CONTEMPT FOR HIM, " UNCLE LUDWIG " IS BY FAR THE MOST POPULAR POLITICIAN IN THE COUNTRY ; A RECENT PUBLIC-OPINION POLL SHOWED THAT HE IS REGARDED BY 25 PER CENT OF THE VOTERS AS THE BEST MAN TO SUCCEED ADENAUER, WHEREAS SOCIALIST LEADER WILLY BRANDT IS FAVORED BY ONLY 12 PER CENT . BUT WITH FEDERAL ELECTIONS ONLY TWO YEARS AWAY, 32 PER CENT OF THOSE POLLED NOW LOOK ON THE SOCIALISTS AS THE " MOST SYMPATHETIC PARTY, " WHILE ONLY 30 PER CENT SO REGARD THE C.D.U . A THREEMAN C.D.U . COMMITTEE CHOSEN TO NAME THE NEXT CHANCELLOR APPEARS CONVINCED THAT ONLY ERHARD CAN REVERSE THE TIDE . BUT ADENAUER HOLDS OUT AGAINST A QUICK DECISION . FOR THE SOCIALISTS, WHO HOPE TO WHITTLE C.D.U . MARGINS EVEN MORE DRAMATICALLY IN FOUR OTHER STATE ELECTIONS BEFORE MID-1964, DER ALTE'S CONTINUED SILENCE CAN BE GOLDEN . 
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COMMON MARKET BACK TO WORK WHEN CHARLES DE GAULLE SHOCKED EUROPE WITH HIS HIGHHANDED EXCLUSION OF BRITAIN FROM THE COMMON MARKET LAST JANUARY, MANY EUROPEAN OFFICIALS SPECULATED THAT THE GENERAL'S ACTION MIGHT PERMANENTLY DISRUPT THE COMMON MARKET'S PROGRESS . INDEED, FOR TWO MONTHS, MEETING AFTER MEETING AT BRUSSELS ENDED IN RECRIMINATION AND DEADLOCK . BUT FINALLY LAST WEEK THE REST OF THE SIX SWALLOWED THEIR RESENTMENT AT FRANCE AND GOT BACK TO BUSINESS AS BEFORE . TWO AND A HALF YEARS AHEAD OF SCHEDULE, THE COMMON MARKET NATIONS VOTED ANOTHER 10 PER CENT SLASH IN EACH NATION'S CUSTOMS DUTIES ON INDUSTRIAL IMPORTS FROM OTHER MEMBERS OF THE COMMUNITY, AND AGREED TO CUT BY 20 PER CENT THE AVERAGE TARIFF ON A WIDE RANGE OF INDUSTRIAL GOODS IMPORTED FROM OUTSIDE THE COMMON MARKET . THE LATEST REDUCTION WAS PLAINLY INTENDED AS A GOODWILL GESTURE ON THE EVE OF TARIFF-CUTTING NEGOTIATIONS WITH THE U.S . IN GENEVA NEXT MONTH . HOWEVER, WHAT THE U.S . IS PRIMARILY ANXIOUS TO SECURE AT GENEVA ITS EUROPEAN MARKET FOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS WILL NOT BE UP FOR NEGOTIATION, SINCE THE COMMON MARKET NATIONS LAST WEEK WERE UNABLE TO AGREE ON THEIR OWN PRICE LEVELS 
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EUROPE AN ANTHOLOGY OF PROS PRIESTS AND KINGS, COMMISSARS AND PARLIAMENTS HAVE ALL TRIED TO PUT THE WORLD'S OLDEST PROFESSION OUT OF BUSINESS . NONE SUCCEEDED . SOME SOCIOLOGISTS, HOWEVER, HAVE GAMELY PREDICTED THAT ANY NATION THAT COULD ELIMINATE UNEMPLOYMENT WOULD ALSO ELIMINATE PROSTITUTION . GIRLS ONLY SOLD THEIR BODIES, THE ARGUMENT WENT, BECAUSE THERE WAS NO MARKET FOR THEIR OTHER SKILLS . THE MOBILE SQUAD . BUT AS PROSPEROUS, LABOR-SHORT WESTERN EUROPE LAST WEEK PREPARED FOR THE SUMMER FLOOD OF TOURISTS, IT WAS GLARINGLY APPARENT THAT THE SOCIOLOGISTS HAD, AS USUAL, GUESSED WRONG . INSTEAD OF VANISHING, OR EVEN DECLINING IN NUMBERS, PROSTITUTES SWARMED IN EVERY EUROPEAN CAPITAL, FROM COPENHAGEN TO ROME AND FROM BUDAPEST TO LONDON . THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC MIRACLE DID IN FACT TAKE SOME PROSTITUTES OFF THE STREETS BUT ONLY TO PUT THEM IN CARS . THE " KLAXON GIRLS " OF MILAN CRUISE CATHEDRAL SQUARE IN LANCIAS AND DAUPHINES, DISCREETLY TOOTING HORNS AND FLASHING THEIR HEADLIGHTS TO ATTRACT MEN'S ATTENTION . THE LATEST FASHION IN COPENHAGEN HAS BEEN CREATED BY " VANPROSTITUTES, " WHO CRUISE THE STREETS IN SMALL TRUCKS EQUIPPED WITH BEDS . IN ROME, THE FIRST GREEN LEAVES LAST WEEK PEEPED ALONG THE LUNGOTEVERE, AND FLOWERS SPROUTED BEHIND SIDEWALK TABLES ON THE VIA VENETO . SPRING HAD COME, AND THE LADIES COULD NOT BE FAR BEHIND . AS EARLY AS 9 A.M., TIGHT-SKIRTED HUSTLERS PROWL THE SQUARE BEFORE ROME'S MODERNISTIC RAILWAY STATION ; BY NOON, THEY ARE ENSCONCED ON THE BENCHES OF THE PINCIO GARDEN, CASTING PROVOCATIVE GLANCES OVER THE TOPS OF SUNGLASSES AT PASSERS-BY ; BY DINNERTIME, THEY BEGIN CONGREGATING NEAR ROME'S BIGGEST SUPERMARKET ALONGSIDE OLYMPIC VILLAGE AND BESIDE THE VAST RUINS OF THE BATHS OF CARACALLA . AT 9 O'CLOCK, ON THE CORNER OF VIA SISTINA NEAR THE PIAZZA DI SPAGNA, THE PRETTIEST PROSTITUTES APPEAR, DRESSED NOT AS PROFESSIONAL HOOKERS BUT AS SWEET LITTLE SCHOOLGIRLS . IN PARIS, THE POLICE HAVE SUCCEEDED IN DRIVING MOST BROTHELS UNDERGROUND, BUT AN ESTIMATED 20,000 PROSTITUTES ARE STILL AVAILABLE TO TOURISTS AND DOMESTIC MALES . THE MOST EXPENSIVE (AROUND $20) WORK THE CHAMPS-ELYSEES, AND IN A DECLINING ORDER OF PRICE AND PULCHRITUDE COME THE GIRLS OF THE MADELEINE, THE GARE MONTPARNASSE, PLACE PIGALLE AND LES HALLES . BRITAIN'S STREET OFFENSES ACT, PASSED IN 1959, HAS ENDED THE PROCESSIONS OF UNDULATING WHORES THAT USED TO FILL UP PICCADILLY CIRCUS, BAYSWATER ROAD AND HYDE PARK . BORROWING A TRICK FROM THEIR SISTERS IN AMSTERDAM, MANY LONDON PROSTITUTES NOW SIT AT THE UPPER WINDOWS OF SCRUFFY SOHO FLATS FOR WHICH THEY PAY AS MUCH AS $150 PER WEEK . UPSTAIRS BAR . EVEN THE COMMUNIST BLOC HAS ITS PROBLEMS WITH PROSTITUTION, WHILE INDIGNANTLY DENYING THAT IT EXISTS . IN HUNGARY, BUDAPEST'S FEW WHORES ARE OFTEN BOOKED UP NIGHTS IN ADVANCE BY VISITING AUSTRIAN AND WEST GERMAN BUSINESSMEN . " ELISABETH OF THE DUNA, " A WITTY LITTLE MAGYAR WHO ADORNS THE UPSTAIRS BAR OF THE HOTEL DUNA, IS SO FAMOUS THAT GUARDS ON THE AUSTRIAN BORDER ASK TRAVELERS, " HAVE YOU ANYTHING TO DECLARE ? DID YOU SEE ELISABETH ? " THOUGH FLOURISHING AS NEVER BEFORE IN WESTERN EUROPE, THE WORLD'S OLDEST PROFESSION IS ALSO CONTINUING TO TAKE ITS ACCUSTOMED TOLL . IN ITALY, THE NUMBER OF REPORTED CASES OF VENEREAL DISEASE JUMPED FROM 1,679 IN 1958 TO 16,395 LAST YEAR . IN FRANCE, DURING FIVE YEARS OF PROSPERITY, VENEREAL DISEASE SKYROCKETED BY 385 PER CENT . THE PROS PUT THE BLAME ON THE SEMIPROS, THE GROWING NUMBER OF YOUNG WOMEN WHO WORK DAYS AS SECRETARIES OR SALESCLERKS (AT WAGES RANGING FROM $120 TO $150 PER MONTH) AND TAKE TO THE STREETS AT NIGHT AND REMAIN LARGELY UNKNOWN EVEN TO THE POLICE . AT WEEK'S END IN PARIS, WOMEN WERE FLOCKING TO MOVIE THEATERS TO WATCH ABSORBEDLY A NEW DOCUMENTARY FILM ON PROSTITUTION AND, PERHAPS, PICK UP A FEW POINTERS . 
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LAOS AFTER THE PARTY RETURNING HOME EARLY FROM A PARTY AT THE KING'S RESIDENCE IN VIENTIANE, FOREIGN MINISTER QUINIM PHOLSENA, 47, AND HIS WIFE DREW UP BEFORE THEIR NEWLY RENOVATED VILLA . ON GUARD WAS A PROTECTIVE SCREEN OF SOLDIERS FROM THE NEUTRALIST ARMY OF PREMIER PRINCE SOUVANNA PHOUMA . AS QUINIM MOUNTED THE STEPS, ONE OF THE SOLDIERS STEPPED FORWARD AND FIRED A BLAST FROM HIS SUBMACHINE GUN THAT KILLED QUINIM AND SERIOUSLY WOUNDED HIS WIFE . WHEN WORD OF THE MURDER REACHED THE KING'S RESIDENCE ON THE BANKS OF THE MEKONG, IT FAILED TO DAMPEN THE MERRYMAKING . THE BAND PLAYED ON, THE MINISTERS AND THEIR LADIES CONTINUED TO SIP CHAMPAGNE . SHRUGGED ONE GUEST : " NO ONE HAD IT MORE COMING TO HIM AND FROM MORE QUARTERS THAN DID QUINIM PHOLSENA . / HARD-WORKING, DEDICATED AND DEVIOUS, QUINIM LACKED THE CUSTOMARY LAOTIAN CHARM AND GREW UP CONSUMED BY BITTERNESS AND ENVY . UNLIKE MOST OTHER LAOTIAN POLITICIANS, HE DID NOT BELONG TO A RICH OR PRINCELY FAMILY . HE MADE A LOT OF MONEY AS A MERCHANT AND INVESTOR, BUT IN POLITICS HE WAS ALWAYS A MAN OF THE LEFT ; THOUGH OFFICIALLY A MEMBER OF SOUVANNA PHOUMA'S NEUTRALIST PARTY, HIS LINE WAS USUALLY INDISTINGUISHABLE FROM THAT OF THE COMMUNIST PATHET LAO . QUINIM WAS WIDELY BLAMED FOR SPLITTING THE NEUTRALIST RANKS AND FOR FOSTERING THE RESENTMENTS AND DISSENSIONS THAT LED TO THE FEBRUARY ASSASSINATION OF A NEUTRALIST COLONEL IN THE PLAINE DES JARRES . IN HIS SIGNED CONFESSION, QUINIM'S ASSASSIN, A LANCE CORPORAL NAMED CHY KONG, CHARGED QUINIM WITH TRYING TO OVERTHROW THE GOVERNMENT AND BRIBING NEUTRALIST OFFICERS TO DEFECT TO THE PATHET LAO FORCES ENCAMPED IN THE PLAINE DES JARRES, WHERE AT WEEK'S END FIGHTING BROKE OUT THAT CAUSED 20 CASUALTIES . ASKED IF HE AGREED THAT QUINIM HAD BEEN PRO-COMMUNIST, PREMIER SOUVANNA PHOUMA REPLIED SIMPLY : " HE IS DEAD . PEACE TO HIS SOUL . / 
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SOUTH VIET NAM A WIFE IS ONLY A WIFE BUT EVERY RED IS A FOE THE UGLY WAR IN SOUTH VIET NAM SEEMS TO BE DRAGGING ON FOREVER, AND SENATOR RICHARD RUSSELL, CHAIRMAN OF THE SENATE ARMED SERVICES COMMITTEE, THINKS HE KNOWS THE REASON WHY . SAID THE GEORGIA DEMOCRAT : " WE ARE TRYING TO FIGHT THIS PROBLEM AS IF IT WERE A TOURNAMENT OF ROSES . I THINK IT IS TIME FOR THE DIRTYTRICKS DEPARTMENT TO TAKE OVER THERE . WE ARE DEALING WITH A BUNCH OF SCOUNDRELS, AND IT SEEMS TO ME WE OUGHT TO CATCH THEM AS IF WE WERE TRYING TO RUN DOWN JESSE JAMES $10,000, DEAD OR ALIVE . " ACTUALLY, THE VIET CONG SHOULD COME CHEAPER, ACCORDING TO RUSSELL, WHO PROPOSED A SYSTEM OF REWARDS FOR PEASANTS WHO REPORTED COMMUNIST HIDEOUTS . SAID HE : " WE MIGHT PROMISE THEM A COUPLE OF WATER BUFFALO, OR A NEW WIFE, OR SOME MONEY, OR THREE OR FOUR ACRES OF RICE LAND ALMOST ANYTHING WOULD BE CHEAPER THAN WHAT WE ARE DOING . " 
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MALAYSIA FORGING A PROSPEROUS NATION ENDLESS ROWS OF RUBBER TREES STRETCH FOR MILES OVER A LUSH RUBBER PLANTATION IN WESTERN MALAYA . IN THE EARLY MORNING HOURS, WOMEN TAPPERS EXTRACT THE THICK FLUID THAT IS THE LIFEBLOOD OF A NEW BRITISH COMMONWEALTH NATION THAT SOME TIME THIS SUMMER WILL COME INTO BEING . IT IS THE FEDERATION OF MALAYSIA, COMPOSED OF INDEPENDENT MALAYA, SELF-GOVERNING SINGAPORE, AND BRITISH PROTECTORATES OF SARAWAK, BRUNEI AND NORTH BORNEO . MALAYSIA IS THE DREAM OF MALAYA'S PRIME MINISTER ABDUL RAHMAN, 60, THE MAN ON THIS WEEK'S COVER . HE IS A CAMBRIDGE-EDUCATED LAWYER WHO LED HIS NATION TO INDEPENDENCE IN 1957 DURING ITS SUCCESSFUL, TWELVE-YEAR STRUGGLE AGAINST COMMUNIST GUERRILLA INSURGENTS . THE LARGEST PRODUCER OF RAW RUBBER IN THE WORLD, THE NEW COUNTRY WILL BE THE MOST PROSPEROUS AND BUSTLING NATION IN SOUTHEAST ASIA, ENCOMPASSING 129,500 SQUARE MILES AND 10 MILLION PEOPLE OF ELEVEN ETHNIC GROUPS RANGING FROM ABORIGINAL TRIBESMEN TO MILLIONAIRE SULTANS . MENACING ITS FUTURE ARE THE EXPANSIONIST AIMS OF NEIGHBORING INDONESIA AND THE THREAT OF PEKING-DIRECTED COMMUNIST SUBVERSION . BUT WITH ITS SUCCESSFUL CREATION, MALAYSIA PICTURED AND DISCUSSED IN THE COLOR PAGES AND COVER STORY THAT FOLLOW COULD BECOME THE STRONGEST ANTI-COMMUNIST BULWARK IN SOUTHEAST ASIA . MALAYSIA MALAYSIA WILL CUT A 1,600-MILE ARC THROUGH THE SOUTH CHINA SEA, FROM THE SOUTHERN BORDER OF THAILAND THROUGH THE MALAY PENINSULA AND SINGAPORE TO THE NORTH COAST OF BORNEO . POLITICALLY AND ECONOMICALLY, MALAYA IS THE KEYSTONE OF THE FEDERATION . WITH ITS POPULATION OF 7,000,000, MALAYA WILL DOMINATE THE NEW NATION'S GOVERNMENT, WHICH WILL SIT IN THE MALAYAN CAPITAL OF KUALA LUMPUR . THE MELTING-POT QUALITY OF THE NEW FEDERATION IS A REFLECTION OF MALAYA'S OWN CONGLOMERATION OF MALAYS, CHINESE, TAMILS, PYGMY NEGRITOS, AND OTHER ABORIGINAL TRIBESMEN IN THE DANK, TANGLED TROPICAL RAIN FORESTS OF THE INTERIOR . OFF THE SOUTHERN TIP OF MALAYA IS THE ISLAND STATE OF SINGAPORE, TEEMING WITH 1,700,000 PEOPLE . ONE OF THE LARGEST PORTS IN THE WORLD, SINGAPORE HAS THE HIGHEST ANNUAL PER CAPITA INCOME IN SOUTHEAST ASIA $450 . SINGAPORE'S CHINESE POPULATION, WITH STRONG TIES TO RED CHINA, PRESENTS THE NEW NATION WITH THE PRESSING PROBLEM OF COMMUNIST DOMINATION . BUT SINGAPORE HAS THE MOST POWERFUL MILITARY INSTALLATIONS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA, WILL BE THE HOME BASE FOR THE BRITISH ARMY, NAVY AND AIR FORCE UNITS THAT WILL BE MALAYSIA'S PRIMARY DEFENSE . THE THREE TINY COLONIES OF SARAWAK (POP . 784,000), BRUNEI (POP . 84,000) AND NORTH BORNEO (POP . 480,000), SEPARATED FROM MALAYA AND SINGAPORE BY 400 MILES OF THE SOUTH CHINA SEA, WERE INCLUDED IN THE FEDERATION MAINLY TO REDRESS ITS POPULATION BALANCE IN FAVOR OF THE NON-CHINESE PEOPLES . MANY OF THE PEOPLE IN THE THREE JUNGLE TERRITORIES ARE HALF-NAKED PRIMITIVE NATIVES WHO LIVE COMMUNALLY IN LONGHOUSES, WORSHIP ANIMIST WATER SPIRITS, AND HUNT WITH BLOW GUNS AND POISONED DARTS ; IN NORTH BORNEO THE DUSUNS VENERATE CLOUD-CAPPED MOUNT KINABULU (13,455 FT.), HIGHEST PEAK IN SOUTHEAST ASIA, AS THE GATEWAY TO PARADISE . AS INLAND ROADS ARE ALL BUT NONEXISTENT, RIVER CANOES ARE THE MAIN FORM OF TRANSPORTATION DUSUN GIRLS WEAR RATTAN BRAS TO MARKET IN NORTH BORNEO . KADAZAN MISS WEARS FESTIVE GARB AT CATHOLIC MISSION SCHOOL . CHINESE WOMAN IN A SINGAPORE TEMPLE LIGHTS JOSS STICKS AS AN OFFERING . MALAYAN POLICEMEN HAVE KEPT ORDER IN BRUNEI . MALAYAN BEAUTY POSES BY THE SULTAN'S PALACE IN KOTA BAHRU . KAYAN MAN SPORTS TRIBAL TATTOO, PIERCED EARS IN SARAWAK . INDIAN GIRL IS RUBBER TAPPER ON MALAY PLANTATION . IBAN WIFE IN SARAWAK PREPARES RATTAN FOR HER WEAVING . RICH CROPS & GREAT RESOURCES RICE, BEING HARVESTED IN KEDAH, " RICE BOWL " OF MALAYA AND HOME OF ABDUL RAHMAN, IS MALAYA'S MAIN FOOD CROP . BUT DESPITE GOOD YIELDS, AREA HAS TO IMPORT MUCH OF THE RICE IT USES 35 PER CENT IN 1961 NOODLES DRYING AT ROADSIDE FACTORY ARE MADE OF RICE FLOUR . MIXED WITH FISH OIL AND HOT PEPPERS, THEY ARE SECOND IN POPULARITY ONLY TO RICE . OIL FROM FIELDS IN TINY BRUNEI HAS BROUGHT GEYSER OF WEALTH TO BRITISH PROTECTORATE . BUT EVEN WITH MODERN RIGS, OIL PRODUCTION IS NOW FALLING OFF, HAS DROPPED 37 PER CENT SINCE RECORD HIGH IN 1956 . RUBBER WORKERS TREK LIQUID LATEX TO PLANTATION SMOKEHOUSE . RUBBER IS NO . 1 CASH CROP, AND MALAYA ACCOUNTS FOR ONE-THIRD WORLD'S SUPPLY . TIN HAS BEEN MINED FOR CENTURIES IN FIELDS OF MALAYA, WHICH STILL PRODUCE 40 PER CENT OF FREE WORLD'S SUPPLY . EUROPEAN AND U.S . FIRMS ACCOUNT FOR HALF OF PRODUCTION, WHILE SMALLER MINES ARE OWNED BY CHINESE . PINEAPPLE, HERE BEING CANNED IN THE MODERN NEW FACTORY OF LEE CO., LTD., IN JOHORE, HAS BECOME $10.8 MILLION EXPORT, IS SHIPPED ROUND WORLD FROM MALAYA . PEPPER VINES IN GARDEN NEAR KUCHING IN SARAWAK CLUSTER AROUND CHINESE FAMILY'S PRIMITIVE FARMHOUSE . EXPORTED FROM BORNEO TO EUROPE AS FAR BACK AS MIDDLE AGES, PEPPER STILL ACCOUNTS FOR $8.3 MILLION IN FOREIGN TRADE . RIPE BERRIES ON VINE ARE ORANGE-RED . BLACK PEPPER COMES FROM DRIED BERRIES, PREMIUM WHITE PEPPER FROM BERRIES WHOSE SKINS ARE SOAKED OFF . DIVERGENT PEOPLE, CONTRASTING CREEDS HINDU PENITENTS BY THOUSANDS SURGE UP AND DOWN 370 STEPS LEADING TO SACRED BATU CAVES NEAR KUALA LUMPUR DURING THAIPUSAM FESTIVAL . INDIANS, BROUGHT IN AS WORKERS AT TURN OF CENTURY, ARE NOW 10 PER CENT OF MALAYA'S POPULATION . LONGHOUSE DWELLERS IN THIS HOME OF 17 IBAN FAMILIES LIVE IN TYPICAL COMMUNAL STYLE . SARAWAK'S PRIMITIVE PEOPLE HAVE FORSAKEN RITUAL HEAD-HUNTING, NOW PREFER PEACEFULLY TO HUNT, FARM AND WEAVE . 
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MALAYSIA MANILA HUMMED WITH EXCITEMENT AS DELEGATES GATHERED FOR THE THIRD ANNUAL MEETING OF THE ASSOCIATION OF SOUTHEAST ASIA . PHALANXES OF MOTORCYCLE POLICE ESCORTED SHINY OFFICIAL LIMOUSINES TO MEETINGS AT THE MODERNISTIC PAVILION OF THE NATIONAL SCIENCE DEVELOPMENT BOARD . IN THE PANELED, HIGH-CEILINGED CONFERENCE ROOM AND AT DIPLOMATIC COCKTAIL PARTIES, AN ENDLESS STREAM OF DIGNITARIES STROLLED UP TO GREET THE MAN WHO WAS THE FOCUS OF EVERYONE'S ATTENTION, MALAYA'S STOCKY, SMILING PRIME MINISTER ABDUL RAHMAN, 60, THE GOLF-PLAYING EX-PLAYBOY WHO THIS SUMMER WILL BRING INTO BEING A NEW ASIAN NATION . TO ONE AND ALL, ABDUL RAHMAN HAPPILY TOOK CREDIT FOR THE FORMATION OF THE MALAYSIAN FEDERATION . AS HE PUTS IT, " I AM THE FATHER OF MALAYSIA . " STRICTLY SPEAKING, THIS IS NOT TRUE ; THE IDEA HAS LONG BEEN THE DREAM OF ASIAN NATIONALISTS . FOR YEARS, BRITAIN TOO HAS ADVOCATED THE PLAN AS A NEAT WAY TO TIE UP ALL ITS REMAINING ASIAN COLONIES (WITH THE EXCEPTION OF HONG KONG) INTO ONE TIDY INDEPENDENT PACKAGE . BUT THE TUNKU (IT MEANS PRINCE) WAS THE INDISPENSABLE CATALYST WITHOUT WHOM MALAYSIA COULD NOT HAVE BEEN ACHIEVED . HE WOOED, BULLIED AND CAJOLED THE FOUR OTHER COUNTRIES INTO THE FEDERATION AGREEMENT, WAS THE ONLY LOGICAL CHOICE TO SERVE AS THE NEW NATION'S FIRST PRIME MINISTER . HAPPY, NOT MIGHTY . UNLIKE MOST OTHER NEW ASIAN LEADERS, ABDUL RAHMAN IS NO RABID NATIONALIST . HE HAS REMAINED ON CLOSE, FRIENDLY TERMS WITH THE BRITISH, HAS NO INTEREST IN PIE-IN-THE-SKY ECONOMIC SCHEMES . HIS POLITICAL AIMS ARE SIMPLE : " FOOD INSTEAD OF BULLETS, CLOTHING INSTEAD OF UNIFORMS, HOUSES INSTEAD OF BARRACKS . " HIS NEW NATION HAS A COMBAT ARMY OF ONLY SEVEN BATTALIONS AND AN AIR FORCE SO SMALL THAT THE PILOTS OFTEN HAVE TROUBLE FINDING A FOURTH FOR BRIDGE . " MY AMBITION IS NOT A MIGHTY MALAYSIA, " SAYS ABDUL RAHMAN, " BUT HAPPY MALAYSIA . " BUT MANY PRESSING PROBLEMS THREATEN THE TUNKU'S AMBITION . MALAYSIA'S CURRENT PROSPERITY IS ENDANGERED BY ITS DEPENDENCE ON A ONE-CROP ECONOMY . SYNTHETICS HAVE ALREADY CAPTURED HALF THE WORLD'S ANNUAL 5,000,000-TON RUBBER MARKET AND FORCED DOWN THE PRICE OF LATEX . ON TOP OF THIS, BRUNEI'S OIL RESERVES ARE FAST DEPLETING . TO COUNTER THE ECONOMIC THREAT, MALAYA HAS EMBARKED ON AN AMBITIOUS DIVERSIFICATION PROGRAM, IS OFFERING A FIVEYEAR TAX HOLIDAY TO NEW INDUSTRIES AND PUSHING A BIG LAND-DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM FOR NEW CASH CROPS . POLITICALLY, MALAYSIA HAS ALREADY EXPERIENCED SOME ACUTE PAINS . FEARFUL THAT A STABLE NEW NATION WILL CURB COMMUNIST SUBVERSION IN SOUTHEAST ASIA, RUSSIA HAS BRANDED THE FEDERATION " A CUNNING INVENTION OF LONDON " SET UP WITH THE " UNQUALIFIED SUPPORT OF U.S . IMPERIALISTS . " BOTH NEIGHBORING INDONESIA AND THE PHILIPPINES HAVE LAUNCHED A CAMPAIGN OF INVECTIVE AGAINST THE WHOLE IDEA . WALLS OF PREJUDICE . BY FAR MALAYSIA'S MOST COMPLEX AND FESTERING PROBLEM IS THE SIMMERING RACIAL HOSTILITY BETWEEN THE NEW NATION'S CHINESE AND MALAY POPULATIONS . THROUGHOUT THE FEDERATION, THE ASTUTE, PROSPEROUS, HARD-BARGAINING CHINESE DOMINATE BUSINESS, INDUSTRY AND TRADE, HAVE ECONOMICALLY FAR OUTSTRIPPED THE RURAL, EASYGOING MALAYS . CHINESE TYCOONS CONTROL NORTH BORNEO'S BOOMING YOUNG TIMBER INDUSTRY AND SARAWAK'S VAST, ROLLING PEPPER GARDENS ; IN MALAYA, ABDUL RAHMAN'S GOVERNMENT HAS COMPLAINED THAT THE RICH, INBRED CHINESE BUSINESS COMMUNITY HAS ERECTED A " WALL OF PREJUDICE " AGAINST AMBITIOUS YOUNG MALAY BUSINESSMEN . THE MALAYS HAVE BUILT SOME WALLS OF THEIR OWN . BY MALAYAN LAW, ONLY ONEQUARTER OF THE GOVERNMENT JOBS CAN GO TO NON-MALAYS, WHILE MALAYS GET SPECIAL CONCESSIONS IN THE GRANTING OF SCHOLARSHIPS AND LICENSES FOR NEW BUSINESSES . RIGID CITIZENSHIP REQUIREMENTS HAVE BEEN SET UP FOR THE CHINESE (MALAYS ARE AUTOMATICALLY CITIZENS), AND THE BORNEO TERRITORIES PLAN IMMIGRATION RESTRICTIONS TO KEEP CHINESE BUSINESSMEN OUT . " SPECIAL PRIVILEGES ARE LIKE A GOLF HANDICAP, " RATIONALIZES MALAYA'S CHINESE FINANCE MINISTER TAN SIEW SIN . " THEY ARE NOT TO HOLD THE CHINESE DOWN, BUT TO HELP THE MALAYS ALONG . " GOLF EVERY MORNING . IT IS IRONICALLY FITTING THAT THE COMPLICATED PROBLEMS OF FEDERATION ARE THE PROVINCE OF A MAN WHO, ON THE FACE OF IT, IS SO UNCOMPLICATED HIMSELF . " I AM A LAZY MAN, " ADMITS ABDUL RAHMAN CHEERFULLY, AND SIX YEARS AS MALAYA'S PRIME MINISTER HAVE NOT ALTERED HIS EASYGOING WAYS . THE TUNKU PLAYS GOLF EVERY MORNING (HANDICAP : 24), CHECKS THE RACING CALENDAR BEFORE MAKING ADVANCE POLITICAL ENGAGEMENTS, ALWAYS TAKES A NAP IN THE AFTERNOON . AN AVID SOCCER FAN AND SPORTS-CAR BUFF, HE IS CHRONICALLY LATE FOR APPOINTMENTS, EXPLAINS : " BEING PUNCTUAL ALWAYS WEARS ME OUT . " THE TUNKU HAS THE CHARISMA OF THE REALLY SUCCESSFUL POLITICIAN . HIS TITLE DRAWS ENORMOUS RESPECT FROM THE MASSES, AND AT THE SAME TIME HIS GENUINE CHARM AND EASYGOING MANNER QUICKLY WIN THEIR CONFIDENCE . THOUGH HE IS A DEVOUT MOSLEM, ABDUL RAHMAN ENJOYS BRANDY AND SODA ; HE IS ALSO AN EXCELLENT CURRY COOK . WITH HIS THIRD WIFE, SHARIFAH RODZIAH, AND THEIR FOUR ADOPTED CHILDREN (TWO OF WHOM ARE CHINESE),* THE TUNKU LEADS A LIFE OF CHEERFUL DISORDER IN KUALA LUMPUR'S OPEN, AIRY PRIME MINISTER'S RESIDENCE, ALLOWS THE 70 CHILDREN OF HIS SERVANTS THE RUN OF THE HOUSE ; VISITING DIPLOMATS ARE OFTEN SURPRISED DURING A CONFERENCE TO SEE A SERVANT'S CHILD WANDER INTO THE SITTING ROOM AND CLIMB UP ONTO THE TUNKU'S LAP . THE TUNKU HAS SOLVED THE PROBLEM OF PAPER WORK SIMPLY : HE DOES NOT READ IT . HE HAS ALWAYS HAD AN AVERSION TO THE PRINTED PAGE, AS A STUDENT PICKED UP THE KNACK OF ABSORBING PERTINENT PASSAGES FROM BOOKS OR PAPERS THAT WERE READ ALOUD TO HIM . BUT THOUGH HE HAS NO INTELLECTUAL PRETENSIONS, THE TUNKU COMMANDS UNSWERVING LOYALTY FROM HIS BRILLIANT SUBORDINATES FOR HIS ALMOST CHARMED ABILITY TO AVOID POLITICAL MISTAKES . SAYS AN AIDE : " HE UNDERSTANDS THE MALAY MIND BETTER THAN ANYONE ELSE EVER HAS . " ABDUL RAHMAN AGREES . " I HAVE THE FEEL OF THE PEOPLE, " HE SAYS . " I HAVE THE TOUCH . " THE TUNKU'S FIRST WIFE, WHO DIED OF MALARIA IN 1935, WAS THE MOTHER OF HIS TWO CHILDREN, DAUGHTER KATHIJAH, 29, WIFE OF A MALAYAN STUDYING IN BRITAIN, AND SON NERANG, 27, NOW A MAJOR IN THE MALAYAN ARMY . HIS SECOND WIFE WAS A WHITE ENGLISHWOMAN, VIOLET COULSON, WHOM HE MARRIED OVER THE PROTESTS OF HIS FAMILY ; THEY WERE DIVORCED IN 1946 . THE PLAYBOY PRINCE . ABDUL RAHMAN WAS THE SEVENTH SON OF HIS FATHER'S SIXTH WIFE AND, WITH HIS 44 BROTHERS AND SISTERS, LIVED THE PLUSH LIFE BEFITTING THE OFFSPRING OF THE SULTAN OF KEDAH . HIS SIAMESE MOTHER DEMANDED THAT HE BE CARRIED TO SCHOOL ON THE SHOULDERS OF A RETAINER, AND THOUGH HE WAS AN INDIFFERENT STUDENT, HIS ROYAL BIRTH WON HIM A SCHOLARSHIP TO CAMBRIDGE, WHERE HE BEGAN TO READ LAW . BUT THE TUNKU SKIPPED MOST OF HIS LECTURES, SELDOM MISSED A TEA OR DINNERDANCE, DISTINGUISHED HIMSELF MAINLY BY PICKING UP 28 TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS IN HIS SILVER RILEY WITH RED FENDERS . NOT UNEXPECTEDLY, THE PLAYBOY PRINCE FLUNKED HIS BAR EXAMS . SO FAR DOWN THE LINE OF SUCCESSION THAT HE HAD NO CHANCE OF EVER ATTAINING HIS FATHER'S SULTANATE, THE TUNKU RETURNED TO MALAYA AS A MINOR CIVIL SERVANT IN A NUMBER OF REMOTE OUTPOSTS . ON FOOT AND ON ELEPHANT, HE TRAVELED THROUGH THE BUSH GETTING TO KNOW THE LAND AND THE PEOPLE, ONCE EVEN WORKED AS A MANUAL LABORER TO HELP BUILD A NEW MOSQUE, WHICH THE GRATEFUL MALAYS NAMED RAHMANIAH AFTER HIM . WORLD WAR II AND JAPAN'S SWIFT CONQUEST OF THE MALAYAN PENINSULA HASTENED ABDUL RAHMAN'S MATURITY . AS A USEFUL DISTRICT OFFICER, THE TUNKU WAS KEPT ON THE JOB BY THE JAPANESE . SECRETLY, HOWEVER, HE HELPED HIDE ESCAPEES FROM JAPANESE DEATH CAMPS, KEPT IN CONTACT WITH BRITISH GUERRILLA UNITS, WHICH WERE SUPPLYING ARMS TO ANTI-JAPANESE COMMUNIST IRREGULARS IN THE JUNGLES . " WHO THE HELL IS HE ? " ABDUL RAHMAN WAS ALSO IN CONTACT WITH THE MALAYAN INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT THAT BEGAN TO TAKE ROOT WHEN THE JAPANESE OUSTED THE BRITISH . WITH THE END OF THE WAR, AT THE AGE OF 42, THE TUNKU RETURNED TO ENGLAND TO GET HIS LAW DEGREE, BEGAN TO PLAY A LARGER PART IN THE CAUSE OF MERDEKA (FREEDOM) . HE INSISTED THAT IT WAS THE DUTY OF EVERY MALAY IN BRITAIN TO JOIN THE NATIONALISTIC MALAY SOCIETY . BECAUSE OF HIS AGE AND LONG EXPERIENCE IN THE CIVIL SERVICE, YOUNGER MALAY STUDENTS LOOKED TO HIM AS THEIR LEADER, CALLED HIM BECAUSE OF HIS DARKER SKIN " BLACK UNCLE . " IN FIERY POLITICAL BULL SESSIONS WITH YOUTHFUL FOLLOWER TUN ABDUL RAZAK, THE SEEDS OF A FUTURE POLITICAL PARTNERSHIP WERE BEING SOWN ; TODAY RAZAK IS THE MOST TRUSTED MEMBER OF HIS CABINET . BACK HOME, THE MIDDLE-AGING LAWYER JOINED THE UNITED MALAY NATIONALIST ORGANIZATION, SLOWLY BEGAN BUILDING UP A POLITICAL FOLLOWING IN HIS NATIVE KEDAH . IN OTHER MALAY STATES, THE TUNKU'S FIREBRAND FOLLOWERS FROM THE LONDON DAYS BEGAN PUSHING HIM FOR THE PARTY LEADERSHIP ; FINALLY, IN 1951, ABDUL RAHMAN TOOK OVER AS BOSS OF THE U.M.N.O . " NOBODY HAD EVER HEARD OF HIM, " AN OFFICIAL RECALLS . " I REMEMBER PEOPLE ASKING " WHO THE HELL IS HE ? " ' THEY SOON FOUND OUT . CONVINCED THAT HE COULD ONLY ACHIEVE NATIONAL LEADERSHIP AT THE HEAD OF A MULTIRACIAL UNITED FRONT, ABDUL RAHMAN MUTED HOTLY ANTI-CHINESE SENTIMENT IN HIS OWN MALAY PARTY, STUMPED THE COUNTRY URGING CHINESE AND INDIAN LEADERS TO UNITE BEHIND HIM UNDER THE BANNER OF A NEW ORGANIZATION CALLED THE ALLIANCE PARTY . TO FINANCE HIS CRUSADE, HE SOLD HIS EXPENSIVE CARS AND MOST OF HIS OTHER PROPERTY . " I WORKED LIKE MAD, LIVING AND SLEEPING ON TRAINS, " SAYS THE TUNKU . " I WAS OFTEN HOME ONLY ONE DAY A MONTH . " BUT ABDUL RAHMAN'S ZEAL PAID OFF . IN THE 1955 GENERAL ELECTION, THE ALLIANCE SWEPT 51 OF THE 52 SEATS IN THE FEDERAL LEGISLATURE, AND THE TUNKU TOOK OVER AS CHIEF MINISTER UNDER THE BRITISH HIGH COMMISSIONER . MERDEKA . ABDUL RAHMAN WAS SO BUSY POLITICKING THAT HE HAD TAKEN LITTLE MILITARY INTEREST IN THE BRUTAL, BLOODY GUERRILLA WAR THAT 350,000 BRITISH AND MALAYAN TROOPS AND HOME GUARDSMEN WERE WAGING AGAINST COMMUNIST INSURGENTS IN MALAYA'S TANGLED JUNGLES . BUT AFTER HIS 1955 ELECTION LANDSLIDE, THE TUNKU GREW AFRAID THAT THE BRITISH MIGHT USE THE EMERGENCY TO DELAY INDEPENDENCE, ARRANGED TO MEET THE COMMUNIST REBEL CHIEFTAINS IN NORTHERN MALAYA TO SEE IF SOME SORT OF SETTLEMENT COULD BE WORKED OUT . / MY IDEAS ABOUT COMMUNISM WERE DETERMINED BY THAT MEETING, " SAYS THE TUNKU . " I BECAME CONVINCED THAT ONCE A COMMUNIST, ALWAYS A COMMUNIST . THEY COULD NEVER COEXIST WITH US IN AN INDEPENDENT MALAYA . / AS THE WAR IN THE JUNGLE BEGAN TAKING A TURN FOR THE BETTER, ABDUL RAHMAN FLINTILY TOLD BRITAIN THAT THE TIME WAS LONG OVERDUE FOR MALAYA'S INDEPENDENCE . AFTER MONTHS OF HAGGLING AND DELAY, THE TUNKU FINALLY FORCED BRITAIN'S COLONIAL SECRETARY ALAN LENNOX-BOYD (NOW LORD BOYD) TO THE CONFERENCE TABLE . THROUGHOUT THE GRUELING, THREE-WEEK SESSION IN LONDON, THE TUNKU REFUSED TO BUDGE FROM HIS ULTIMATUM THAT INDEPENDENCE MUST COME NO LATER THAN AUG . 31, 1957 . " WHEN THE SIAMESE HAVE NO INTENTION OF YIELDING, THEY JUST APPEAR STUPID, " HE TOLD SUBORDINATES . " I'M HALF SIAMESE, YOU KNOW . " AT LAST, LENNOX-BOYD GOT THE POINT AND CAVED IN . ON THE TUNKU'S TARGET DATE, INDEPENDENT MALAYA AT LAST CAME INTO BEING . " GOOD OLD TUNKU . " THE TUNKU HAD NO REVOLUTIONARY BLUEPRINT FOR HIS NEW NATION, BROUGHT INTO HIS CABINET HIS OLD LONDON CRONY, ABDUL RAZAK, TO HAMMER OUT A PROGRAM FOR ORDERLY PROGRESS . WHILE ABDUL RAHMAN GROUND DOWN HARD ON RED SUBVERSIVES, MINISTER OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT RAZAK (IN THE POST HE WILL RETAIN IN MALAYSIA'S NEW GOVERNMENT) STARTED A PROGRAM OF NEW ROADS, SCHOOLS AND CLINICS TO BOOST THE STANDARD OF LIVING IN THE PRIMITIVE KAMPONGS (VILLAGES), WHERE THE COMMUNISTS WERE TRYING TO GAIN A FOOTHOLD . IN THE AIR-CONDITIONED " OPERATIONS ROOM " OF HIS MINISTRY, GADGET-LOVING RAZAK CAREFULLY WATCHED THE PROGRESS OF HIS BULLDOZERS ON DOZENS OF CHARTS, MOVIE SCREENS AND MAP DISPLAYS, KEPT HIS PROGRAM CONSTANTLY AHEAD OF SCHEDULE WITH HIS COLD INSISTENCE ON RESULTS OR ELSE . ABDUL RAHMAN MADE NO EFFORT TO SQUEEZE THE BRITISH OUT OF THE COUNTRY, WAS CONVINCED THAT THE CONTINUED ECONOMIC AND MILITARY PRESENCE OF THE BRITISH WAS THE BEST POSSIBLE INSURANCE FOR MALAYAN STABILITY . TODAY A BRITISH OFFICER COMMANDS THE MALAYAN ARMY, FIVE SENIOR BRITISH CIVIL SERVANTS HOLD KEY POSITIONS IN MALAYAN GOVERNMENT MINISTRIES, AND BRITISH BUSINESSMEN CONTROL MORE THAN HALF OF THE RUBBER INDUSTRY, REPATRIATE $86 MILLION IN PROFITS ANNUALLY . " IT'S WONDERFUL HOW THIS PLACE HAS FLOWERED SINCE INDEPENDENCE, " SAYS ONE BUSINESSMAN . " WE'RE REALLY MUCH BETTER OFF . GOOD OLD TUNKU . " PARLEYS ON THE GREEN . WITH HIS YOUNG NATION BOOMING, ABDUL RAHMAN LOOKED WITH INCREASING FEAR AT THE PREDICAMENT OF NEIGHBORING SINGAPORE, JUST THREE-QUARTERS OF A MILE ACROSS THE JOHORE STRAIT . THERE COMMUNISM WAS SPREADING LIKE AN INFECTION AMONG THE UNDERFED, UNDEREMPLOYED MASSES IN SINGAPORE'S SQUALID, TEEMING TENEMENT QUARTERS . BY STRIKES, RIOTS AND BOYCOTTS, THE PEKING-ORIENTED, COMMUNIST-FRONT BARISAN SOCIALIST PARTY TRIED TO TOPPLE THE TOTTERING GOVERNMENT GLUED TOGETHER BY SINGAPORE'S SHIFTY, BRILLIANT, CAMBRIDGE-EDUCATED PRIME MINISTER LEE KUAN YEW, 39 . NEVER TOO CHOOSY ABOUT WHERE HE GOT POLITICAL SUPPORT, " HARRY " LEE FIRST TRIED COOPERATION WITH THE COMMUNISTS, LATER ADOPTED A " LEFTIST, NOT EXTREMIST, NONCOMMUNIST, NOT ANTI-COMMUNIST " POLICY . IT DID NOT WORK ,SAVE HIS POLITICAL NECK, HE WAS FORCED TO GO FOR HELP TO AN OLD GOLFING PARTNER ABDUL RAHMAN . LEE'S VACATION HOUSE BORDERED A FAIRWAY OF KUALA KUMPUR'S RAMBLING SELANGOR GOLF CLUB, WHERE THE TUNKU SHOT HIS DAILY ROUND . FROM TEE TO GREEN, LEE TRIED TO CONVINCE ABDUL RAHMAN THAT SINGAPORE'S RICKETY COALITION COULD NEVER SURVIVE ANOTHER ELECTION, AND THAT A RED SINGAPORE COULD ONLY SPELL TROUBLE FOR MALAYA . GRADUALLY, THE TUNKU CAME TO THE FRIGHTENING CONCLUSION THAT SINGAPORE MIGHT WELL BECOME " A CHINESE CUBA . " ONE SOLUTION TO THE " SINGAPORE PROBLEM " WAS OBVIOUS : A MERGER, SO THAT MALAYA'S POWERFUL INTERNAL SECURITY POLICE COULD MOVE IN AND HELP SINGAPORE AUTHORITIES HOLD RED SUBVERSION IN CHECK . BUT THE TUNKU SHUDDERED AT THE PROSPECT OF UPSETTING HIS NATION'S MALAY RACIAL PREPONDERANCE BY THE ADDITION OF SINGAPORE'S 1,300,000 CHINESE . / IN ORDER TO BALANCE THE POPULATION, " HE SAYS, " I THOUGHT OF THE BORNEO TERRITORIES . / WINING & DINING . SARAWAK, BRUNEI AND NORTH BORNEO, HOWEVER, WERE LESS THAN ENTHUSIASTIC ABOUT THE FEDERATION SCHEME . BORNEO LEADERS RESENTED BEING INVITED TO JOIN MERELY AS A POLITICAL AND RACIAL ACCOMMODATION, DESIRED INSTEAD SOME SORT OF INDEPENDENCE OF THEIR OWN . THEN BRITAIN BEGAN PUTTING QUIET PRESSURE ON THE THREE TERRITORIAL GOVERNMENTS, TRIED TO PERSUADE THEM THAT UNION IN MALAYSIA OFFERED THEM FAR MORE ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL POWER THAN THEY COULD EVER ACHIEVE BY THEMSELVES . BUT IT WAS ABDUL RAHMAN WHO SOLD THE SCHEME . THE TUNKU WINED AND DINED A CONTINUOUS STREAM OF BORNEO DELEGATIONS IN KUALA LUMPUR, WARMED UP BORNEO LEADERS COOL TO THE FEDERATION WITH PROMISES OF FAVORED POLITICAL POSITIONS IN THE NEW NATION . HE SHREWDLY OFFERED THE BORNEO TERRITORIES 70 SEATS IN THE FEDERAL PARLIAMENT, AGAINST ONLY 15 FOR FAR MORE POPULOUS SINGAPORE AND 104 FOR MALAYA . HE PROMISED TAX CONCESSIONS AND A $12 MILLION DOLLOP OF MALAYAN AID ANNUALLY TO THE TERRITORIES, AGREED TO KEEP FEDERAL HANDS OFF BRUNEI'S OIL RESERVES . IT WAS THE TUNKU'S FONDEST HOPE THAT THE NEW NATION COME INTO BEING ON AUG . 31, 1963, THE SIXTH ANNIVERSARY OF MALAYA'S INDEPENDENCE . THEN LAST DECEMBER CAME A BLOW THAT THREATENED TO DESTROY THE TUNKU'S TIMETABLE . IT WAS THE UPRISING IN BRUNEI . " JUST TOO MUCH . " DISCONTENT WITH THE SULTAN OF BRUNEI'S CORRUPT, INEFFICIENT AND AUTOCRATIC REGIME HAD LONG BEEN FESTERING IN THE TINY, DELAWARE-SIZED TERRITORY . LAST YEAR THE SULTAN'S GOVERNMENT SPENT ONLY $50,000 ON DRUGS AND MEDICINE FOR ITS PEOPLE, WHILE LAYING OUT $47,000 FOR ELECTRICAL ILLUMINATION ON THE SULTAN'S BIRTHDAY ACTION ON REQUESTS TO THE GOVERNMENT USUALLY TOOK FROM SIX MONTHS TO THREE YEARS . THE DOMINANT BUT POWERLESS PEOPLE'S PARTY WAS ALSO DEAD-SET AGAINST MALAYSIA ; THE PARTY'S ERRATIC, GOATEED ONETIME VETERINARIAN LEADER, SHEIK A . M . AZAHARI, 34, WANTED INSTEAD TO ALIGN BRUNEI, SARAWAK AND NORTH BORNEO INTO A SINGLE INDEPENDENT STATE WITH HIMSELF AS ITS LEADER . WHEN IT FINALLY ERUPTED, THE REVOLT WAS POORLY ORGANIZED AND BADLY LED . FOUR BATTALIONS OF BRITAIN'S TOUGH LITTLE GURKHA TROOPS LANDED ON BRUNEI, INSIDE OF A WEEK SENT THE SHATTERED REMNANTS OF THE 3,000MAN REBEL ARMY SCUTTLING BACK INTO HIDING IN BRUNEI'S STEAMING JUNGLES . BUT THE BRUNEI REVOLT AT LAST GAVE THE PHILIPPINES AND INDONESIA, FOR DIFFERENT REASONS, AN EXCUSE TO DISPLAY THEIR OPPOSITION TO THE SCHEME . OBLIVIOUS TO MALAYA'S SUCCESS AGAINST RED INFILTRATION, THE PHILIPPINES FEARED THAT LEFTISTS WOULD ULTIMATELY TAKE OVER THE NEW NATION, THUS PUTTING A CUMMUNIST NEIGHBOR RIGHT ON THEIR DOORSTEP . DUSTING OFF AN OLD CLAIM TO NORTH BORNEO, THE PHILIPPINES MAINTAINED THAT IN 1878 THE SULTAN OF SULU HAD ONLY " LEASED, " NOT SOLD, THE TERRITORY TO THE BRITISH . LONDON STIFFLY REJECTED THE FILIPINO CLAIM TO THE REGION . INDONESIA SHOUTED THAT THE TURMOIL SHOWED THE DEEP DISSATISFACTION WITH MALAYSIA IN THE BORNEO TERRITORIES, AND THAT THE FEDERATION WAS ONLY A PLOT TO EXTEND BRITAIN'S COLONIAL INFLUENCE IN ASIA . RABBLE-ROUSING PRESIDENT SUKARNO KNEW THAT A BRITISH-BACKED, ECONOMICALLY VIABLE MALAYSIA WOULD NOT ONLY DERAIL HIS AMBITION TO EXTEND HIS INFLUENCE OVER THE BORNEO TERRITORIES, BUT MIGHT ALSO SERVE AS AN INDUCEMENT TO REBELLION FOR THE PEOPLE OF DEPRESSED INDONESIAN BORNEO . MOREOVER, ABDUL RAHMAN HAS IGNORED EVERY " REVOLUTIONARY PRINCIPLE " FOR WHICH SUKARNO STANDS, HAS IN THE PROCESS CREATED A CONSERVATIVE, PROSPEROUS NATION, WHILE REVOLUTIONARY, LEFTIST INDONESIA, WITH ITS 100 MILLION PEOPLE, HAS SLID TO THE EDGE OF ECONOMIC RUIN . SAYS A DIPLOMAT :. " TO HAVE A LITTLE COUNTRY LIKE THIS EXTENDING ITS INFLUENCE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA WAS JUST TOO MUCH FOR SUKARNO . " SOUND GROUND . IN A DRUMFIRE OF PROPAGANDA OUTBURSTS, INDONESIA HAILED THE " BRUNEI FREEDOM FIGHTERS, " LASHED OUT AT " BRITISH MERCENARIES AND PUPPETS, " GRANTED POLITICAL ASYLUM TO BRUNEI LEADER AZAHARI, RAVED THAT ABDUL RAHMAN WAS " ROUND THE BEND . " (RETORTED THE TUNKU : " WHAT CAN YOU EXPECT FROM A PIG BUT A GRUNT ? / ) DJAKARTA MOBS HANGED THE TUNKU IN EFFIGY, AND SUKARNO DECLARED A " POLICY OF CONFRONTATION " AGAINST MALAYA . INDONESIAN JETS BUZZED MALAYAN SHIPS IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA, AND ARMY LEADERS DARKLY THREATENED " INCIDENTS OF PHYSICAL CONFLICT " ALONG THE BORDER OF BRUNEI AND INDONESIA . SUKARNO DID NOT DARE TO INVADE ; HE PLAINLY HOPED TO INDUCE THE UNITED NATIONS TO STEP IN AND PLACATE HIM AS IT DID WITH WEST NEW GUINEA THUS SPARING HIM THE NECESSITY OF FIGHTING FOR WHAT HE WANTS . HOWEVER, THE U.N . SEEMS UNWILLING TO PLAY SUKARNO'S GAME ; A U.N . OBSERVER TEAM TOLD HIM THAT MALAYSIA IS " ON SOUND LEGAL GROUND . " PROMISE TO " BROTHERS . " LAST WEEK IN MANILA, THE ACRID DISPUTE BETWEEN INDONESIA, THE PHILIPPINES, AND MALAYSIA ADDED AN UNDERTONE OF TENSION TO THE OTHERWISE CALM MEETING OF THE ASSOCIATION OF SOUTHEAST ASIA . NOT ON THE OFFICIAL AGENDA, THE MALAYSIA QUESTION CAME UP REPEATEDLY IN LONG PRIVATE DISCUSSIONS BETWEEN ABDUL RAHMAN AND PHILIPPINES PRESIDENT DIOSDADO MACAPAGAL . THE TUNKU WAS ANXIOUS FOR THE WHOLE MATTER TO BE SETTLED QUIETLY . IN AN ATTEMPT TO BE REASONABLE AND FRIENDLY WITH HIS " MALAY BROTHERS, " HE AGREED TO LOOK INTO THE FILIPINO CLAIM TO NORTH BORNEO, LUKEWARMLY ENDORSED A PROPOSAL FOR AN ASIAN SUMMIT MEETING BETWEEN HIMSELF, MACAPAGAL, AND INDONESIA'S SUKARNO . BUT THE TUNKU VETOED THE SUGGESTION THAT HE POSTPONE THE CREATION OF MALAYSIA UNTIL SOME SETTLEMENT COULD BE REACHED ; THE FEDERATION, HE SAID, WOULD COME INTO BEING BY AUG . 31 AS PLANNED . FROM THE STANDPOINT OF LANGUAGE, RELIGION, CULTURE OR GEOGRAPHY, MALAYSIA IS NOT A NATURAL NATION . BUT ABDUL RAHMAN HAS FACED PROBLEMS SIMILAR TO MALAYSIA'S IN HIS OWN MALAYA AND THERE A DECENT SOCIETY HAS FLOURISHED . HE DOES NOT PROMISE THE MOON TO HIS NEW NATION, ONLY A SANE, HUMANE, WORKABLE GOVERNMENT . UNDER HIS LEADERSHIP, MALAYSIA CAN BE, AS JOHN F . KENNEDY HAS SAID, " THE BEST HOPE OF SECURITY IN THAT VITAL PART OF THE WORLD . / 
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THE ALLIES AT LEAST THEY'RE SPEAKING THAW ! CRIED U.S . HEADLINES . OPERATION CHARM ! PURRED THE PARIS PRESS . THE BIG NEWS, OF COURSE, WAS THAT CHARLES DE GAULLE LAST WEEK WAS ON SPEAKING TERMS WITH HIS ALLIES . IN PARIS TO ATTEND A MEETING OF THE SOUTH-EAST ASIA TREATY ORGANIZATION, SECRETARY OF STATE DEAN RUSK CHATTED " CORDIALLY " WITH FRANCE'S PRESIDENT FOR ABOUT 35 MINUTES, COUNTING TIME OUT FOR TRANSLATION . BRITAIN'S FOREIGN SECRETARY LORD HOME AND FRANCE'S FOREIGN MINISTER MAURICE COUVE DE MURVILLE, WHO HAVE BEEN SNUBBING ONE ANOTHER EVER SINCE BRITAIN WAS EXCLUDED FROM THE COMMON MARKET LAST JANUARY, ALSO EXCHANGED CIVILITIES . WHAT'S MORE, AT AN ELYSEE PALACE RECEPTION FOR SEATO DELEGATES FROM EIGHT COUNTRIES, LE GRAND CHARLES AFFABLY DECLARED : " SECURITY MEANS COOPERATION . " SUBS, PLEASE . WAS THIS PROGRESS ? SKEPTICS NOTED THAT FRANCE'S GOVERNMENT SEEMED MORE INCLINED TO TALK COOPERATION THAN TO PRACTICE IT . AFTER INDICATING THAT THEY MIGHT HONOR A 15-MONTH-OLD AGREEMENT TO ACCEPT U.S.-CONTROLLED WARHEADS FOR ITS GERMAN-BASED F-100 FIGHTERBOMBERS, THE FRENCH BRUSQUELY DENIED THAT THEY HAD ANY PRESENT PLANS " CONCERNING THE USE OF THESE PLANES WITHIN NATO . " NOTHING DAUNTED, U.S . OFFICIALS IN PARIS LEAKED WISHFUL REPORTS THAT FRANCE'S NUCLEAR FORCE DE FRAPPE IS BADLY BEHIND SCHEDULE AND BESET WITH EVERMOUNTING TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL PROBLEMS . DE GAULLE, IT WAS HINTED, WAS ABOUT READY TO RETURN TO THE NATO FOLD . NOT SO, RETORTED A HIGH-RANKING FRENCH OFFICIAL . FRANCE, HE INSISTED, WILL HAVE ITS FIRST 50 MIRAGE IV A-BOMBERS IN SERVICE BY DECEMBER 1965, ON SCHEDULE ; EXPECTS TO HAVE ITS OWN H-BOMB " WELL BEFORE " 1970 ; AND IS ACTUALLY AHEAD OF SCHEDULE WITH ITS MISSILE-LAUNCHING SUBMARINE, NOW DUE IN 1968 . THUS DE GAULLE HAD NO REASON TO BACK AWAY FROM HIS DECLARED AIM OF NUCLEAR INDEPENDENCE . AS THE GAULLIST PARIS-PRESSE POINTED OUT, " IT IS HIS PARTNERS WHO HAVE GREATLY CHANGED THEIR TONE " SINCE THE GENERAL REJECTED THE U.S . OFFER OF NATO-COMMITTED POLARIS MISSILES LAST JANUARY . THE U.S . WAS STILL PUSHING ITS LONG-TERM PLAN FOR A SURFACE POLARIS FLEET MANNED BY MIXED CREWS . HOWEVER, BRITAIN HAS LITTLE ENTHUSIASM FOR THE IDEA, WHILE WEST GERMANY AND ITALY, WHICH WERE BOTH ENTHUSIASTIC AT FIRST, HAVE NOW INDICATED THAT THEY WOULD RATHER SINK THEIR MONEY IN MULTIMANNED POLARIS SUBMARINES . WHAT THE U.S . DID WIN LAST WEEK WAS SUBSTANTIAL AGREEMENT FROM ITS ALLIES EXCLUDING FRANCE ON THE GENERAL OUTLINE OF A MORE LIMITED SCHEME, THE INTER-ALLIED, NATOCONTROLLED STRIKE FORCE THAT WASHINGTON HOPES TO CREATE IN THE NEAR FUTURE . JUST A GIMMICK ? AFTER A NATO SESSION IN PARIS AND CONFERENCES IN LONDON ATTENDED BY RUSK, DEFENSE SECRETARY MCNAMARA AND OTHER TOP POLICYMAKERS, THE U.S . ANNOUNCED THAT IT WOULD PRESENT NEXT MONTH'S NATO MEETING IN OTTAWA WITH DETAILED PLANS FOR A NUCLEAR COMMAND AND PLANNING STRUCTURE TO INTEGRATE THE NEW INTER-ALLIED FORCE . IT WOULD INCLUDE BRITAIN'S V-BOMBERS AND, IN 1968, ITS POLARIS FLEET, AS WELL AS THREE POLARIS SUBMARINES THAT THE U.S . HAS COMMITTED TO NATO, AND OTHER ALLIED AIRCRAFT AND MISSILES . SOME ALLIED PLANNERS DISMISSED THE U.S . PROPOSALS AS MERE " GIMMICKRY . " BUT AFTER ALL IT WAS WESTERN EUROPE THAT HAD BEEN CLAMORING FOR A GREATER ROLE IN NUCLEAR WEAPONS POLICY . NOW WASHINGTON HAD PRODUCED A PLAN THAT WOULD GO A LONG WAY TOWARD MEETING THIS DEMAND . MOST EUROPEAN COUNTRIES SEEMED ANXIOUS TO COOPERATE . PARIS REMAINED STIFFLY ALOOF, SUGGESTING ONLY THAT IN THE EVENT OF WAR, ITS OWN DETERRENT MIGHT BE " COORDINATED / WITH A NATO NUCLEAR FORCE . IF ANY U.S . OFFICIALS REALLY BELIEVED, AS THEY SAID LAST WEEK, THAT THE FRENCH HAD SHOWN A MORE " POSITIVE " ATTITUDE TOWARD THE WESTERN ALLIANCE, THEY GRAVELY MISJUDGED THE AIMS OF CHARLES DE GAULLE . SNAPPED A GERMAN DIPLOMAT : " OF COURSE THE CRISIS ISN'T OVER . AND IT WON'T BE AS LONG AS DE GAULLE IS AROUND . " 
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YUGOSLAVIA HOW TO WIN JOB SECURITY LIKE MANY DURABLE DICTATORS, YUGOSLAVIA'S MARSHAL TITO PRESERVES HIS ONE-MAN RULE BY THE SIMPLE EXPEDIENT OF HOLDING DOWN THE KEY JOBS HIMSELF . HE IS SECRETARY-GENERAL OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY, SUPREME COMMANDER OF THE ARMED FORCES, AND CHIEF OF STATE . AS IF THAT WERE NOT ENOUGH, BELGRADE'S COMPLAISANT FEDERAL PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC UNANIMOUSLY APPROVED A NEW NATIONAL CONSTITUTION LAST WEEK GIVING TITO THE PRESIDENCY FOR LIFE.* WHILE HIS HANDSOME WIFE JOVANKA BEAMED DOWN FROM A VISITORS' BOX, TITO STRODE INTO THE HALL TO THE CHEERS OF THE CROWD AND SAT GRAVELY THROUGH A FORMAL READING OF THE NEW CHARTER . AFTERWARD, LOOKING REMARKABLY FIT FOR A MAN WHO WILL BE 71 NEXT MONTH, HE HAPPILY AUTOGRAPHED COPIES OF THE CONSTITUTION . IN ADDITION TO SANCTIFYING TITO'S SUPREMACY, THE DOCUMENT INCLUDED OTHER NOVELTIES . A NEW ASSEMBLY WILL BE COMPOSED OF NO FEWER THAN FIVE CHAMBERS, EACH WITH ITS OWN SPECIALTY . ONE WILL DEAL WITH ECONOMICS, OTHERS WITH EDUCATION, SOCIAL, GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE, AND FEDERAL MATTERS . FOR THE FIRST TIME, THERE WILL BE A PREMIER AND A VICE PRESIDENT, ALTHOUGH NEITHER ONE IS DESIGNATED TO SUCCEED TITO IN THE EVENT OF HIS SUDDEN DEATH . THEIR POWERS WILL BE STRICTLY LIMITED . UNDER THE NEW CONSTITUTION, THE COMMUNIST PARTY REMAINS THE " FUNDAMENTAL INITIATOR OF POLITICAL ACTIVITY . " SPAIN'S FRANCISCO FRANCO IS THE ONLY OTHER DICTATOR WITH LEGAL LIFE TENURE AS CHIEF OF STATE . GHANA'S STRONGMAN PRESIDENT, KWAME NKRUMAH, WAS VOTED PERMANENTLY INTO OFFICE IN SEPTEMBER, BUT HIS HIGH DEDICATION MODESTLY VETOED THE GESTURE, PREFERRING TO RELY ON ELECTIONS A SAFE ENOUGH GESTURE SINCE THE COUNTRY IS OFFICIALLY A ONE-PARTY STATE . 
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MIDDLE EAST UNION NOW THE ARAB WORLD LAST WEEK REELED IN A DELIRIUM OF JOY . DAMASCUS RADIO REPEATEDLY SHRIEKED, " AHLAN BIL WAHDA ! " (WELCOME TO UNION) . WHEN SYRIAN SOLDIERS SENT BURSTS OF TRACER BULLETS STREAKING AGAINST THE NIGHT SKY, THE RADIO ANNOUNCER HASTILY TOLD HIS EXCITED LISTENERS THAT IT WAS NOT REVOLUTION BUT JUBILATION . THE DREAM HAS COME TRUE ! HEADLINED A BEIRUT PAPER . ALEPPO NEARLY EXPLODED : ITS MAIN STREETS BECAME A SEA OF SCREAMING HUMANITY, AND CARS INCHED ALONG HONKING THEIR HORNS TO THE RHYTHM, " NAS-SER ! " ALGERIA'S PREMIER AHMED BEN BELLA CABLED THAT THIS WAS " THE MOST WONDERFUL DAY OF MY LIFE ! " AND YEMEN'S STRONGMAN, ABDULLAH SALLAL, HAILED THE " OUTSTANDING HISTORIC EVENT . " CHEERING CROWDS MILLED THROUGH ADEN AND KUWAIT AND BAGHDAD . FESTERING WOUND . WHAT THRILLED THE ARAB WORLD WAS THE CAIRO ANNOUNCEMENT THAT EGYPT, SYRIA AND IRAQ HAD AT LAST AGREED TO UNITE IN A TRIPARTITE FEDERATION . THE TERMS OF UNION WERE FAR STRONGER AND MORE CENTRALIZED THAN ARABS, OR ANYONE ELSE, HAD EXPECTED . THERE HAD BEEN MUCH TALK OF A LOOSE ASSOCIATION OF NATIONS MOVING SLOWLY OVER THE YEARS TOWARD ACTUAL UNITY . BUT THE PULSING ENTHUSIASM OF THE MOMENT APPARENTLY SWEPT ASIDE MUCH OF THE EARLIER RESTRAINT . A FEW DOZEN MEN IN CAIRO WERE GROPING FOR THE POLITICAL BLUEPRINT FOR A NATION STRONGER, RICHER AND MORE POWERFUL THAN ANY ARAB STATE FOR CENTURIES PAST . IF IT ALL WORKS OUT, THE PROPOSED NEW MIDDLE EASTERN POWER COMPLEX WILL COVER 620,300 SQ . MI., STRETCH FROM THE BORDERS OF TURKEY AND IRAN TO SUDAN AND LIBYA, FROM THE PERSIAN GULF TO THE MEDITERRANEAN AND FAR DOWN THE RED SEA COAST . IT WOULD HAVE A POPULATION OF 40 MILLION PEOPLE (EXPECTED TO REACH 80 MILLION BY 1985, GREATER THAN TH